scholarly journals Prevalence, factors associated and treatment outcome of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates admitted to St Francis hospital, Nsambya, Uganda: a descriptive study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-405
Author(s):  
Catherine Nyangabyaki-Twesigye ◽  
Edison Mworozi ◽  
Charles Namisi ◽  
Victoria Nakibuuka ◽  
Joshua Kayiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Haemolytic Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
National Referral Hospital ◽  
Timely Treatment

Background: With targeted management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in high-income countries, there has been a dras- tic drop in both the prevalence and mortality. On the contrary, over two-thirds of the global burden of neonatal hyperbiliru- binaemia is in Sub-saharan Africa and South East Asia with a high mortality risk of 16-35%. Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is not a leading global cause of neonatal mortality, however leads to irreversible neurological damage and death when managed poorly. Three-quarters of the babies admitted to the national referral hospital in Uganda had significant hyperbilirubin- aremia; 16.6% of these babies died. We aimed at determining the prevalence, treatment outcome and describing factors associated with hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates admitted to St Francis hospital, Nsambya. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out. A total of 242 files of babies with a preliminary diagnosis of hyperbiliru- binaemia were retrieved retrospectively. Relevant data was extracted from the files and analysed using STATA version 14.0. Results: The prevalence of significant hyperbillirubinaemia was 22.7% (55/242). Seventy-seven percent of the babies ad- mitted did not require treatment for hyperbilirubinaemia. No factors were found to be significantly associated with sig- nificant hyperbilirubinaemia. The case fatality for severe hyperbilirubinaemia was 20% (6/30); half of these babies had haemolytic disease of the newborn. Conclusion: Establishment of local guidelines will prevent unnecessary admissions and ensure timely treatment is admin- istered. Longitudinal studies are required to discover factors associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in this region. Keywords: Neonatal jaundice; hyperbilirubinaemia; phototherapy; exchange transfusion.  

scholarly journals COVID-19 Mortality in Women and Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Dalal ◽  
Isotta Triulzi ◽  
Ananthu James ◽  
Benedict Nguimbis ◽  
Gabriela Guizzo Dri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Sub Saharan

Objective: To investigate differences of COVID-19 related mortality among women and men across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from the beginning of the pandemic. Design: A cross sectional study. Setting: Data from 20 member nations of the WHO African region until September 1, 2020. Participants: 69,580 cases of COVID-19, stratified by sex (men, n=43071; women, n=26509) and age (0-39 years, n=41682; 40-59 years, n=20757; 60+ years, n=7141). Main outcome measures: We computed the SSA- and country-specific case fatality rates (CFRs) and sex-specific CFR differences across various age groups, using a Bayesian approach. Results: A total of 1,656 (2.4% of total cases reported; 1656/69580) deaths were reported, with men accounting for 1168/1656 (70.5%) of total deaths. In SSA, women had a lower CFR than men (mean CFR<diff> = -0.9%; 95% credible intervals -1.1% to -0.6%). The mean CFR estimates increased with age, with the sex-specific CFR differences being significant among those aged 40 or more (40-59 age-group: mean CFR<diff> = -0.7%; 95% credible intervals -1.1% to -0.2%; 60+ age-group: mean CFR<diff> = -3.9%; 95% credible intervals -5.3% to -2.4%). At the country level, seven of the twenty SSA countries reported significantly lower CFRs among women than men overall. Moreover, corresponding to the age-specific datasets, significantly lower CFRs in women than men were observed in the 60+ age-group in seven countries and 40-59 age-group in one country. Conclusions: Sex and age are important predictors of COVID-19 mortality. Countries should prioritize the collection and use of sex-disaggregated data to understand the evolution of the pandemic. This is essential to design public health interventions and ensure that policies promote a gender sensitive public health response.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with poor self-rated health among community dwelling older adults in Lomé (Togo) in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fifonsi Adjidossi Gbeasor-Komlanvi ◽  
Martin Kouame Tchankoni ◽  
Ama Boilassi Adjonko ◽  
Wendpouire Ida Carine Zida-Compaore ◽  
Nicolas Konan Kouakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The number of older adults is increasing worldwide, including in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there is a paucity of data on the overall health status of older adults living in SSA. To assess the prevalence and factors associated with poor Self-Rated Health (SRH) among community-dwelling older adults in Lomé, Togo, we conducted a cross-sectional study from January to June 2019 in Lomé among community-dwelling older adults aged 50 years and older. A 30- minute questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, patterns of medication use and use of herbal products and dietary supplements during a face-to-face interview. SRH was assessed using a single item: Overall, you would say that your health is… (1) excellent, (2) very good, (3) good, (4) fair and (5) poor with response fair or poor defining poor SRH. A total of 344 respondents with median age 63 years, (IQR: 55-72) were enrolled in the study. Women represented 57.6% of the sample. Overall prevalence of poor SRH was 56.4% (95%CI: 51.0-61.9) and was the highest among females (62.6% vs 47.9%; P=0.007) and participants >60 years (61.5% vs 51.1%; P=0.021). Female sex, aged ≥60 years, osteoarthritis, hospitalization within the 12 months preceding the survey, polypharmacy, and the use of herbal products were factors associated with poor SRH (P<0.05). More than half of community- dwelling older adults had poor SRH in Lomé. Further studies are needed to guide policymakers in their efforts to design and implement meaningful policies to improve older adults health conditions.

