Breeding new seedless grape by means of in vitro embryo rescue

Consumer demand for seedless grape with high quality and large berry has been increasing. Breeding of hypotetraploid grape was suggested as one of promising methods to satisfy it, but low frequency of hypotetraploid occurrence and low seed germination by abortive embryo were indicated as the major problem to hamper the development of hypotetraploid grape. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the basic efficiency of in ovulo embryo culture after the cross between hypotetraploid (‘Hanareum’) and tetraploid (‘Honey Black’ and ‘Kyoho’) grape cultivars on the establishment of hypotetraploid grapes. Embryos and plantlets were hardly obtained in ovules cultured at six after the cross pollination (WAP), but ovules inoculated at 10 WAP produced more embryos as well as plantlets regardless of cross combination. Furthermore, we found that embryo formation was not affected by the basal media in ovules cultured at six WAP, but utilization of specific medium can be more beneficial for embryo formation when ovules were cultured at 10 WAP. A total of 17 plants were obtained from ovules cultured at 10 WAP, and above 50% of plants were identified as hypotetraploid grapes. These results indicate that in vitro embryo rescue after cross pollination between hypotetraploid and tetraploid grape can enhance the efficiency for the breeding of hypotetraploid grapes.

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Improved in ovulo embryo culture for stenospermocarpic grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar03053 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 54 (9) ◽

pp. 869 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S. M. Liu ◽

S. R. Sykes ◽

P. R. Clingeleffer

Keyword(s):

Embryo Rescue ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Embryo Survival ◽

Recovery Rates ◽

Continuous Growth ◽

Embryo Recovery ◽

Plantlet Formation ◽

Seedless Grape

In ovulo embryo rescue techniques have been used to recover new hybrids from seedless × seedless grape crosses. This study was conducted to increase efficiency by investigating effects of genotype, medium, and ovule removal age on ovule elongation, embryo recovery, growth, and plantlet formation. Ovules from self-pollinated berries of seedless varieties Sunmuscat, Merbein Seedless, and Marroo Seedless were cultured at 30, 43, 60, and 70 days after flowering (DAF) in a range of media, some of which were supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The effect of activated charcoal (AC) in media on rescued embryos was also investigated. Ovules exhibited continuous growth in vivo and in vitro. The most vigorous growth was observed for ovules cultured at 30 and 43 DAF, but more embryos were recovered from ovules cultured at 60 and 70 DAF. Ovule growth and embryo production in vitro were improved in Bouquet and Davis (BD) and Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) media. Supplementation with GA3 increased embryo recovery rates. Highest embryo recovery rates were 18.1%, 9.6%, and 12.2% for Sunmuscat, Merbein Seedless, and Marroo Seedless, respectively, when ovules were excised and cultured at 60 or 70 DAF in either BD or NN media. In vitro embryo survival and plantlet formation were higher for torpedo-shaped embryos, and improved greatly in 6-benzyladenine (BA)-supplemented woody plant (WP) medium containing 0.3% AC. Embryo recovery was improved by excising and culturing ovules at 60 DAF in BD or NN media and then by transferring embryos to WP medium supplemented with BA and AC.

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In vitro embryo rescue and plant regeneration following self-pollination with irradiated pollen in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.5897/ajb2015.14577 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (27) ◽

pp. 2191-2201

Author(s):

Buttibwa Mary ◽

S Kawuki Robert ◽

K Tugume Arthur ◽

Akol Jacinta ◽

Magambo Stephen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Regeneration ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Irradiated Pollen ◽

Self Pollination

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Adaptability and leaf anatomical features in oil palm seedlings produced by embryo rescue and pre-germinated seeds

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202010000300008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 209-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Zanderluce G. Luis ◽

Kadja Milena G. Bezerra ◽

Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

In Vitro Cultivation ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Anatomical Plasticity ◽

Germinated Seeds

Changes in the leaf structure of plants grown in different conditions have been reported, such as increase in size and density of stomata and reduction in stomatal control, amount of epicuticular wax, and mesophyll thickness, with a high diversity of intercellular spaces. However, these changes are highly variable depending on the physiological and morphological characteristics of each species. The objective of this work was to analyze the adaptability and anatomical plasticity of oil palm seedlings produced after embryo rescue and pre-germinated seeds. Expanded leaves were prepared for evaluation of morphometric data and anatomical structures. It was verified that the environmental conditions in vitro negatively influenced the stomata density, epidermal and hypodermal thickness, and the values for the expansion cells and leaf mesophile. Anatomically, the oil palm leaves present the same tissues composition in both growth conditions, with uniseriate epidermal cells, and tetracitic stomata occurring in both epidermal surfaces. Epidermal cells from in vitro plants are thinner than ones from greenhouse. The midrib of leaves from greenhouse plants are more developed and is composed by only one central vascular bundle, while plants from in vitro cultivation developed three to four collateral vascular bundles.

