EVOLUÇÃO DA ICTIOFAUNA DE RIACHOS SUL-AMERICANOS (CASTRO, 1999) REVISITADO APÓS MAIS DE DUAS DÉCADAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e Castro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Size ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
South American ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
The South ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
The Family ◽  
Respective Species

A little more than 20 years after the first publication of Castro (1999), the knowledge of the South American freshwater ichthyofauna, especially that of Brazil, has increased dramatically. This increase occurred both in terms of knowledge of its taxonomic diversity - in 1999, based on various sources in the scientific literature, a total of 2,800 species of South American freshwater fish was estimated, and a total of near 3,500 species it is currently known from Brazil alone - as to the knowledge of its evolution and also ecology. Consequently, all the hypotheses originally proposed in that paper are reexamined and critically discussed here considering this new knowledge accumulated in the past nearly two decades. Although the original 1999 hypothesis that the small adult size of their respective species is a general evolutionary pattern shared by the South American stream ichthyofauna has been firmly corroborated by several studies carried out in many regions of Brazil, the different patterns associated with most of the species of stream fish originally proposed are discussed in this chapter in the light of the new accumulated knowledge about their biology and ecology. Likewise, the possible role of heterochrony in their respective evolution is critically analyzed in the context of the great advance that has occurred in understanding the phylogenetic relationships of component taxa of freshwater neotropical ichthyofauna, using mainly the family Characidae as a possible model. Finally, a recent intriguing idea of the role of respiratory physiology in determining both the maximum size of teleost fish and their patterns of environmental occupation is examined in relation to its possible effect in the evolution of South American stream ichthyofauna.

Progarnia archosauriaenov. gen., nov. sp. (Haemosporina: Garniidae), a blood parasite ofCaiman crocodilus crocodilus(Archosauria: Crocodilia), and comments on the evolution of reptilian and avian haemosporines

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lainson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Parasite ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Caiman Crocodilus ◽  
The Family

SUMMARYProgarnia archosauriaenov. gen., nov. sp. (Haemosporina: Garniidae) is described in the blood of the South American caiman,Caiman crocodilus crocodilus(Archosauria: Crocodilia). The parasite undergoes merogony and gametogony principally in leucocytes and thrombocytes, but also invades erythrocytes in which it produces no ‘malarial’ pigment. It thus shares features ofFallisiaandGarniawhich are, respectively, intra-leucocytic and intra-erythrocytic haemosporines of the family Garniidae in present-day lizards. This, and the antiquity of the order Crocodilia, suggests that it was from such a parasite that the existing reptilian and avian haemosporines evolved. An overall evolutionary pattern is suggested.

Pollen morphology of Myrtaceae from the south-west Pacific area

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Pike
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
African Species ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Pacific Area

The pollen grains of 300 species of 71 genera of the family Myrtaceae have been examined and their characteristic features summarized in tabular form. The investigation has been mainly concerned with those species that occur in the south-west, Pacific area, particularly Australia. For comparative purposes, the pollen morphology of a limited number of South American and two South African species has been included. The significance of pollen characters for distinguishing genera and species within the family is discussed. In some instances pollen morphology has provided additional evidence for the classification of certain species as suggested by taxonomists. A provisional key to pollen grains of the genera examined has been included.

Revision of the family Listropsoralgidae Fain, 1965 (Acariformes: Sarcoptoidea)—skin parasites of marsupials and rodents

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3611 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-69
Author(s):  
ANDRE V BOCHKOV ◽  
BARRY M OCONNOR ◽  
PATRICK GROOTAERT
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time ◽  
Metachirus Nudicaudatus

The family Listropsoralgidae Fain, 1965 (Acariformes: Sarcoptoidea) is represented by the permanent skin ectoparasites associated with the South American and Australian marsupials (12 species) and the South American rodents of the family Echimyidae (1 species). The phylogenetic relationships of these mites (12 ingroup and 2 outgroup species) are reconstructed on the basis of the maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analyses (BA) of 76 morphological characters. MP analysis confirmed monophyly of the listropsoralgid genera, the strict consensus of 18 trees generated by MP has the following pattern: Petauralges (Listropsoralgoides, Didelphialges, Listropsoralges) with poor resolution among species of the genus Listropsoralges. The same tree was generated by BA. Both successive and implied weighting strategies resulted in 7 MP trees: Petauralges (Listropsoralgoides (Didelphialges (Listropsoralges))). The relationships between species of the genus Listropsoralges received the poorest resolution: L. caenolestes (L. monodelphis, L. vossi, L. faini, L. brevisetosa (L. thylamys (L. marmosa–L. caluromys))). The host-parasite relationships of listropsoralgids are briefly discussed. The family Listropsoralgidae is taxonomically revised and to date includes 13 species in 4 genera. Six species and one genus are described as new: Listropsoralges brevisetosus sp. n. from Marmosa murina (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) from Peru, Listropsoralges similis sp. n. from Caluromys derbianus (Didelphidae) from Panama, Listropsoralges thylamys sp. n. from Thylamys venustus (Didelphidae) from Bolivia, Listropsoralges vossi sp. n. from Monodelphis domestica (Didelphidae) from Brazil, Listropsoralges caenolestes sp. n. from Caenolestes fuliginosus (Paucituberculata: Caenolestidae) from Ecuador, and Didelphialges metachirus gen. n., sp. n. from Metachirus nudicaudatus (Didelphidae) from Peru. The female of Listropsoralges faini Bochkov and Wauthy, 2009 is described for the first time.