scholarly journals Etiologies of bloodstream infection and antimicrobial resistance: A cross sectional study among patients in a tertiary hospital, Northern Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ireneus Mauki ◽  
Jesca Deogratias William ◽  
Henry Lucas Mlay ◽  
Adonira Tajaeli Saro ◽  
Samwel Ole Saringe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Bloodstream infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality in people of all age groups, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, a recent report indicates that case fatality rate of 37% is attributed to bloodstream infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with bloodstream infections as well as to determine resistance pattern of bacterial isolates among patients visiting Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2019 at KCMC. A total of 200 patients were included in the study. Blood samples were collected for culture, malaria rapid test, typhoid and brucella tests. Clinical features, co-morbid conditions and patients' hospitalization data were recorded in the questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with bloodstream infections. Predictors of the outcome were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of bloodstream infections was 52(26%). Participants with stomachache had less odds of having bloodstream infections as compared to other patients with symptoms (AOR=0.22, 5.33, 95%CI=0.05-0.97; p=0.04).  Of the XX identified isolates Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest rates of resistance for Meropenem 8(88.8%), Cefotaxime 6(66.6%, Amikacin 6(66.6%), Gentamicin 6(66.6%) and Imipenem 6(66.6%). The lowest level of resistance was observed in Ceftriaxone 1(11.1%). Conclusion: Bloodstream infections were highly prevalent in this sample (26%). Staphylococcus spp was the most commonly isolated organism and exhibited a high resistance rate to most antibiotics. This calls for increased and coordinated efforts to improve the identification, treatment and management of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance, thereby improving clinical practice.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Medication Nonadherence among Hypertensives in Ghana and Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Boima ◽  
Adebowale Dele Ademola ◽  
Aina Olufemi Odusola ◽  
Francis Agyekum ◽  
Chibuike Eze Nwafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Medication Nonadherence ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Modifiable Factor ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background.Blood pressure (BP) control is poor among hypertensives in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. A potentially modifiable factor for control of BP is medication nonadherence (MNA); our study therefore aimed to determine factors associated with MNA among hypertensives in Ghana and Nigeria.Methodology.We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study. Patients were recruited from Korle-Bu Hospital (n=120), Ghana; and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, (n=73) Apapa General Hospital Lagos (n=79) and University College Hospital Ibadan (n=85), Nigeria.Results.357 hypertensive patients (42.6% males) participated. MNA was found in 66.7%. Adherence showed correlation with depression (r=-0.208,P<0.001), concern about medications (r=-0.0347,P=0.002), and knowledge of hypertension (r=0.14,P=0.006). MNA was associated with formal education (P=0.001) and use of herbal preparation (P=0.014). MNA was found in 61.7% of uninsured participants versus 73.1% of insured participants (P=0.032). Poor BP control was observed in 69.7% and there was significant association between MNA and poor BP control (P=0.006).Conclusion. MNA is high among hypertensives in Ghana and Nigeria and is associated with depression, concern about hypertensive medications, formal education, and use of herbal preparations. The negative association between health insurance and MNA suggests interplay of other factors and needs further investigation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mortality in women and men in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e007225
Author(s):  
Jyoti Dalal ◽  
Isotta Triulzi ◽  
Ananthu James ◽  
Benedict Nguimbis ◽  
Gabriela Guizzo Dri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Age Group ◽  
African Region ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

IntroductionSince sex-based biological and gender factors influence COVID-19 mortality, we wanted to investigate the difference in mortality rates between women and men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodWe included 69 580 cases of COVID-19, stratified by sex (men: n=43 071; women: n=26 509) and age (0–39 years: n=41 682; 40–59 years: n=20 757; 60+ years: n=7141), from 20 member nations of the WHO African region until 1 September 2020. We computed the SSA-specific and country-specific case fatality rates (CFRs) and sex-specific CFR differences across various age groups, using a Bayesian approach.ResultsA total of 1656 deaths (2.4% of total cases reported) were reported, with men accounting for 70.5% of total deaths. In SSA, women had a lower CFR than men (mean CFRdiff = −0.9%; 95% credible intervals (CIs) −1.1% to −0.6%). The mean CFR estimates increased with age, with the sex-specific CFR differences being significant among those aged 40 years or more (40–59 age group: mean CFRdiff = −0.7%; 95% CI −1.1% to −0.2%; 60+ years age group: mean CFRdiff = −3.9%; 95% CI −5.3% to −2.4%). At the country level, 7 of the 20 SSA countries reported significantly lower CFRs among women than men overall. Moreover, corresponding to the age-specific datasets, significantly lower CFRs in women than men were observed in the 60+ years age group in seven countries and 40–59 years age group in one country.ConclusionsSex and age are important predictors of COVID-19 mortality globally. Countries should prioritise the collection and use of sex-disaggregated data so as to design public health interventions and ensure that policies promote a gender-sensitive public health response.

