scholarly journals Integrated Cross-Sectional Multiplex Serosurveillance of IgG Antibody Responses to Parasitic Diseases and Vaccines in Coastal Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammy M. Njenga ◽  
Henry M. Kanyi ◽  
Benjamin F. Arnold ◽  
Sultani H. Matendechero ◽  
Joyce K. Onsongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coastal Kenya

scholarly journals Multiplex serologic testing within a cross-sectional lymphatic filariasis sentinel site survey in coastal Kenya reveals community-level differences in IgG antibody responses to parasitic diseases and vaccines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammy M. Njenga ◽  
Henry M. Kanyi ◽  
Benjamin F. Arnold ◽  
Hadley S. Matendechero ◽  
Joyce K. Onsongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Sentinel Site ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Multiplex Bead

AbstractAccurate, cost-effective measurement of the burden of co-endemic infections would enable public health managers to identify opportunities for implementation of integrated control programs. Dried blood spots (DBS) collected during a cross-sectional lymphatic filariasis sentinel site survey in the Kenyan coastal counties of Lamu, Tana River, Kilifi, Kwale, and Taita-Taveta were used for the integrated detection of serologic IgG antibodies against antigens from several parasitic infections (Wuchereria bancrofti,Schistosoma mansoni,Plasmodiumspp,Ascaris lumbricoides, andStrongyloides stercoralis) as well as markers for immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases (measles, diphtheria, and tetanus) on a multiplex bead assay (MBA) platform. High heterogeneity was observed in antibody responses by pathogen and antigen across the sentinel sites. Antibody seroprevalence against Wb123, Bm14, and Bm33 recombinant filarial antigens were generally higher in Ndau Island (p<0.0001), which also had the highest prevalence of filarial antigenemia compared to other communities. Antibody responses to thePlasmodiumspecies antigens CSP and MSP-119were higher in Kilifi and Kwale counties, with Jaribuni community showing higher overall mean seroprevalence (p<0.0001). Kimorigo community in Taita-Taveta County was the only area where antibody responses againstSchistosoma mansoniSm25 recombinant antigen were detected. Seroprevalence rates toStrongyloidesantigen NIE ranged between 3% and 26%, and there was high heterogeneity in immune responses against anAscarisantigen among the study communities. Differences were observed between communities in terms of seroprevalence to vaccine-preventable diseases. Seroprotection to tetanus was lower in all 3 communities in Kwale County compared to the rest of the communities. This study has demonstrated that the MBA platform holds promise for rapid integrated monitoring of trends of infections of public health importance in endemic areas, and assessing the effectiveness of control and elimination programs.Author SummaryEstablishment of successful private-public partnerships in the recent past has led to an increase in resources available for control and elimination of malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). Implementation of control and elimination programs and their subsequent monitoring and evaluation would be greatly facilitated by development of new tools and strategies for rapid identification of areas of transmission so that interventions could be prioritized to regions where they were most needed. Since development of antibody responses in a host depend on exposure to an infectious agent, assessment of such serologic markers provides a sensitive way to measure differences between populations in pathogen exposure. Our study applied a state-of-the-art multiplex bead assay platform to perform integrated measurement of antibody responses to multiple parasitic diseases and immunizing antigens for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in ten lymphatic filariasis sentinel sites across the Kenyan coastal region. A community-level analysis of age-specific and overall mean seroprevalence fit using a flexible model ensemble provided an improved understanding about the distributions of the various parasitic infections and seroprotection to VPDs. This study provides an important proof of concept for how we could dramatically increase the value of existing surveillance activities using small volumes of blood collected on filter paper and analyzed using a single multiplex laboratory assay and novel data analysis techniques.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the Immunoglobulin G antibodies (IgG and IgG subclass) responses in children (≤15 years) with severe and uncomplicated malaria in Buea, South West region, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti ◽  
Kukwah Anthony Tufon ◽  
Babila Raymond Nyasa ◽  
Fru Georgia Mbah-Mbole ◽  
Faham Khamesipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Controls