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Interspecific Hybridization Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) With Alsike Clover (Trifolium Hybndum L.) Using In Vitro Embryo Rescue

Genetic Manipulation in Plant Breeding ◽

10.1515/9783110871944-081 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 469-472

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Hybridization ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Red Clover ◽

Trifolium Pratense L

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Abnormal Seedlings Emerged during Embryo Rescue and Its Remedy for Seedless Grape Breeding

Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology ◽

10.7235/hort.2013.12158 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 483-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wei Ji ◽

Zhiqian Li ◽

Wenkong Yao ◽

Peijie Gong ◽

Yuejin Wang

Keyword(s):

Embryo Rescue ◽

Seedless Grape ◽

Grape Breeding

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Influence of grape genotype, ripening season, seed trace size, and culture date on in ovule embryo development and plant formation

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87051995000200002 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 237-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Celso V. Pommer ◽

David W. Ramming ◽

Richard L. Emershad

Keyword(s):

Embryo Development ◽

Embryo Culture ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Great Influence ◽

Embryo Viability ◽

Mature Fruit ◽

Trace Length ◽

Culture Time ◽

Seedless Grape ◽

Reduced Rate

Eighteen seedless grape genotypes differing in ripening season (early, mid and late) and in seed trace size (small, medium and large) were harvested at 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 weeks past bloom (wpb). Using embryo rescue techniques it was studied if embryo do abort as the fruit matures and what percent embryos remain viable at later stages. The size of seed trace was also investigated to determine its influence on embryo viability during maturation. It was found that genotype have great influence on embryo culture traits. Late maturing genotypes showed fewer rescued embryos, germinated embryos and transplantable plants than early and mid season ones. The best culture time for grape embryo rescue is 6 and 10 wpb. At these dates, the largest number of embryos, germinated embryos and transplantable plants were obtained. Genotypes with the largest ratio for seed trace weight/seed trace length (i.e., largest density) showed the greatest tendency to have the largest number of ovules with embryos, more germinated embryos and more transplantable plants. The study also showed that it is possible to recover plants from mature fruit harvested late, although at a much reduced rate.

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Enhanced Seed Germination of Ilex dumosa R. (Aquifoliaceae) through In Vitro Culture of Cut Pyrenes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.46.2.278 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 278-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Natalia R. Dolce ◽

Luis A. Mroginski ◽

Hebe Y. Rey

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Effective Technique ◽

Cutting Surface ◽

Rescue Technique ◽

Growth Room ◽

Scalpel Blade ◽

Culture Protocol

An in vitro culture protocol was developed that increased the germination percentage and decreased the lag time to germination for Ilex dumosa R. pyrenes as a tool for replacing the laborious task of embryo rescue technique. This method involves transversely cutting surface-sterilized pyrenes with a scalpel blade, then placing the micropylar one-third end with the rudimentary embryo (≈0.25 mm long) on solidified (agar 0.65%) quarter-strength salts and vitamins of Murashige and Skoog, 1962 medium with 3% sucrose, and incubating in a growth room at 27 ± 2 °C with a 14-h photoperiod (116 μmol·m−2·s−1). Most of the cut pyrenes (greater than 50%) germinated within the first month after inoculation and achieved maximum germination (≈70%) in 2 months compared with whole pyrenes, which began to germinate 3 months after sowing and required more than 8 months for maximum germination (37%). Moreover, the germination percentage of cut pyrenes was significantly higher than the germination of isolated embryos (34%). Thus, the cut pyrenes culture is a simpler and more effective technique than embryo rescue. Easily, on average, a trained operator is able to culture ≈1000 cut pyrenes per day instead of ≈100 isolated embryos.

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Embryo rescue from interspecific crosses in apple rootstocks

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2006000600011 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 969-973 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Adriana Cibele de Mesquita Dantas ◽

José Itamar Boneti ◽

Rubens Onofre Nodari ◽

Miguel Pedro Guerra

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Casein Hydrolysate ◽

Female Parent ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Open Pollination ◽

Apple Rootstocks ◽

Hand Pollination

The objetive of this work was to rescue immature embryos of apple rootstocks Malus prunifolia (Marubakaido) and Malus pumila (M9) after 40-60 days of pollination and to put them into MS culture media supplemented with agar (6 g L-1) and casein hydrolysate (500 mg L-1). Embryos originated from interspecific crosses and open pollination showed differences in the in vitro responses, depending on the female parent, the developmental stage of the embryo, and the culture medium composition. Embryos of the M. pumila rootstock, rescued within 40 days after pollination and put in culture medium supplemented with indolacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin and maltose, resulted in a normal development of plantlets. However, embryos originating from hand-pollination, cultivated in medium supplemented with 14 µM IAA, 5 µM kinetin and 1.5 µM Ga3 (MS1), mainly those of M. prunifolia x M. pumila, showed a high percentage of rusted embryos (96.2%). Embryos from open pollination of M. prunifolia and M. pumila formed calluses. It was possible to identify the influence of the female parent by the enhanced development of M. pumila shoots derived from open or hand-pollination. The crossing of responsive species and the use of the technique of embryo culture provided a rapid and uniform germination and, consequently, the development of fully normal seedlings.

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