The Impact of Uncertainty on National Port Throughput: Evidence From European Countries

Abstract Purpose Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. Methods The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. Results Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use. Conclusion Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.

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The impact of population's educational composition on healthy life years: An empirical illustration of 16 European countries

SSM - Population Health ◽

10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100857 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100857

Author(s):

Markus Sauerberg

Keyword(s):

European Countries ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Healthy Life Years ◽

Life Years ◽

The Impact ◽

Empirical Illustration

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Impact of the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Formal and Informal Care of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cross-National Clustering of Empirical Evidence from 23 Countries

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137277 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7277

Author(s):

Aviad Tur-Sinai ◽

Netta Bentur ◽

Paolo Fabbietti ◽

Giovanni Lamura

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Home Care ◽

Informal Care ◽

Home Care Services ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

European Countries ◽

Care Services ◽

The Impact ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

Informal Help

The COVID-19 pandemic has been dramatically affecting the life of older adults with care needs and their family caregivers. This study illustrates how the initial outbreak of the pandemic changed the supply of formal and informal care to older adults in European countries and Israel and assesses the resilience of these countries in providing support to their older populations by means of a mix of both types of care. We subjected data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe COVID-19 period (SHARE-COVID-19) across 23 European countries (including Israel) to descriptive and cluster analyses. In the first wave of the outbreak, a significant proportion of older adults in European countries received informal help, with an increase in the frequency of informal help received from children, neighbors, friends, or colleagues and a decrease in that received from other relatives. In most countries, difficulties in receiving home care services from professional providers were reported. Seven clusters were identified, reflecting different combinations of changes in the formal/informal care provision. In most countries, informal care is more resilient than home care services that formal providers deliver. Since they are an essential source for sustainable care, their challenges related to care should be addressed. The impact of the pandemic does not follow the traditional characterization of welfare regimes. A clustering effort may yield more understanding of the priorities that future care policies should exhibit at the national level and may identify potential systems for policymakers to enhance sustainability of care for community-dwelling older adults.

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Cinematic Entertainment

The Oxford Handbook of Entertainment Theory ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190072216.013.30 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 557-582

Author(s):

Maite Soto-Sanfiel

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Cultural Study ◽

Uses And Gratifications ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

European Countries ◽

Communication Research ◽

Cross Cultural Study ◽

Global Increase ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Despite claims that “cinema is dead” or that it only interests nostalgic old-timers, statistics indicate a global increase in theater attendance. Not only is moviegoing still one of the favorite forms of entertainment, but it especially appeals to young people. Moreover, communication research seems to have neglected cinema, but the relationship between modern-day teenagers and the silver screen needs to be observed. This chapter reports the results of a cross-cultural study based on the uses and gratifications paradigm with youngsters from eight European countries. It presents their cinematographic uses and consumption, their motivations for going to the movies, and their preferences and conceptions regarding different movie traditions. The study also performs cross-cultural contrasts to reveal more about the impact of regional, national, and global forces on the psychological relationship between today’s teenagers and cinema.

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Government failures and non-performing loans in European countries: a spatial approach

Journal of Economic Studies ◽

10.1108/jes-01-2021-0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ferdinando Ofria ◽

Massimo Mucciardi

Keyword(s):

Public Debt ◽

Geographically Weighted Regression ◽

European Countries ◽

Weighted Regression ◽

Second Step ◽

Ols Regression ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

PurposeThe purpose is to analyze the spatially varying impacts of corruption and public debt as % of GDP (proxies of government failures) on non-performing loans (NPLs) in European countries; comparing two periods: one prior to the crisis of 2007 and another one after that. The authors first modeled the NPLs with an ordinary lest square (OLS) regression and found clear evidence of spatial instability in the distribution of the residuals. As a second step, the authors utilized the geographically weighted regression (GWR) to explore regional variations in the relationship between NPLs and the proxies of “Government failures”.Design/methodology/approachThe authors first modeled the NPL with an OLS regression and found clear evidence of spatial instability in the distribution of the residuals. As a second step, the author utilized the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) (Fotheringham et al., 2002) to explore regional variations in the relationship between NPLs and proxies of “Government failures” (corruption and public debt as % of GDP).FindingsThe results confirm that corruption and public debt as % of GDP, after the crisis of 2007, have affected significantly on NPLs of the EU countries and the following countries neighboring the EU: Switzerland, Iceland, Norway, Montenegro, and Turkey.Originality/valueIn a spatial prospective, unprecedented in the literature, this research focused on the impact of corruption and public debt as % of GDP on NPLs in European countries. The positive correlation, as expected, between public debt and NPLs highlights that fiscal problems in Eurozone countries have led to an important rise of problem loans. The impact of institutional corruption on NPLs reports that the higher the corruption, the higher is the level of NPLs.

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The Impact of Social Stereotypes on the Integration Process of Arab Immigrants in European Countries

Diogenes ◽

10.54664/eqbb2092 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Olga Stoyanova-Encheva ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

European Society ◽

European Countries ◽

Integration Process ◽

Social Stereotypes ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Arab Immigrants ◽

Sensitive Issue ◽

The Media ◽

The Impact

The manifestation of stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination on ethnic, religious and/or gender grounds is an extremely sensitive issue in contemporary European society. It influences the perception of Arab immigrants in intergroup and interpersonal relationships in many European countries. Furthermore, the lack of awareness campaigns in the media and the existing ineffective policies lead to stigmatization of an entire homogeneous group of the population, hindering the processes of integration and socialization.

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