Survey-Based Analysis of Water Consumption Law in High-Rise Public Buildings and Water-Saving Performance of Pressure-Reducing Measures

Abstract Establishing and perfecting the water rights system is an important way to alleviate the shortage of water resources and realize the optimal allocation of water resources. Agriculture is an important user of water in various water-consumption industries, the confirmation of water rights in irrigation districts to farmers is the inevitable requirement for implementing fine irrigation in agricultural production. In this paper, a double-level water rights allocation model of national canals – farmer households in irrigation district is established. It takes into account the current water consumption of the canal system, the future water-saving potential and the constraint of total amount control at the canal level. It takes into account the asymmetric information of farmer households’ population and irrigation area at the farmer household level. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient method is used to construct the water rights allocation model among farmer households based on the principle of fairness. Finally, Wulanbuhe Irrigation Area in the Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia is taken as an example. The results show that the allocated water rights of the national canals in the irrigation district are less than the current because of water-saving measures and water rights of farmer household get compensation or cut respectively. The research has fully tapped the water-saving potential of irrigation districts, refined the distribution of water rights of farmers and can provide a scientific basis for the development of water rights allocation in irrigation districts and water rights transactions between farmers.

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The Regulation and Management of Water Resources in Groundwater Over-extraction Area based on ET

10.21203/rs.3.rs-547398/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

fawen li ◽

Wenhui Yan ◽

Yong Zhao ◽

Rengui Jiang

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Water Resources Management ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Water Saving ◽

Green Water ◽

Blue Water ◽

Crop Water ◽

Total Rainfall ◽

Resources Management ◽

Crop Water Consumption

Abstract Because of the shortage of water resources, the phenomenon of groundwater over-extraction is widespread in many parts of the world, which has become a hot issue to be solved. The traditional idea of water resources management only considering blue water (stream flow) can't meet the demand of sustainable utilization of water resources. Blue water accounts for less than 40% of total rainfall, while green water (evapotranspiration) accounts for more than 60% of total rainfall. In the natural environment, vegetation growth mainly depends on green water, which is often neglected. Obviously, the traditional water resources management without considering green water has obvious deficiencies, which can't really reflect the regional water consumption situation in the water resources management. And only by limiting water consumption can achieve the real water saving. In addition, the mode of water resources development and utilization has changed from "supply according to demand" to "demand according to supply". In this background, for many regions with limited water resources, it is impossible to rely on excessive water intake for development, and sustainable development of regional can only be realized by truly controlling water demand. This paper chooses Shijin Irrigation District in the North China Plain as the research area, where agricultural water consumption is high and groundwater over-extraction is serious, and ecological environment is bad. In order to alleviate this situation, comprehensive regulation of water resources based ET is necessary. Therefore, this paper focuses on the concept of ET water resources management and includes green water into water resources assessment. Based on the principle of water balance, the target ET value of crops in the study area is calculated, and the ET value is taken as the target of water resources regulation. The actual water consumption is calculated by Penman-Monteith formula, and reduction of crop water consumption is obtained according to the difference between actual ET and target ET. The reduction in crop water consumption leads to a reduction in demand for water supply, which reduces groundwater extraction. The results of this study can provide necessary technical support for solving the problem of groundwater over-extraction and realizing real water saving.

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Studies on Household Water Consumption and Water-Saving Solutions for Four Cities in the Red River Delta (Hanoi, Hai Phong, Hai Duong and Nam Dinh)

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering - ICSCEA 2019 ◽

10.1007/978-981-15-5144-4_14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 185-199

Author(s):

Quang Minh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Water Consumption ◽

Water Saving ◽

River Delta ◽

Red River ◽

Red River Delta ◽

Household Water

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Simulation Study on the Effectiveness of Passive Natural-Ventilated Facade Devices for High-Rise Public Buildings

Environmental Science and Engineering - Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019) ◽

10.1007/978-981-13-9528-4_103 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1019-1028

Author(s):

Yilin Li ◽

Hongwei Tan ◽

Weiguang Su ◽

Jingjing Shao

Keyword(s):

Simulation Study ◽

Public Buildings ◽

High Rise ◽

Ventilated Facade

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Control of urine odor in different sanitation practices and its implication on water saving

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2017.094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 156-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shervin Hashemi ◽

Mooyoung Han

Keyword(s):

Water Consumption ◽

High Water ◽

Water Saving ◽

Dilution Ratio ◽

Urine Odor ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Sanitation Systems

To avoid odor in sanitation systems, urine is usually diluted with water (flushed), which leads to high water consumption. The smell may remain in sanitation systems if the systems are not well managed, or if the urine is flushed with insufficient amounts of water. In this study, using the standard threshold odor number (TON) measurement as an indicator of urine odor, the effects of the pH and temperature of the diluting water regarding the amount of water:urine dilution ratio were studied. The effects of temperature and pH of the diluting water on TON when the dilution ratio was constant were investigated. Results show that lowering the pH and temperature of the diluting water can reduce the minimum dilution ratio needed to achieve TON = 0. At constant dilution ratio, reducing pH seemed to be more efficient, sustainable, and economical in comparison to adjusting the temperature of the diluting water. It was found that, based on the specific pH and temperature of the diluting water, there is a minimum dilution ratio required to avoid urine odor. Therefore, in sanitation systems, the amount of flushing should be adjusted based on the characteristics of the flushing water as well as on the amount of urination.

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Water Changing Trends and Water Quota Management in China’s Public Services

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.605 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 212-213 ◽

pp. 605-608

Author(s):

Qiang Liu ◽

Hong Bo Liu ◽

Jin Xiang Fu

Keyword(s):

Water Consumption ◽

Public Service ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Water Saving ◽

Total Water Consumption ◽

Rapid Economic Growth ◽

Service Water ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Quota Management ◽

Management Operation

China has the largest population in the world, and the available water resources per capita are very limited. The rapid economic growth and urbanization has caused increased water demand in China’s urban areas. Urban water quota management has become a core strategy for establishing a water-saving society. In 2001-2008, the trend of total water consumption has changed obvious in China. And the water consumption of public service has the same trend. Whit the development of the third industry and the increase of use efficiency, in the future the trend of public service water consumption will maintain stable situation. It still need further improve the water management to control the water increasing. The comprehensive water quota as the standard can estimate the water-saving level of the industries. And it can also determine whether the industry meet the water-saving requirements. Compared with the part quota, it simplifies the process of collecting the water data and improving the quota management operation, which avoid the false data. Researching the comprehensive water quota is a critical part of water quota management.

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