scholarly journals Q Fever in the United States: Summary of Case Reports from Two National Surveillance Systems, 2000–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Scott Dahlgren ◽  
Alicia D. Anderson ◽  
Robert F. Massung ◽  
Jennifer H. McQuiston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
National Surveillance

scholarly journals Occupationally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: National Case Surveillance Data During 20 Years of the HIV Epidemic in the United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann N. Do ◽  
Carol A. Ciesielski ◽  
Russ P. Metler ◽  
Teresa A. Hammett ◽  
Jianmin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

AbstractObjective:To characterize occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection detected through case surveillance efforts in the United States.Design:National surveillance systems, based on voluntary case reporting.Setting:Healthcare or laboratory (clinical or research) settings.Patients:Healthcare workers, defined as individuals employed in healthcare or laboratory settings (including students and trainees), who are infected with HIV.Methods:Review of data reported through December 2001 in the HIV/AIDS Reporting System and the National Surveillance for Occupationally Acquired HIV Infection.Results:Of 57 healthcare workers with documented occupationally acquired HIV infection, most (86%) were exposed to blood, and most (88%) had percutaneous injuries. The circumstances varied among 51 percutaneous injuries, with the largest proportion (41%) occurring after a procedure, 35% occurring during a procedure, and 20% occurring during disposal of sharp objects. Unexpected circumstances difficult to anticipate during or after procedures accounted for 20% of all injuries. Of 55 known source patients, most (69%) had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the time of occupational exposure, but some (11%) had asymptomatic HIV infection. Eight (14%) of the healthcare workers were infected despite receiving postexposure prophylaxis (PEP).Conclusions:Prevention strategies for occupationally acquired HIV infection should continue to emphasize avoiding blood exposures. Healthcare workers should be educated about both the benefits and the limitations of PEP, which does not always prevent HIV infection following an exposure. Technologic advances (eg, safety-engineered devices) may further enhance safety in the healthcare workplace

scholarly journals Surveillance of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Youth and Adults in the United States: History and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S6-S24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Omura ◽  
Geoffrey P. Whitfield ◽  
Tiffany J. Chen ◽  
Eric T. Hyde ◽  
Emily N. Ussery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Activity Measures ◽  
State And Local

Background: Surveillance is a core function of public health, and approaches to national surveillance of physical activity and sedentary behavior have evolved over the past 2 decades. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of surveillance of physical activity and sedentary behavior in the United States over the past 2 decades, along with related challenges and emerging opportunities. Methods: The authors reviewed key national surveillance systems for the assessment of physical activity and sedentary behavior among youth and adults in the United States between 2000 and 2019. Results: Over the past 20 years, 8 surveillance systems have assessed physical activity, and 5 of those have assessed sedentary behavior. Three of the 8 originated in nonpublic health agencies. Most systems have assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior via surveys. However, survey questions varied over time within and also across systems, resulting in a wide array of available data. Conclusion: The evolving nature of physical activity surveillance in the United States has resulted in both broad challenges (eg, balancing content with survey space; providing data at the national, state, and local level; adapting traditional physical activity measures and survey designs; and addressing variation across surveillance systems) and related opportunities.

NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE AND THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN Q FEVER IN THE UNITED STATES, 1978–2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER H. McQUISTON ◽  
ROBERT C. HOLMAN ◽  
CANDACE L. McCALL ◽  
JAMES E. CHILDS ◽  
DAVID L. SWERDLOW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Surveillance