Studies assessing the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses in severe malaria are not readily available. This study was designed to compare the IgG and IgG1-4 antibody responses in severe malaria and its major clinical presentations (cerebral malaria, severe malarial anemia and respiratory distress) in children (≤15 years) in Buea, Cameroon. In a hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study, children presenting for consultation at the outpatient department/Emergency unit of the Buea Regional Hospital were enrolled and assigned into one of three groups: severe malaria, uncomplicated malaria and negative controls. Baseline characteristics were determined; blood glucose level was measured by glucometer, complete blood count was performed using an automated heamatology analyser and participants were screened for malaria parasites by light microscopy and severe malaria was categorized based on WHO criteria. Total IgG and IgG1-4 antibodies were measured using standard ELISA with Plasmodium falciparum 19-KDa C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 (P.fMSP-119) antigen as capture antigen. A total of 236 participants were enrolled comprising: 66 severe malaria, 70 uncomplicated malaria and 100 negative controls. The participants in the different groups were similar with regards to their ages (p=0.06) and gender (p=0.900). Children with severe malaria had significantly higher levels of anti-P.fMSP-119 IgG4 (p<0.0001) antibodies and significantly lower levels of anti-P.fMSP-119 IgG1 (p<0.0001) and IgG3 (p<0.0001) antibodies. There was no significant variation in the IgG antibody responses between the major clinical forms of severe malaria. The study finding of significantly higher levels of the non-cytophilic antibody IgG4 is suggestive of the role the antibody plays in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Larger studies investigating how these immune effector cells vary in the major phenotypes of severe malaria are recommended.

IgG reactivities against recombinant Rhoptry-Associated Protein-1 (rRAP-1) are associated with mixed Plasmodium infections and protection against disease in Tanzanian children

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ALIFRANGIS ◽  
M. M. LEMNGE ◽  
R. MOON ◽  
M. THEISEN ◽  
I. BYGBJERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Reactive Protein

A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was performed in Magoda, Tanzania, an area where malaria is holoendemic. Blood samples were collected from children (1–4 years) and tested for IgG antibody reactivity against 2 recombinant protein fragments of Plasmodium falciparum Rhoptry-Associated Protein-1 (rRAP-1). The data were related to the prevalence of malarial disease and single P. falciparum or mixed Plasmodium infections. Fever ([ges ]37·5 °C) in combination with parasite densities >5000/μl were used to distinguish between children with asymptomatic malaria infections and those with acute clinical disease. Furthermore, C-reactive protein (CRP) was applied as a surrogate marker of malaria morbidity. The prevalence of Plasmodium infections was 96·0%. Eleven children were defined as clinical malaria cases, all with single P. falciparum infections. The density of P. falciparum was significantly lower in children with mixed Plasmodium infections compared to those with single P. falciparum infections. Children with asymptomatic P. falciparum infections had higher IgG reactivities to rRAP-1, compared to IgG reactivities of children with malarial disease. Children with mixed Plasmodium infections generally showed elevated IgG reactivity to rRAP-1, when compared to children with single P. falciparum infections. The possible relationship between mixed species infections, clinical outcome of the disease and antibody responses to RAP-1 is discussed.

Expression ofPlasmodium falciparum3D7 STEVOR proteins for evaluation of antibody responses following malaria infections in naïve infants

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SCHREIBER ◽  
A. KHATTAB ◽  
M. PETTER ◽  
F. MARKS ◽  
S. ADJEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Families ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multicopy Gene ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Sectional Analysis

SUMMARYClinical immunity toPlasmodium falciparummalaria develops after repeated exposure to the parasite. At least 2P. falciparumvariant antigens encoded by multicopy gene families (varandrif) are targets of this adaptive antibody-mediated immunity. A third multigene family of variant antigens comprises thestevorgenes. Here, 4 differentstevorsequences were selected for cloning and expression inEscherichia coliand His6–tagged fusion proteins were used for assessing the development of immunity. In a cross-sectional analysis of clinically immune adults living in a malaria endemic area in Ghana, high levels of anti-STEVOR IgG antibody titres were determined in ELISA. A cross-sectional study of 90 nine-month-old Ghanaian infants using 1 recombinant STEVOR showed that the antibody responses correlated positively with the number of parasitaemia episodes. In a longitudinal investigation of 17 immunologically naïve 9-month-old infants, 3 different patterns of anti-STEVOR antibody responses could be distinguished (high, transient and low). Children with high anti-STEVOR-antibody levels exhibited an elevated risk for developing parasitaemia episodes. Overall, a protective effect could not be attributed to antibodies against the STEVOR proteins chosen for the study presented here.

