scholarly journals Reflexives and Intensifiers in Dagbani and Gurenɛ

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Samuel Alhassan Issah ◽  
Avea E. Nsoh ◽  
Samuel Awinkene Atintono
Keyword(s):  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reflexive Pronouns ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person

This paper discusses the morphology and distribution of reflexive pronouns and self-intensifiers in two Mabia (Gur) languages of Ghana, Gurenε and Dagbani. We show that reflexive pronouns in both languages are bimorphemic, comprising of a personal pronoun and the reflexivizer -miŋa and -maŋa ‘self’, for Gurenε and Dagbani respectively. We again, show that self-intensifiers and reflexives are morphologically distinct as the former has additional morpheme -maŋ and -m/ for Dagbani and Gurenε respectively, which we analyse as being responsible for the emphatic readings of self-intensifiers. We also demonstrate that reflexives are invariably in the same clause with their antecedents. We however, contend that unlike Dagbani, the third person emphatic eŋa ‘she/he’ and its weak counterpart a ‘she/he’ are mutually exclusive in Gurenε, explaining why personalnames are incompatible with the former. Finally, we demonstrate that adnominal and inclusive intensifiers seem to have similar distribution, suggesting that the Gurenε and Dagbani data do not justify the postulation of three subtypes of intensifiers.

scholarly journals Research of Pronoun Renjia in Semantic and Rhetorical Function

Humaniora ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Sofi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
The Third Person

Pronoun renjia is a personal pronoun and its basic functions similar to “other people”. But, in the actual use of pronoun renjia, it can refer to the third person “he, she, they”, refers to the second “you”, and refers to the first person "I, we ". Pronoun renjia has a wide range of functions with a rich function of rhetoric and rhetorical effect compared to the three pronouns. The context of classroom teaching, appropriate design of language environment of pronoun renjia will give student a better understanding on the pronoun renjia’s usage. 

scholarly journals Syntactical Marker {-Nya} In Indonesian

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-278
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Sedeng
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reflexive Pronoun ◽  
Reflexive Pronouns ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Passive Verbs

This study discusses the syntactic marker {-nya} in Indonesian, and aims at finding the answers to the three research questions; (i) what hosts can be appended by {-nya},(ii)what syntactic functions can be filled by {-nya}, and (iii) what is the meaning of {-nya}contextually. The data to support the analysis was collected from the source with the help of a data collection tool [antconc3.2.1w window2007]. Two theories are relevant to the discussion of {-nya}, namely; morphosyntactic theory that searched the occurrence of {-nya} in a text and discourse theory to discover the meaning of {-nya} contextually.The result of analysis showed three occurrence of {-nya}; pronoun clitics, determiner, and as adverbial formation. As a core argument {-nya} can be attached to the nasal verbs, passive verbs, zero intransitive verbs, and category of nouns, prepositions, and reflexive pronouns. As adverbial formation {-nya} is attached to the adjective, bound root, and is combined with {se-} to form confix {se-baik-nya}. As pronoun, {-nya} can serve as; Grammatical Subjects and Objects, Possessive determiner, Oblique Agent, Reflexive pronoun. As determiner it is always attached to the noun, forming nouns from verbs, and as an adverbial it can serve as an adjunct, conjunct, and disjunct. The meaning of {-nya} with pronominal category should be traced in the text and always refers to the third person singular. Keywords: syntactic markers, pronouns, argument, adverbial, discourse

Reflexive pronouns in the Lindisfarne glosses

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-244
Author(s):  
Elly van Gelderen
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reflexive Pronouns ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Lindisfarne Gospels ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
The Third Person