scholarly journals 354. The Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Acanthamoeba Disease in the United States, 1956–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S246-S246
Author(s):  
Kevin O’Laughlin ◽  
Jennifer R Cope ◽  
Zachary A Marsh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Free Living Ameba ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract Background Acanthamoeba is a free-living ameba found worldwide in soil and water that can cause severe illness. Transmission is thought to be through the skin, eyes, or lungs; Acanthamoeba can cause disseminated infection (Acanthamoeba disease) in addition to the more widely recognized Acanthamoeba keratitis. Infections however are rare, and only case reports or small case series have been published. We review Acanthamoeba disease cases from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) free-living ameba registry to characterize the disease in the United States. Methods CDC maintains a free-living ameba (FLA) registry of laboratory-confirmed Acanthamoeba cases (excluding keratitis) sourced from published case reports, CDC case report forms, and CDC laboratory results. SAS© version 9.4 software was used to calculate descriptive statistics and frequencies. Results We identified 163 cases of Acanthamoeba disease between 1956 and 2018. Of cases with documented outcome, 85% were fatal (105/124). Most (88%) cases were in patients who were immunocompromised (136/155): 66 people living with HIV (of whom 49 were classified as having AIDS); 33 recipients of organ transplantation; 30 people diagnosed with malignancy. The most common manifestation of disease was encephalitis (49%). Other clinical presentations included cutaneous lesions (20%) and rhinosinusitis (6%); 40 cases involved multiple organ systems. Median patient age was 42 years (range 0–83 years). Males accounted for 71% (114/160) of cases. California (29) and Texas (14) had the most case reports; 30 other states reported cases. The source of exposure was unknown in most cases (75%); soil and water were documented in 14 and 17 cases, respectively. Conclusion Acanthamoeba disease in the United States is primarily characterized by encephalitis and cutaneous lesions that affect predominately immunocompromised individuals. Acanthamoeba as a cause of encephalitis in immunocompromised patients should be considered by clinicians, which may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Special Article: National Surveillance of Dialysis-Associated Diseases in the United States, 2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Finelli ◽  
Jeremy T. Miller ◽  
Jerome I. Tokars ◽  
Miriam J. Alter ◽  
Matthew J. Arduino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Associated Diseases

Aflatoxin B1: Its Role in the Etiology of Reye's Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nell J. Ryan ◽  
Gwendolyn R. Hogan ◽  
A. Wallace Hayes ◽  
Peter D. Unger ◽  
Mohamed V. Siraj
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reye's Syndrome ◽  
Autopsy Specimens

Seven cases of Reye's syndrome in which aflatoxin B1 was isolated from the blood or liver or both are presented. In two cases aflatoxin B1 was found in the blood during the acute phase of the disease; a finding not previously reported. In six cases aflatoxin B1 was recovered from autopsy specimens of liver. A number of case reports linking aflatoxin B1 to Reye's syndrome have appeared in the literature but until now only one case has been reported from the United States. Aflatoxin B1 and its possible role in the etiology of Reye's syndrome is discussed. It is concluded that Reye's syndrome is the result of multiple interrelated factors.

scholarly journals Restaurant Policies and Practices Related to Norovirus Outbreak Size and Duration

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1607-1618
Author(s):  
E. RICKAMER HOOVER ◽  
NICOLE HEDEEN ◽  
AMY FREELAND ◽  
ANITA KAMBHAMPATI ◽  
DANIEL DEWEY-MATTIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Safety Certification ◽  
Food Safety Training ◽  
Outbreak Size ◽  
Policies And Practices

ABSTRACT Norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States, and restaurants are the most common setting of foodborne norovirus outbreaks. Therefore, prevention and control of restaurant-related foodborne norovirus outbreaks is critical to lowering the burden of foodborne illness in the United States. Data for 124 norovirus outbreaks and outbreak restaurants were obtained from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance systems and analyzed to identify relationships between restaurant characteristics and outbreak size and duration. Findings showed that restaurant characteristics, policies, and practices were linked with both outbreak size and outbreak duration. Compared with their counterparts, restaurants that had smaller outbreaks had the following characteristics: managers received food safety certification, managers and workers received food safety training, food workers wore gloves, and restaurants had cleaning policies. In addition, restaurants that provided food safety training to managers, served food items requiring less complex food preparation, and had fewer managers had shorter outbreaks compared with their counterparts. These findings suggest that restaurant characteristics play a role in norovirus outbreak prevention and intervention; therefore, implementing food safety training, policies, and practices likely reduces norovirus transmission, leading to smaller or shorter outbreaks. HIGHLIGHTS

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