Gender Differences in Suicidal Ideation and Related Factors among North Korean Refugees in South Korea

This study investigated the factors associated with suicidal ideation among 174 North Korean refugees (aged 13–27 years) residing in South Korea. Specifically, we compared sociodemographic, familial, social, and psychological characteristics between participants with and without suicidal ideation. Twenty-nine refugees (16.7%) had exhibited suicidal ideation in the past 12 months. These refugees had significantly lower levels of familial cohesion (U = 1459.0; p < 0.001), self-esteem (U = 1032.0; p < 0.001), and resilience (U = 1190.0; p < 0.001), as well as higher levels of expressional suppression (U = 1202.5; p < 0.001) and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (U = 1303.0; p = 0.001), (with Cohen’s d > 0.5), compared to those without suicidal ideation. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the level of emotional suppression and familial cohesion were significantly associated with suicidal ideation, after controlling for the other variables. Familial and individual interventions, particularly those focused on encouraging emotional expression and familial cohesion, will be useful for North Korean refugee youth, who have a high risk of suicide.

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The Impact of Internet use frequency on Non-suicidal self injurious behavior and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese Youth: An empirical study based on Gender perspective

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18026/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Moye Xin ◽

Xueyan Yang ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Bilun Naz Boke

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Internet Use ◽

Related Factors ◽

Chinese Youth ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: We attempted to find if there were gender differences in Non-suicidal self injurious (NSSI) behaviors and Suicidal ideation among Chinese youth, then analyze the impact of internet use frequency on these variables among youth of different genders.Methods: Based on the survey data from 6 high-schools and 4 universities in 4 cities in China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation and their related factors were analyzed in the study.Results: There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among Chinese youth, yet females reported significantly higher intensity of suicidal ideation compared to males; internet use frequency could explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation by gender, to some categories.Conclusions: The gender difference of NSSI engagement among Chinese youth was not statistically significant; while females had higher suicidal ideation than males; the overuse of social softwares was found to be a risk factor to both NSSI engagements and suicidal ideations for both genders; males would engage less NSSI behaviors when they spent more time on knowledge sharing softwares while might have more suicidal ideation when they spent too much time on gaming.

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The impact of internet use frequency on non-suicidal self injurious behavior and suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents: an empirical study based on gender perspective

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09866-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xueyan Yang ◽

Moye Xin ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Bilun Naz Böke

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Internet Use ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Related Factors ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background We attempted to find if there were gender differences in Non-suicidal self injurious (NSSI) behaviors and Suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents, then analyze the impact of Internet use frequency on these variables among adolescents of different genders. Methods Based on the data from 6 high-schools and 4 universities in 4 cities in China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation and their related factors were analyzed in the study. Results Gender differences were found during different purposes of Internet use; There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents, yet females reported significantly higher intensity of suicidal ideation compared to males; Internet use frequency could explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation by gender, to some categories. Conclusions There were gender differences in Internet use frequency among adolescents; Gender difference of NSSI engagement among Chinese adolescents was not statistically significant; Females had higher suicidal ideation than males; the overuse of social softwares was found to be a risk factor to both NSSI engagements and suicidal ideations for both genders; males would engage less NSSI behaviors when they spent more time on knowledge sharing softwares while might have more suicidal ideation when they spent too much time on gaming.

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The Impact of Internet use frequency on Non-suicidal self injurious behavior and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese adolescents: An empirical study based on Gender perspective

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18026/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Moye Xin ◽

Xueyan Yang ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Bilun Naz Böke

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Internet Use ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Related Factors ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: We attempted to find if there were gender differences in Non-suicidal self injurious (NSSI) behaviors and Suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents, then analyze the impact of Internet use frequency on these variables among adolescents of different genders.Methods: Based on the data from 6 high-schools and 4 universities in 4 cities in China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation and their related factors were analyzed in the study.Results: Gender differences were found during different purposes of Internet use; There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents, yet females reported significantly higher intensity of suicidal ideation compared to males; Internet use frequency could explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation by gender, to some categories.Conclusions: There were gender differences in Internet use frequency among adolescents; Gender difference of NSSI engagement among Chinese adolescents was not statistically significant; Females had higher suicidal ideation than males; the overuse of social softwares was found to be a risk factor to both NSSI engagements and suicidal ideations for both genders; males would engage less NSSI behaviors when they spent more time on knowledge sharing softwares while might have more suicidal ideation when they spent too much time on gaming.

