scholarly journals Evaluation of Usefulness of Three Serological Tests Using Native Crude Antigen in Diagnosis of Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Mesut Akil ◽  
Ahmet Ozkeklikci ◽  
Eylem Akdur Ozturk ◽  
Aygul Sadiqova ◽  
Nuray Altintas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Crude Antigen ◽  
Native Crude

scholarly journals Human and animal cystic echinococcosis in Tataouine governorate: hypoendemic area in a hyperendemic country, myth or reality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim M’rad ◽  
Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues ◽  
Massaouda Ghrab ◽  
Hamouda Babba ◽  
Myriam Oudni-M’rad
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Sera Samples

Abstract Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) has a worldwide distribution and is especially prevalent in North African countries. With a mean annual surgical incidence (ASI) of CE of 12.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, Tunisia is one of the most CE endemic countries in the Mediterranean area. Tataouine governorate is considered to be the most CE hypoendemic region in Tunisia (ASI = 0.92) despite favourable socioeconomic conditions that enable maintenance of the Echinococcus granulosussensu lato (s.l.) life-cycle and a significant environmental contamination with E. granulosuss.l. eggs. The aim of this study was to assess human CE seroprevalence, prevalence of CE in food animals and environmental contamination by E. granulosus s.l. eggs in different districts of Tataouine governorate. Methods This study was conducted from January to December 2018. A total of 374 human sera samples were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against E. granulosus using a commercial ELISA kit. Specimens were also collected from animals slaughtered at the Tataouine abattoir (n = 8609) and examined for the presence of hydatid cysts; 111 hydatid cysts were genotyped. Eggs of E. granulosuss.l. were identified by PCR and DNA sequencing from dog faecal samples (n = 288). Results Serological tests showed that 8.5% of the sera samples tested were positive for E. granulosus-specific antibodies. The average prevalence of hydatidosis in livestock was 1.6%, and CE infection was more prevalent in cattle than in sheep, goats and dromedaries. The contamination rate of dog faeces by E. granulosus sensu stricto eggs varied significantly from 0 to 23.5% depending on the collection area. Molecular analyses only revealed the presence of the G1 genotype for cysts and eggs. Conclusions Based on our findings, CE is likely to be more endemic in the Tataouine governorate than previously described. Thus, to implement an effective control programme against CE, a national survey should be carried out to determine human CE prevalence in the different Tunisian governorates. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals A comparative study of different immunoassays to detect specific antibodies to Echinococcus spp. in human sera

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
M. Fecková ◽  
D. Antolová ◽  
K. Reiterová
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses

SummaryHuman echinococcosis, one of the most serious of parasitic zoonoses, is caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. The study aimed to assess the reliability of the detection of specific antibodies to E. multilocularis and E. granulosus s.l. in human sera and to compare their diagnostic potential for their utilization in the practice. In the study, the somatic antigen of E. multilocularis (AgEm), antigen B (AgB), and the hydatid fluid antigen of E. granulosus and two commercial ELISA kits – Echinococcus granulosus (Bordier Affinity Products, Crissier, Switzerland) and NovaLisaTMEchinococcus IgG (NovaTec Immunodiagnostica, Germany) – were compared. Sera of patients with alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, and with different parasitic/other infections were used to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and cross-reactivity of in-house and commercial ELISA methods. AgEm presented the highest values regarding the diagnostic indicators, showing 100 % specificity and 90.0 % sensitivity. The tests for serological diagnostics of cystic echinococcosis were less sensitive and specific. The Echinococcus granulosus kit had 83.8 % specificity and 88.2 % sensitivity, while AgB and AgHF showed 85.0 % and 86.3 % specificity, and 76.5 % and 100 % sensitivity, respectively. NovaLisaTMEchinococcus IgG proved to have 95.7 % specificity and 77.8 % sensitivity. The results point out that the combination of different serological tests and approaches in accordance with clinical and imaging findings is still essential to prove the correct diagnosis in suspected patients.

