Microfluidic Simulation of Diesel Exhaust Gas and Soot Oxidation in Diesel Particulate Filter

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Yamamoto ◽  
Yasunari Hanaki
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Diesel Particulate

scholarly journals Nanostructure changes in diesel soot during NO2–O2 oxidation under diesel particulate filter-like conditions toward filter regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 953-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Singh ◽  
Mek Srilomsak ◽  
Yujun Wang ◽  
Katsunori Hanamura ◽  
Randy Vander Wal
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Diesel Soot ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Fringe Analysis ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Passive Regeneration

Development of the regeneration process on diesel particulate filters requires a better understanding of soot oxidation phenomena, especially its relation to soot nanostructure. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is known to play an essential role in passive regeneration by oxidizing soot at low temperatures, especially in the presence of oxygen (O2) in the exhaust. However, change in soot nanostructure due to oxidation by NO2–O2 mixtures has not received much attention. This work focuses on nanostructure evolution during passive regeneration of the diesel particulate filter by oxidation of soot at normal exhaust gas temperatures (300°C–400°C). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of partially oxidized model carbons (R250, M1300, arc-generated soot) and diesel soot under NO2–O2 mixtures is used to investigate physical changes in nanostructure correlating with the material’s behavior during oxidation. Microscopy reveals the changing nanostructure of model carbons during oxidation while fringe analysis of the images points to the differences in the structural metrics of fringe length and tortuosity of the resultant structures. The variation in oxidation rates highlights the inter-dependence of the material’s reactivity with its structure. NO2 preferentially oxidizes edge-site carbon, promotes surface oxidation by altering the particle’s burning mode with increased overall reactivity of NO2+O2 resulting in inhibition of internal burning, typically observed by O2 at exhaust gas temperatures.

Experimental Analysis of Sudden Pressure Increase Phenomenon by Real-Time Internal Observation of Diesel Particulate Filter

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Fukui ◽  
Yuki Okamoto ◽  
Masayuki Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Visualization Method ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Wide Perspective ◽  
Deposit Layer

As a way of reducing the amount of particulate matter (PM) contained in the exhaust gas, diesel particulate filter (DPF) is widely used. To keep the condition of DPF normal and effective, estimation of the amount of PM deposits in the DPF is important. The estimation is mainly conducted based on the value of pressure drop across the DPF. Occasionally, the value of the pressure drop rises suddenly and it leads to overestimation of the amount of PM deposits. In order to elucidate the cause of the sudden pressure drop increase phenomenon, this paper first reveals the engine operating conditions which invoke this phenomenon. The authors also have developed a visualization method to realize the wide-perspective internal observation of the DPF. The observation experiment has been conducted with a commercial engine and DPF under the revealed conditions. Experimental results make clear that the phenomenon is caused by PM deposit layer collapse and channel plugging.

Cylinder Pressure Information-Based Postinjection Timing Control for Aftertreatment System Regeneration in a Diesel Engine—Part II: Active Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Lee ◽  
Jaesik Shin ◽  
Manbae Han ◽  
Myoungho Sunwoo
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Dpf Regeneration ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

The successful utilization of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) to reduce particulate matter (PM) in a passenger car diesel engine necessitates a periodic regeneration of the DPF catalyst without deterioration of the drivability and emission control performance. For successful active DPF regeneration, the exhaust gas temperature should be over 500 °C to oxidize the soot loaded in the DPF. Previous research increased the exhaust gas temperature by applying early and late post fuel injection with a look-up table (LUT) based feedforward control implemented into the engine management system (EMS). However, this method requires enormous calibration work to find the optimal timing and quantity of the main, early, and late post fuel injection with less certainty of accurate torque control. To address this issue, we propose a cylinder pressure based multiple fuel injection (MFI) control method for active DPF regeneration. The feedback control of the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), lambda, and DPF upstream temperature was applied to precisely control the injection quantity of the main, early, and late post fuel injection. To determine their fuel injection timings, a mass fraction burned 60% after location of the rate of heat release maximum (MFB60aLoROHRmax) was proposed based on the cylinder pressure information. The proposed control method was implemented in an in-house EMS and validated at several engine operating conditions. During the regeneration period, the exhaust gas temperature tracked the desired temperature, and the engine torque fluctuation was minimized with minimal PM and NOx emissions.