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The Impact of Internet use frequency on Non-suicidal self injurious behavior and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese adolescents: An empirical study based on Gender perspective

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18026/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Moye Xin ◽

Xueyan Yang ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Bilun Naz Böke

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Internet Use ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Related Factors ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: We attempted to find if there were gender differences in Non-suicidal self injurious (NSSI) behaviors and Suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents, then analyze the impact of Internet use frequency on these variables among adolescents of different genders.Methods: Based on the data from 6 high-schools and 4 universities in 4 cities in China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation and their related factors were analyzed in the study.Results: Gender differences were found during different purposes of Internet use; There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents, yet females reported significantly higher intensity of suicidal ideation compared to males; Internet use frequency could explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation by gender, to some categories.Conclusions: There were gender differences in Internet use frequency among adolescents; Gender difference of NSSI engagement among Chinese adolescents was not statistically significant; Females had higher suicidal ideation than males; the overuse of social softwares was found to be a risk factor to both NSSI engagements and suicidal ideations for both genders; males would engage less NSSI behaviors when they spent more time on knowledge sharing softwares while might have more suicidal ideation when they spent too much time on gaming.

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The Impact of Internet use frequency on Non-suicidal self injurious behavior and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese Youth: An empirical study based on Gender perspective

10.21203/rs.2.23989/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Moye Xin ◽

Xueyan Yang ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Bilun Naz Boke

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Internet Use ◽

Related Factors ◽

Chinese Youth ◽

Study Results ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: We attempted to find if there were gender differences in Non-suicidal self injurious (NSSI) behaviors and Suicidal ideation among Chinese youth, then analyze the impact of internet use frequency on these variables among youth of different genders. Methods: Based on the survey data from 6 high-schools and 4 universities in 4 cities in China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation and their related factors were analyzed in the study. Results: There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among Chinese youth, yet females reported significantly higher intensity of suicidal ideation compared to males; internet use frequency could explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation by gender, to some categories. Conclusions: The gender difference of NSSI engagement among Chinese youth was not statistically significant; while females had higher suicidal ideation than males; the overuse of social softwares was found to be a risk factor to both NSSI engagements and suicidal ideations for both genders; males would engage less NSSI behaviors when they spent more time on knowledge sharing softwares while might have more suicidal ideation when they spent too much time on gaming.

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The Impact of Internet use frequency on Non-suicidal self injurious behavior and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese adolescents: An empirical study based on Gender perspective

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18026/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xueyan Yang ◽

Moye Xin ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Bilun Naz Böke

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Internet Use ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Related Factors ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: We attempted to find if there were gender differences in Non-suicidal self injurious (NSSI) behaviors and Suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents, then analyze the impact of Internet use frequency on these variables among adolescents of different genders.Methods: Based on the data from 6 high-schools and 4 universities in 4 cities in China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation and their related factors were analyzed in the study.Results: Gender differences were found during different purposes of Internet use; There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents, yet females reported significantly higher intensity of suicidal ideation compared to males; Internet use frequency could explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation by gender, to some categories.Conclusions: There were gender differences in Internet use frequency among adolescents; Gender difference of NSSI engagement among Chinese adolescents was not statistically significant; Females had higher suicidal ideation than males; the overuse of social softwares was found to be a risk factor to both NSSI engagements and suicidal ideations for both genders; males would engage less NSSI behaviors when they spent more time on knowledge sharing softwares while might have more suicidal ideation when they spent too much time on gaming.

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Suicidal ideation among North Korean refugees in South Korea: Exploring the influence of social network characteristics by gender

Transcultural Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1363461520935314 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 136346152093531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mee Young Um ◽

Eric Rice ◽

Jungeun Olivia Lee ◽

Hee Jin Kim ◽

Lawrence A. Palinkas

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

South Korea ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Traditional Role ◽

North Korean Refugees ◽

Egocentric Network ◽

Social And Cultural Factors

Rates of death by suicide among North Korean refugees are three times higher than those among their host-country counterparts in South Korea. However, social and cultural factors predicting suicidality among North Korean refugees are not well known. Thus, we explored how social networks affect suicidal ideation in a sample of 405 North Korean refugees in South Korea using egocentric network data. Network diversity (number of different types of ties) was a protective factor for suicidal ideation among women. Having a help-providing and trustworthy church-based tie was a protective factor for women, whereas it was a risk factor for men. It is likely that women connected to people in diverse social contexts received more support to effectively deal with adversities. Because South Korean churches provide tailored worship services and financial aid to North Korean refugees, women might receive emotional comfort from church-based ties whom they can trust and receive help from, whereas men might become distressed about being financially dependent on others, which contradicts cultural expectations of a man’s traditional role. Our findings have implications for mental health practitioners serving vulnerable populations, and highlight the importance of understanding the cultural context of social networks and gender in suicide research.

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