scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the Immunoglobulin G antibodies (IgG and IgG subclass) responses in children (≤15 years) with severe and uncomplicated malaria in Buea, South West region, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti ◽  
Kukwah Anthony Tufon ◽  
Babila Raymond Nyasa ◽  
Fru Georgia Mbah-Mbole ◽  
Faham Khamesipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Controls

Studies assessing the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses in severe malaria are not readily available. This study was designed to compare the IgG and IgG1-4 antibody responses in severe malaria and its major clinical presentations (cerebral malaria, severe malarial anemia and respiratory distress) in children (≤15 years) in Buea, Cameroon. In a hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study, children presenting for consultation at the outpatient department/Emergency unit of the Buea Regional Hospital were enrolled and assigned into one of three groups: severe malaria, uncomplicated malaria and negative controls. Baseline characteristics were determined; blood glucose level was measured by glucometer, complete blood count was performed using an automated heamatology analyser and participants were screened for malaria parasites by light microscopy and severe malaria was categorized based on WHO criteria. Total IgG and IgG1-4 antibodies were measured using standard ELISA with Plasmodium falciparum 19-KDa C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 (P.fMSP-119) antigen as capture antigen. A total of 236 participants were enrolled comprising: 66 severe malaria, 70 uncomplicated malaria and 100 negative controls. The participants in the different groups were similar with regards to their ages (p=0.06) and gender (p=0.900). Children with severe malaria had significantly higher levels of anti-P.fMSP-119 IgG4 (p<0.0001) antibodies and significantly lower levels of anti-P.fMSP-119 IgG1 (p<0.0001) and IgG3 (p<0.0001) antibodies. There was no significant variation in the IgG antibody responses between the major clinical forms of severe malaria. The study finding of significantly higher levels of the non-cytophilic antibody IgG4 is suggestive of the role the antibody plays in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Larger studies investigating how these immune effector cells vary in the major phenotypes of severe malaria are recommended.

scholarly journals Application of 23 novel serological markers for identifying recent exposure to Plasmodium vivax parasites in an endemic population of western Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadudee Chotirat ◽  
Narimane Nekkab ◽  
Chalermpon Kumpitak ◽  
Jenni Hietanen ◽  
Michael T White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThailand is aiming for malaria elimination by the year 2030. However, the high proportion of asymptomatic infections and the presence of the hidden hypnozoite stage of Plasmodium vivax are impeding these efforts. We hypothesized that a validated surveillance tool utilizing serological markers of recent exposure to P. vivax infection could help to identify areas of ongoing transmission. The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the ability of P. vivax serological exposure markers to detect residual transmission ‘hot-spots’ in Western Thailand. Total IgG levels were measured against a panel of 23 candidate P. vivax serological exposure markers using a multiplexed bead-based assay. A total of 4255 plasma samples from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012 of endemic areas in the Kanchanaburi and Ratchaburi provinces were assayed. We compared IgG levels with multiple epidemiological factors that are associated with an increased risk of P. vivax infection in Thailand, including age, gender and spatial location, as well as Plasmodium infection status itself. IgG levels to all proteins were significantly higher in the presence of a P. vivax infection (n=144) (t test, p<0.0001). Overall seropositivity rates varied from 2.5% (PVX_097625, merozoite surface protein 8) to 16.8% (PVX_082670, merozoite surface protein 7), with 43% of individuals seropositive to at least 1 protein. Higher IgG levels were associated with older age (>18 years, p<0.05) and males (17/23 proteins, p<0.05), supporting the paradigm that men have a higher risk of infection than females in this setting. We used a Random Forests algorithm to predict which individuals had exposure to P. vivax parasites in the last 9-months, based on their IgG antibody levels to a panel of 8 previously validated P. vivax proteins. Spatial clustering was observed at the village and regional level, with a moderate correlation between PCR prevalence and sero-prevalence as predicted by the algorithm. Our data provides proof-of-concept for application of such surrogate markers as evidence of recent exposure in low transmission areas. These data can be used to better identify geographical areas with asymptomatic infection burdens that can be targeted in elimination campaigns.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis of Cryptosporidium Species-Specific Immunoglobulin G Antibody Responses in Peruvian Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Priest ◽  
Caryn Bern ◽  
Lihua Xiao ◽  
Jacquelin M. Roberts ◽  
James P. Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium species are ubiquitous in the environment and are frequently detected in the stools of children who live where sanitation conditions are poor. To better characterize the immune response to these parasites, we monitored immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels in a cohort of children from Lima, Peru. Two new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on the C. parvum (bovine, subtype IIa) Iowa strain 17-kDa and 27-kDa antigens were used to measure IgG antibody levels in longitudinal serum samples. Antibody responses were detected during infections with C. parvum, C. felis, and C. meleagridis and with four different subtypes of C. hominis. We also noted that the magnitude of the antibody response was related to the number of previous infections and that older children generally had higher levels of antibodies to the two C. parvum antigens. Antibody responses were not associated with infections with either Cyclospora sp. or Giardia sp. We believe the antibody assays will be important tools for monitoring the success of future public health interventions.