scholarly journals Methodology of diesel particulate filter testing on test bed for non-road engine application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Sala ◽  
Kamil Kołek ◽  
Witold Konior
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Aftertreatment ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Aftertreatment System ◽  
Exhaust Aftertreatment System ◽  
Emission Performance ◽  
Dpf Regeneration

This paper describes the methodology and test results of diesel particulate filter (DPF) functional testing performed on non-road compression ignition engine installed on test bed. The scope of work included testing of various DPF regeneration strategies, backpressure and balance point tests and emission performance evaluation during a legislative test cycles. The aim of this study was to observe and investigate the influence of exhaust gas parameters on DPF functionality in terms of soot loading, type and duration of the regeneration and emission performance. Under investigation was also the capability of soot burning rate. The DPF sample under test was part of the complete exhaust aftertreatment system (ATS) which consisted of: a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a DPF and a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR). Testing was carried out on a heavy-duty diesel engine installed on a test stand with a dynamic dynamometer and equipped with an emission bench. The test program allowed to assess the engine matching to exhaust aftertreatment system with regard to emissions compliance, in-service operation and necessary engine control unit (ECU) calibration works. The results show the influence of the DPF regeneration strategy on its duration and on the soot mass burn rate. Passive DPF regeneration was a favorable mode of DPF cleaning, due to lack of fuel penalty and lower aging impact on the entire ATS. Optimization of soot flow rate, exhaust gas temperature and the chemistry of the DOC/DPF was further recommended to ensure the long-term durability of the entire system.

A Physically-Based, Control-Oriented Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Model for the Applications of NO/NO2 Ratio Estimation Using a NOx Sensor

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Feng Hsieh ◽  
Junmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

This paper presents a physically-based, control-oriented Diesel particulate filter (DPF) model for the purposes of NO and NO2 concentration estimations in Diesel engine aftertreatment systems. The presence of NO2 in exhaust gas plays an important role in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) NOx reduction efficiency. However, current NOx cannot differentiate NO and NO2 from the total NOx concentration. A model which can be used to estimate NO and NO2concentrations in exhaust gas flowing into the SCR catalyst is thus necessary. Current aftertreatment systems for light-, medium-, and heavy-duty Diesel engines generally include Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), DPF, and SCR. The DPF related NO/NO2 dynamics was investigated in this study, and a control-oriented model was developed and validated with experimental data.

Boundary Conditions for Combustion Field and LB Simulation of Diesel Particulate Filter

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Soot Combustion ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Soot Deposition ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation

AbstractA diesel particulate filter (DPF) is a key technology to meet future emission standards of particulate matters (PM), mainly soot. It is generally consists of a wall-flow type filter positioned in the exhaust stream of a diesel vehicle. It is difficult to simulate the thermal flow in DPF, because we need to consider the soot deposition and combustion in the complex geometry of filter wall. In our previous study, we proposed an approach for the conjugate simulation of gas-solid flow. That is, the gas phase was simulated by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), coupled with the equation of heat conduction inside the solid filter substrate. However, its numerical procedure was slightly complex. In this study, to reduce numerical costs, we have tested a new boundary condition with chemical equilibrium in soot combustion at the surface of filter substrate. Based on the soot oxidation rate with catalysts evaluated in experiments, the lattice Boltzmann simulation of soot combustion in the catalyzed DPF is firstly presented to consider the process in the after-treatment of diesel exhaust gas. The heat and mass transfer is shown to discuss the effect of catalysts.

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