Optimization and validation of an ELISA using recombinant Toxoplasma gondii matrix antigen 1 for serodiagnosis of the infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buyannemekh Tumurjav ◽  
Mohamad Alaa Terkawi ◽  
Houshuang Zhang ◽  
Guohong Zhang ◽  
Honglin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Crude Antigen ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Toxoplasma gondii infection can be diagnosed directly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), hybridization and isolation of parasites and indirectly with serological methods[4; 5; 18].Although all these tests have shortcomings, serological tests, particularly the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), seem to be the most practical and economical. The crude antigen prepared from tachyzoites has been traditionally utilized for commercially serological detection kits. However the use of recombinant antigens can be alternative sources of antigens allowing better standardization of the tests and reducing the costs of production requires mass production of the parasite either from the peritoneal fluids of infected mice or from tissue cultures. In spite of the potential advantages of using recombinant antigens in serology tests, their sensitivities have not yet achieved perfect result; therefore, further research on new antigensis extremely desirable [10; 16; 17; 3]. In this context, the Toxoplasma gondii matrix antigen 1 (TgMAG1) known as 65-kDa protein abundantly expressed within the cyst and in the cyst wall surrounding the bradyzoites [15], has documented to be immunogenic during the infection with T. gondii in mouse model and promising reagent for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis in humans [15;12; 6]. However, its usefulness has not yet been confirmed in animal toxoplasmosis.In this study, the optimization and validation of E.coli-expressed rTgMAG1as ELISA antigen were describedMongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 56-60

Diagnostic value of semi-purified antigens of hydatid cyst fluid in human cystic echinococcosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissal Iraqi
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Blot Technique ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Hydatid Cyst Fluid

AbstractCystic Echinococcosis (CE) is an infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The diagnosis of this disease has been problematic. Serological tests detecting antibodies against E. granulosus are the most popular and mainly use the crude Hydatid Cyst Fluid (HCF) or its components, Ag 5 and B. However, the diagnostic value of these tests is limited by the problems of specificity and/or sensitivity. The use of purified HCF antigens could be more helpful in the serodiagnosis of CE compared to the whole HCF. In the present study, we have evaluated the diagnostic value of semi-purified antigens using ELISA tests. Our results have shown that the 53 KDa antigen gave the best specificity (97.5%) and sensitivity (80%). We have also used Western Blot technique to analyze the serological profile against HCF. The results have confirmed that the most immunogenic component of HCF is the Ag 5.

scholarly journals Frequency and clinical presentation of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis in a tertiary medical center in Germany 2004–2018: lessons from a low-prevalence area

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1281-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Karlas ◽  
Fabian Reinhardt ◽  
Valentin Blank ◽  
Norman Lippmann ◽  
Daniel Seehofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Low Prevalence

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Germany is increasing. The number of cases in northern and eastern regions is low, so there is little experience with regard to diagnosis and therapy. Objectives The objective of this paper was to evaluate the management of suspected and/or diagnosed echinococcosis at a university center in a low-prevalence region. Methods All the patients at the Leipzig University Hospital between 2004 and 2018 who had been serologically examined for echinococci were included in a retrospective cohort study. Clinical course, imaging, histology, therapeutic characteristics, relevant comorbidities and risk factors for AE and CE were evaluated. A time-staggered prevalence estimation, as well as sensitivity and specificity calculations for the serological tests, were performed. Results A total of 382 patients were enrolled, with 11 AE and 7 CE cases identified. The mean prevalence rate of AE in this cohort was 2.9 % and that of CE was 1.8 %. Among the patients, 56 % had known risk factors for AE and CE. The serological tests showed a sensitivity of 86 % and a specificity of 91 %. Two patients with false-negative serology were diagnosed by biopsy. All CE and 5 AE patients (45 %) were operated on. Six AE patients received long-term treatment with albendazole. Conclusions AE and CE are rare diseases in the greater Leipzig region; however, case numbers are on the rise. Due to favorable factors such as the escalation of migration, a further increase is expected. Diagnosis and therapy are challenging and should be supported by specialists (experienced infectiologists, imaging experts and skilled hepatobiliary surgeons) who should be integrated in a German network.

scholarly journals Multiple-bead assay for the differential serodiagnosis of neglected human cestodiases: Neurocysticercosis and cystic echinococcosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0010109
Author(s):  
Ana Hernández-González ◽  
Belén González-Bertolín ◽  
Laura Urrea ◽  
Agnes Fleury ◽  
Elizabeth Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Added Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Multiplex Bead