scholarly journals Protective Immune Responses to the 42-Kilodalton (kDa) Region of Plasmodium yoelii Merozoite Surface Protein 1 Are Induced by the C-Terminal 19-kDa Region but Not by the Adjacent 33-kDa Region

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Ahlborg ◽  
Irene T. Ling ◽  
Wendy Howard ◽  
Anthony A. Holder ◽  
Eleanor M. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Gene Segment ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein 1 ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Processing Product

ABSTRACT Vaccination of mice with the 42-kDa region of Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP142) or its 19-kDa C-terminal processing product (MSP119) can elicit protective antibody responses in mice. To investigate if the 33-kDa N-terminal fragment (MSP133) of MSP142 also induces protection, the gene segment encoding MSP133 was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were immunized with GST-MSP133 and subsequently challenged with the lethal P. yoelii YM blood stage parasite. GST-MSP133 failed to induce protection, and all mice developed patent parasitemia at a level similar to that in naive or control (GST-immunized) mice; mice immunized with GST-MSP119 were protected, as has been shown previously. Specific prechallenge immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to MSP1 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. Despite being unprotected, several mice immunized with MSP133 had antibody titers (of all IgG subclasses) that were comparable to or higher than those in mice that were protected following immunization with MSP119. The finding that P. yoelii MSP133 elicits strong but nonprotective antibody responses may have implications for the design of vaccines for humans based on Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax MSP142.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Immunoglobulin G Subclass Polarization in Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Proteins: a Cross-Sectional Survey in Brazilian Amazonia

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 810-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kézia K. G. Scopel ◽  
Cor J. F. Fontes ◽  
Marcelo U. Ferreira ◽  
Érika M. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Falciparum Merozoite ◽  
Immunoglobulin G Subclass ◽  
Current Exposure

ABSTRACT We investigated immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and MSP-2 in 112 malaria-exposed subjects in Brazil. IgG3 polarization was primarily epitope driven, being little affected by cumulative or current exposure to malaria and not affected by a subject's age and Fcγ receptor IIA genotype.

scholarly journals Application of 23 Novel Serological Markers for Identifying Recent Exposure to Plasmodium vivax Parasites in an Endemic Population of Western Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadudee Chotirat ◽  
Narimane Nekkab ◽  
Chalermpon Kumpitak ◽  
Jenni Hietanen ◽  
Michael T. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

Thailand is aiming for malaria elimination by the year 2030. However, the high proportion of asymptomatic infections and the presence of the hidden hypnozoite stage of Plasmodium vivax are impeding these efforts. We hypothesized that a validated surveillance tool utilizing serological markers of recent exposure to P. vivax infection could help to identify areas of ongoing transmission. The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the ability of P. vivax serological exposure markers to detect residual transmission “hot-spots” in Western Thailand. Total IgG levels were measured against a panel of 23 candidate P. vivax serological exposure markers using a multiplexed bead-based assay. A total of 4,255 plasma samples from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012 of endemic areas in the Kanchanaburi and Ratchaburi provinces were assayed. We compared IgG levels with multiple epidemiological factors that are associated with an increased risk of P. vivax infection in Thailand, including age, gender, and spatial location, as well as Plasmodium infection status itself. IgG levels to all proteins were significantly higher in the presence of a P. vivax infection (n = 144) (T-test, p &lt; 0.0001). Overall seropositivity rates varied from 2.5% (PVX_097625, merozoite surface protein 8) to 16.8% (PVX_082670, merozoite surface protein 7), with 43% of individuals seropositive to at least 1 protein. Higher IgG levels were associated with older age (&gt;18 years, p &lt; 0.05) and males (17/23 proteins, p &lt; 0.05), supporting the paradigm that men have a higher risk of infection than females in this setting. We used a Random Forests algorithm to predict which individuals had exposure to P. vivax parasites in the last 9-months, based on their IgG antibody levels to a panel of eight previously validated P. vivax proteins. Spatial clustering was observed at the village and regional level, with a moderate correlation between PCR prevalence and sero-prevalence as predicted by the algorithm. Our data provides proof-of-concept for application of such surrogate markers as evidence of recent exposure in low transmission areas. These data can be used to better identify geographical areas with asymptomatic infection burdens that can be targeted in elimination campaigns.

scholarly journals Protein-energy malnutrition and malaria antiboby profiles in pre-school children in western Kenya: A potential diagnostic tool

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (50) ◽  
pp. 5881-5894
Author(s):  
AM Kwena ◽  
◽  
J Wakhisi
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
High Prevalence