The role of SST on the South American atmospheric circulation during January, February and March 2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rodrigues de Moraes Drumond ◽  
Tércio Ambrizzi
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
South American ◽  
The South

scholarly journals The Role of Latent and Sensible Heat Fluxes in an Explosive Cyclogenesis over the South American East Coast

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everson DAL PIVA ◽  
Manoel Alonso GAN ◽  
Marley Cavalcante de Lima MOSCATI
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
South American ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
The South ◽  
American East Coast

Dust deposition tracks late-Holocene shifts in monsoon activity and the increasing role of human disturbance in the Puna-Altiplano, northwest Argentina

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hooper ◽  
Samuel K Marx ◽  
Jan-Hendrik May ◽  
Liliana C Lupo ◽  
Julio J Kulemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
South American ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
The South ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Dust Emissions ◽  
Dust Flux ◽  
Dry Conditions

The Puna-Altiplano plateau represents a regionally significant dust source, which is critically located at the nexus between the tropical and sub-polar synoptic systems that dominate the South American climate. Dust emissions in this region would therefore be expected to be sensitive to changes in these systems, in particular the strength and position of the South American Summer Monsoon (SASM). Here, we present a late-Holocene multi-proxy study where changes in dust flux, reconstructed from a high-altitude peat mire, are examined in light of climate variability and human impacts. Results show that for most the 4300 cal. yr BP record, dust flux sensitively tracked changes in SASM activity. Prior to 2600 cal. yr BP relatively high dust flux implies dry conditions prevailed across the Puna-Altiplao in association with reduced SASM activity. The chemistry of dust deposited at this time matched the large endorheic basins on the Puna, which host ephemeral lakes and terminal fans, indicating these were actively supplying dust to the airstream. After 2600 cal. yr BP, SASM activity increased while dust flux decreased and the dust chemistry changed, collectively implying the shutting down of the Puna-Altiplano as a significant dust source. Dust flux increased after 1000 cal. yr BP during the ‘Medieval Warm Period’, associated with a return to drier conditions and reactivation of dust sources across the endorheic basins of the Puna. Natural variability in dust flux was dwarfed, however, by the very significant increase in flux after 400 cal. yr BP following Spanish Colonisation and associated changing landuse practices. This finding attests to the globally significant role of humans on dust emissions.

Israeli penetration in South America (1973-1947)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Political ◽  
South American ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
South American Continent

This research is an attempt to uncover the reality and method of Israeli penetration in the South American continent, and aims to draw attention to the weaknesses and mistakes in the role of Arab communities that they had to play in South America, and the position of Arab governments towards that continent. The research was divided into two main axes, as the first dealt with the means of Israeli penetration in South America until 1947, providing a brief overview of the roots of the penetration in the South American continent and the methods it adopted in achieving this. While the second axis focused on the stance of the South American countries on the Arab-Israeli conflict (1947-1973). However, the Israeli infiltration was affecting the political decision-makers in that continent towards the decision to partition Palestine up to the October 1973 war. Key words: the penetration, Palestine, Israel, immigration, Arabs, America

A new Afrotropical Ogovea (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) from Cameroon, with a discussion on the taxonomic characters in the family Ogoveidae

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 329 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GONZALO GIRIBET ◽  
CARLOS E. PRIETO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Ogovea is described and illustrated, Ogovea cameroonensis n. sp. from Yaoundé. This species considerably enlarges the distribution range of the family Ogoveidae towards the Northeast. The new species, only known from its type locality in Cameroon, is the first described cyphophthalmid for that country. A new diagnosis for the family Ogoveidae is provided and a putative relationship of Ogovea with the South American genus Huitaca is rejected.

The role of the vascular endothelium in arenavirus haemorrhagic fevers

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1024-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Endothelial Cell Function

SummaryViral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) caused by arenaviruses are among the most devastating emerging human diseases.The most important pathogen among the arenaviruses is Lassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of Lassa fever that is endemic to West Africa. On the South American continent, the New World arenavirus Junin virus (JUNV), Machupo (MACV), Guanarito (GTOV), and Sabia virus (SABV) have emerged as causative agents of severe VHFs. Clinical and experimental studies on arenavirus VHF have revealed a crucial role of the endothelium in their pathogenesis. However, in contrast to other VHFs, haemorrhages are not a salient feature of Lassa fever and fatal cases do not show overt destruction of vascular tissue.The functional alteration of the vascular endothelium that precede shock and death in fatal Lassa fever may be due to more subtle direct or indirect effects of the virus on endothelial cells. Haemorrhagic disease manifestations and vascular involvement are more pronounced in the VHF caused by the South American haemorrhagic fever viruses. Recent studies on JUNV revealed perturbation of specific endothelial cell function, including expression of cell adhesion molecules, coagulation factors, and vasoactive mediators as a consequence of productive viral infection.These studies provided first possible links to some of the vascular abnormalities observed in patients; however, their relevance in vivo remains to be investigated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document