scholarly journals Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection at the University of Barcelona during the Third COVID-19 Pandemic Wave in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6526
Author(s):  
Sebastián Videla ◽  
Aurema Otero ◽  
Sara Martí ◽  
M. Ángeles Domínguez ◽  
Nuria Fabrellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic started in December 2019 and still is a major global health challenge. Lockdown measures and social distancing sparked a global shift towards online learning, which deeply impacted universities’ daily life, and the University of Barcelona (UB) was not an exception. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at the UB. To that end, we performed a cross-sectional study on a sample of 2784 UB members (n = 52,529). Participants answered a brief, ad hoc, online epidemiological questionnaire and provided a nasal swab for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) SARS-CoV-2 analysis and a venous blood sample for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody assay. Total prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (positive RT-PCR or positive IgG) was 14.9% (95%CI 13.3 to 17.0%). Forty-four participants (1.6%, 95%CI: 1.2–2.1%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. IgG against SARS-CoV-2 was observed in 12.8% (95%CI: 11.6–14.1%) of participants. Overall, while waiting for population vaccination and/or increased herd immunity, we should concentrate on identifying and isolating new cases and their contacts.

scholarly journals Identification of Ocular and Auditory Manifestations of Congenital Rubella Syndrome in Mbingo

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Jivraj ◽  
Chris J. Rudnisky ◽  
Emmanuel Tambe ◽  
Graham Tipple ◽  
Matthew T. S. Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Glaucoma ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Purpose. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a global cause of preventable hearing impairment, blindness, and intellectual impairment. The present study sought to identify ocular and auditory manifestations of CRS in school-aged children in Mbingo, Cameroon.Design. Cross sectional study.Subjects. Students at two schools, one for children with hearing impairment, were screened for cataract, congenital glaucoma, and pigmentary retinopathy.Methods. Students underwent seven-field digital fundus photography through a dilated pupil using a Topcon NW200 nonmydriatic camera. Images were assessed by retina specialists in Canada via teleophthalmology. Clinical evidence was integrated to form case definitions for CRS based on Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Serological evidence of rubella infection was obtained using standardized IgG antibody titers.Main Outcome Measure. Number of probable and suspicious cases of CRS.Results. Between September 2009 and May 2010, 320 students participated. There were 28 (10.2%) probable cases, 104 (37.8%) suspects, and 143 (52.0%) unaffected. Rubella IgG serology was positive in 79 (48.7%) of children with hearing impairment and 11 (7.4%) of children with normal hearing.Conclusions. The present study identified 28 probable cases of CRS. Furthermore, 92.6% of students with normal hearing did not possess rubella IgG antibodies making future cases of CRS likely without intervention.

Specific IgE and IgG antibody responses in children to timothy pollen components during immunotherapy

Allergy ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. NORDVALL ◽  
B. RENCK ◽  
R. EINARSSON
Keyword(s):  
Specific Ige ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Igg Antibody

Cross-sectional Analysis of Serum Antibody to Oral Streptococcal Antigens in Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Luo ◽  
D.J. Smith ◽  
M.A. Taubman ◽  
W.F. King
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Streptococcal Species ◽  
Micro Organisms

Antibodies to S. salivarius, S. sanguis, and S. mutans cells and to glucosyltransferases (GTF) prepared from these micro-organisms were measured in the sera of 133 infants and children by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG antibody activity to each cell type and GTF was present at birth (presumably derived from maternal transfer) and declined significantly thereafter. IgG antibody levels to S. salivarius and S. sanguis were next detected in young children (2 to < 3 yr group). However, an increase in IgG antibody to S. mutans cells was not seen until children were older ( 4 to < 8 yr group), possibly reflecting the later colonization of this organism. In contrast, IgG antibody to GTF of all three streptococcal species remained at low levels throughout the first four years of life. IgG antibody to S. mutans GTF was then the first to appear ( 4 to < 8 yr group). Serum IgA antibodies to all GTFs were not detected until after this time. Fifteen sera were used to develop IgG immunoblots with the GTF antigens. Some positive sera (7/12) demonstrated reaction(s) with GTF from each of the three streptococcal species. Individual sera showed IgG antibody bands to GTF from several serotypes of the mutans streptococci. No immunoblot reaction was observed with GTF and sera (3) from the four-to-seven-year and younger age groups. These results indicate the presence of serum antibody to bacteria and bacterial products associated with plaque formation very early in life and during and after the pre-adolescent years. The potential exists for this serum antibody to modulate bacterial colonization or accumulation in the oral cavity.

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