Protein-energy malnutrition is a serious clinical condition with high prevalence in areas where Plasmodium falciparum is highly endemic such as western Kenya. There is a major need to determine the relationship between PEM and malaria antibody profiles especially in an area where malaria is endemic. The objective of this work, therefore, was to determine the association between PEM and specific malaria antibodies and the potential diagnostic value of the antibodies in children aged between 5 and 59 months. Cross- sectional surveys as well as analysis of sera for specific malaria antibodies were carried out at Asembo Division, Bondo District, Kisumu County, Nyanza Province. A total of sixty villages identified through random sampling with each household as the sampling unit were used for data collection. Two thousand, one hundred and twelve (2112) Children < 5 years of age were sampled in three successive cross- sectional surveys: The first survey included children < 3 years of age while the subsequent two surveys included children < 5 years of age. Anthropometric measurements were carried out followed by finger prick blood sample for assay of antibodies in sera of the study children. Statistical variables (Odds Ratio, at 95% CI) were determined using SPSS 11 and SAS computer packages. Both Multivariate and Bivariate analyses were carried out. Epi-info 2002 package was used to determine anthropometric variables. Demographic variables and malaria parasite counts were determined for all the children sampled. Circumsporozoite Surface Protein (CSP) IgG antibody was found to be significantly associated with stunting and underweight (p<0.05) but not with wasting. Liver Stage Antigen (LSA) IgG antibody was significantly associated with wasting only (p<0.05) while Merozoite Surface Protein (MSP) IgG antibody was not significantly associated with any malnutrition state. The mean concentration of CSP IgG was elevated in stunted, wasted and underweight in comparison to controls. Liverstage antigen 1 IgG was elevated in stunted children only as compared to controls, whereas MSP IgG was low in all PEM cases as compared to controls. Specific Plasmodium falciparum antibody profiles could accurately be used to determine the association between malaria and Protein Energy Malnutrition.

scholarly journals Integrated Cross-Sectional Multiplex Serosurveillance of IgG Antibody Responses to Parasitic Diseases and Vaccines in Coastal Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammy M. Njenga ◽  
Henry M. Kanyi ◽  
Benjamin F. Arnold ◽  
Sultani H. Matendechero ◽  
Joyce K. Onsongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coastal Kenya

IgG reactivities against recombinant Rhoptry-Associated Protein-1 (rRAP-1) are associated with mixed Plasmodium infections and protection against disease in Tanzanian children

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ALIFRANGIS ◽  
M. M. LEMNGE ◽  
R. MOON ◽  
M. THEISEN ◽  
I. BYGBJERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Reactive Protein

A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was performed in Magoda, Tanzania, an area where malaria is holoendemic. Blood samples were collected from children (1–4 years) and tested for IgG antibody reactivity against 2 recombinant protein fragments of Plasmodium falciparum Rhoptry-Associated Protein-1 (rRAP-1). The data were related to the prevalence of malarial disease and single P. falciparum or mixed Plasmodium infections. Fever ([ges ]37·5 °C) in combination with parasite densities >5000/μl were used to distinguish between children with asymptomatic malaria infections and those with acute clinical disease. Furthermore, C-reactive protein (CRP) was applied as a surrogate marker of malaria morbidity. The prevalence of Plasmodium infections was 96·0%. Eleven children were defined as clinical malaria cases, all with single P. falciparum infections. The density of P. falciparum was significantly lower in children with mixed Plasmodium infections compared to those with single P. falciparum infections. Children with asymptomatic P. falciparum infections had higher IgG reactivities to rRAP-1, compared to IgG reactivities of children with malarial disease. Children with mixed Plasmodium infections generally showed elevated IgG reactivity to rRAP-1, when compared to children with single P. falciparum infections. The possible relationship between mixed species infections, clinical outcome of the disease and antibody responses to RAP-1 is discussed.

Expression ofPlasmodium falciparum3D7 STEVOR proteins for evaluation of antibody responses following malaria infections in naïve infants

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SCHREIBER ◽  
A. KHATTAB ◽  
M. PETTER ◽  
F. MARKS ◽  
S. ADJEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Families ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multicopy Gene ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Sectional Analysis

SUMMARYClinical immunity toPlasmodium falciparummalaria develops after repeated exposure to the parasite. At least 2P. falciparumvariant antigens encoded by multicopy gene families (varandrif) are targets of this adaptive antibody-mediated immunity. A third multigene family of variant antigens comprises thestevorgenes. Here, 4 differentstevorsequences were selected for cloning and expression inEscherichia coliand His6–tagged fusion proteins were used for assessing the development of immunity. In a cross-sectional analysis of clinically immune adults living in a malaria endemic area in Ghana, high levels of anti-STEVOR IgG antibody titres were determined in ELISA. A cross-sectional study of 90 nine-month-old Ghanaian infants using 1 recombinant STEVOR showed that the antibody responses correlated positively with the number of parasitaemia episodes. In a longitudinal investigation of 17 immunologically naïve 9-month-old infants, 3 different patterns of anti-STEVOR antibody responses could be distinguished (high, transient and low). Children with high anti-STEVOR-antibody levels exhibited an elevated risk for developing parasitaemia episodes. Overall, a protective effect could not be attributed to antibodies against the STEVOR proteins chosen for the study presented here.

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