scholarly journals Factors associated with delayed uptake of cataract surgery among adult patients at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1259-1265
Author(s):  
Francis O Sebabi ◽  
Walter O Okello ◽  
Faith Nakubulwa ◽  
Rogers Sempindu ◽  
Catherine Driciru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mulago National Referral Hospital ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Background: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness globally. Many patients with cataract in developing countries delay to come for cataract surgery. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with delayed uptake of cataract surgery among adult pa- tients seen at Mulago National Referral Hospital eye clinic in Uganda. Methods: Employing a hospital based cross-sectional study, adult patients with cataract and having moderate visual impair- ment or blindness were recruited. Patient-related factors for delayed surgery were assessed using a predetermined question- naire. Data was analyzed using stata version 14.2. Logistic regressions were used to determine the factors associated with delayed uptake of cataract surgery among these patients. Results: Eighty two participants with operable cataract were evaluated. Females were 44 (54%) and the mean age of partic- ipants was 67 years. Fifty three (65%) had delayed uptake of cataract surgery. The factors associated with delayed uptake of cataract surgery among patients with cataract were financial constraint, felt no need for surgery and good unilateral vision. Conclusions: Financial constraints, no felt need for cataract surgery and having good unilateral vision are the factors asso- ciated with delayed uptake of cataract surgery among cataract patients. We recommend cataract surgical outreach to remote areas and health education. Keywords: Risk factors; operable cataract; cataract; surgery; Uganda; sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding for six months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PROF DANIEL TER GOON ◽  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
OLADELE VINCENT ADENIYI
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Context Specific

Abstract Background: Exclusive breast feeding (EBF) is associated with reduction of post-natal HIV transmission and optimal infant growth. Given that the factors influencing EBF are multi-factorial and context-specific, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with EBF practice in the first six months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted between January – May 2018 on 469 parturient women enlisted in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission cohort study in the Eastern Cape. EBF was defined as infant feeding with breast milk only. We collected relevant socio-demographic, lifestyle and maternal information by interview. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were fitted to determine the factors associated with EBF practice.Results: EBF for six months was practised by a few women (32.0%). The prevalence of EBF was significantly higher among married women (36.8%), unemployed women (36.6%), non-smokers (32.7%) and those who never drank alcohol (37.0%). Unemployed women (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.08-2.56) and those with grade 12 or less level of education (AOR =2.76, 95% CI: 1.02-7.49) had a higher likelihood of practising EBF for six months while mothers who consumed alcohol (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.85) were less likely to practice EBF for six months. Conclusions: Sub-optimal rate of EBF in this study is comparable with the national (31.6%), sub-Saharan Africa (36%) and WHO global (35%) rates. Advocacy campaign on EBF must target alcohol cessation and the creation of a favourable workplace environment for lactating mothers.

scholarly journals Maternal healthcare utilsation and complete childhood vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study of 29 nationally representative surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e045992
Author(s):  
Eugene Budu ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Richard Gyan Aboagye ◽  
Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine the association between maternal healthcare utilisation and complete childhood vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignOur study was a cross-sectional study that used pooled data from 29 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.ParticipantsA total of 60 964 mothers of children aged 11–23 months were included in the study.Outcome variablesThe main outcome variable was complete childhood vaccination. The explanatory variables were number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, assistance during delivery and postnatal care (PNC).ResultsThe average prevalence of complete childhood vaccination was 85.6%, ranging from 67.0% in Ethiopia to 98.5% in Namibia. Our adjusted model, children whose mothers had a maximum of three ANC visits were 56% less likely to have complete vaccination, compared with those who had at least four ANC visits (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.44, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.46). Children whose mothers were assisted by traditional birth attendant/other (aOR=0.43, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.56) had lower odds of complete vaccination. The odds of complete vaccination were lower among children whose mothers did not attend PNC clinics (aOR=0.26, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.29) as against those whose mothers attended.ConclusionThe study found significant variations in complete childhood vaccination across countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal healthcare utilisation (ANC visits, skilled birth delivery, PNC attendance) had significant association with complete childhood vaccination. These findings suggest that programmes, interventions and strategies aimed at improving vaccination should incorporate interventions that can enhance maternal healthcare utilisation. Such interventions can include education and sensitisation, reducing cost of maternal healthcare and encouraging male involvement in maternal healthcare service utilisation.

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