Background Neurocysticercosis (NCC), and cystic echinococcosis (CE) are two neglected diseases caused by cestodes, co-endemic in many areas of the world. Imaging studies and serological tests are used in the diagnosis of both parasitic diseases, but cross-reactions may confound the results of the latter. The novel multiplex bead-based assay with recombinant antigens has been reported to increases the diagnostic accuracy of serological techniques. Methodology We set-up an immunoassay based on the multiplex bead-based platform (MBA), using the rT24H (against Cysticercus cellulosae, causing cysticercosis) and r2B2t (against Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, causing CE) recombinant antigens, for simultaneous and differential diagnosis of these infections. The antigens were tested on 356 sera from 151 patients with CE, 126 patients with NCC, and 79 individuals negative for both diseases. Specificity was calculated including sera from healthy donors, other neurological diseases and the respective NCC or CE sera counterpart. The diagnostic accuracy of this assay was compared with two commercial ELISA tests, Novalisa and Ridascreen, widely used in the routine diagnosis of cysticercosis and CE, respectively. Main findings For the diagnosis of NCC, sensitivity ranged from 57.94–63.49% for the rT24H-MBA, and 40.48–46.03% for Novalisa ELISA depending on exclusion or inclusion of sera having equivocal results on ELISA from the analysis; specificities ranged from 90.87–91.30% and 70.43–76.96%, respectively. AUC values of the ROC curve were 0.783 (rT24H) and 0.619 (Novalisa) (p-value < 0.001). For the diagnosis of CE, the sensitivity of the r2B2t-MBA ranged from 68.87–69.77% and of Ridascreen ELISA from 50.00–57.62%; specificities from 92.47–92.68% and from 74.15–80.98%, respectively. AUC values were 0.717 and 0.760, respectively. Conclusions/Significance Overall, the recombinant antigens tested with the bead-based technology showed better diagnostic accuracy than the commercial assays, particularly for the diagnosis of NCC. The possibility of testing the same serum sample simultaneously for the presence of antibodies against both antigens is an added value particularly in seroprevalence studies for cysticercosis linked to control programs in endemic areas where these two parasites coexist.

scholarly journals Serology for the diagnosis of human hepatic cystic echinococcosis and its relation with cyst staging: A systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0009370
Author(s):  
Francesca Tamarozzi ◽  
Ronaldo Silva ◽  
Veronica Andrea Fittipaldo ◽  
Dora Buonfrate ◽  
Bruno Gottstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Ottawa Scale

Background The diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is primarily based on imaging, while serology should be applied when imaging is inconclusive. CE cyst stage has been reported among the most important factors influencing the outcome of serodiagnosis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relation between cyst stage of hepatic CE and diagnostic sensitivity of serological tests, to evaluate whether their relation is a consistent finding and provide guidance for the interpretation of results of serological tests. Methodology/Principal findings MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Lilacs databases were searched on December 1st 2019. Original studies published after 2003 (year of publication of the CE cyst classification), reporting sensitivity of serological tests applied to the diagnosis of human hepatic CE, as diagnosed and staged by imaging, were included. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data from 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Summary estimates of sensitivities and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using random effects meta-analysis. Overall, test sensitivity was highest in the presence of CE2 and CE3 (CE3a and/or CE3b), and lowest in the presence of CE5 and CE4 cysts. ELISA, ICT and WB showed the highest sensitivities, while IHA performed worst. Conclusions/Significance The results of our study confirm the presence of a clear and consistent relation between cyst stage and serological tests results. Limitations of evidence included the heterogeneity of the antigenic preparations used, which prevented to determine whether the relation between cyst stage and sensitivity was influenced by the type of antigenic preparation, the paucity of studies testing the same panel of sera with different assays, and the lack of studies assessing the performance of the same assay in both field and hospital-based settings. Our results indicate the absolute need to consider cyst staging when evaluating serological results of patients with hepatic CE.

scholarly journals Importance of complex diagnostic approach in differential diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Szilágyiová ◽  
Ľ. Laca ◽  
D. Antolová ◽  
E. Nováková ◽  
R. Rosoľanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Long Time

Summary Alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, serious parasitic diseases caused by larval stages of Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus has been diagnosed in Slovakia for a long time. Study presents case of 49-years old patient with accidentally diagnosed one big (60 mm) and multiple small (2 - 24 mm) hypoechogenic structures localised in right liver lobe. According to positive serology to E. granulosus antigen and results of imaging examinations the patient was classifi ed as possible case of cystic echinococcosis and treated with mebendazole. Later, due to the worsening of clinical, laboratory and CT fi ndings surgical biopsy was performed and surgical biopsy and subsequent PCR examination of liver tissue confi rmed the diagnosis of alveolar echinococosis. Clinical picture of disease imitating cystic echinococcosis in presented case report, together with results of serological tests confi rmed importance of accurate differential diagnosis of echinococcosis. Each aspect of clinical and laboratory results should be considered responsibly, however, sometimes only molecular techniques can solve the problem of differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis:ultrasound imaging or countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis?

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (06) ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Sadjjadi
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran

Cystic echinococcosis is a major zoonotic diseases in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study was carried out in 3 general hospitals in Shiraz. We examined the records of all 1227 surgical patients with a surgically-proven diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis for the 20-year period 1978-98. The results of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis were compared with pathology and ultrasound reports to determine whether serological tests could be helpful for diagnosis. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis could detect only 62.0% of cases, whereas the pathology and ultrasound results were positive for 96.3% of cases. This study confirms the usefulness of ultrasound and suggests that only in doubtful cases would countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis be useful for diagnosing cystic echinococcosis.

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