Abstract Old English uses personal pronouns, demonstratives, and limited null subject for reference to previously mentioned nouns. It uses personal pronouns reflexively and pronouns modified by ‘self’ identical in form with an intensive. This use of a pronoun modified by self has been attributed to British Celtic influence. Other changes in the pronominal system have been attributed to Scandinavian influence, e.g. the introduction of the third person plural pronoun they. This paper looks at the use of the specially marked reflexives in the glosses to the Lindisfarne Gospels, a northern text where both British Celtic and Scandinavian influence may be relevant. It provides lists of all of the self-marked forms and shows, for instance, that Matthew and Mark have reflexives based on an accusative/dative pronoun followed by self and they don’t have this form as an intensifier. British Celtic of this period has an intensifier but has no special reflexives and has lost case endings, so the Lindisfarne language is unlike British Celtic. Luke and John have intensives and reflexives, with ‘self’ modifying case-marked pronouns, again unlike British Celtic. In addition to contributing to the debate on external origins, the paper adds to the authorship debate by comparing the use of reflexives in the different gospels.

scholarly journals POSITIVE EVALUATION OF ALIEN SPACE IN THE ENGLISH BIBLE TEX: LEXICO-SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Iryna Chernyshova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
The Third ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Positive Evaluation

The research sets out to investigate positive evaluation in the English ВіЬІе text. We focus on lexicо-semantic peculiarities of evaluative sentences with the deictic markers of the third person being used to manifest "alien" space. For this we consider the category of "one’s own" / "alien", which is closely related to deixis and evaluation, single out the main features of the phenomenon and determine the rate of third person’s positive evaluation in the text. As a result of the lexicо-semantic analysis we can assert that positive qualities of the "alien" world and manifestation of the speaker’s positive attitude to it are in the focus in the English Bible text. Other varieties of onomasiological features (negative state, status) are characterized by a low frequency of manifestation, which suggests the idea that the most important parameters that determine positive evaluation are positive actions and qualities corresponding to the universally accepted ethical norms. In a number of cases the personal pronoun he is used to indicate a certain referent (God), as a result, acquires positive evaluation. In this case he develops the expression of amplification and positive evaluation and means "the one". On the other hand, the personal pronoun they in most cases refers to strangers, people of other religions having negative evaluation. The positive evaluation of the third-person world can be verbalized metaphorically. Thus, the Lord God in the text is referred to such positive notions with the meaning of protection and salvation as "Salvation", "The Rock", "our help and our shield", "my defense", "the horn of my salvation", "my high tower", "a restorer of thy life", "a buckler". We see prospects for further study in the research of syntactic and communicative-pragmatic characteristics of "one's own"/ "alien" space as well as in the study of local and temporal markers of evaluation. Special consideration can also be given to analyzing this problem in texts of other functional styles, as well as shifting the focus of research to the field of cognitive linguistics.

Effects of Light-Hearted and Serious Entertainment on Enjoyment of the First and Third Person

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
First Person ◽  
Online Experiment ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Third Person Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Perceived Enjoyment ◽  
The Third Person

Abstract. This was a study on the perceived enjoyment of different movie genres. In an online experiment, 176 students were randomly divided into two groups (n = 88) and asked to estimate how much they, their closest friends, and young people in general enjoyed either serious or light-hearted movies. These self–other differences in perceived enjoyment of serious or light-hearted movies were also assessed as a function of differing individual motivations underlying entertainment media consumption. The results showed a clear third-person effect for light-hearted movies and a first-person effect for serious movies. The third-person effect for light-hearted movies was moderated by level of hedonic motivation, as participants with high hedonic motivations did not perceive their own and others’ enjoyment of light-hearted films differently. However, eudaimonic motivations did not moderate first-person perceptions in the case of serious films.

Causal determinism and a totally global fatalism from the third-person perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Causal Determinism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
The Third Person

The human brain and the human language are precisely constructed together by evolution/genes, so that in the objective world, a human brain can tell a story to another brain in human language which describes an imagined multiplayer game; in this story, one player of the game represents the human brain itself. It’s possible that the human kind doesn’t really have a subjective world (doesn’t really have conscious experience). An individual has no control even over her choices. Her choices are controlled by the neural substrate. The neural substrate is controlled by the physical laws. So, her choices are controlled by the physical laws. So, she is powerless to do anything other than what she actually does. This is the view of fatalism. Specifically, this is the view of a totally global fatalism, where people have no control even over their choices, from the third-person perspective. And I just argued for fatalism by appeal to causal determinism. Psychologically, a third-person perspective and a new, dedicated personality state are required to bear the totally global fatalism, to avoid severe cognitive dissonance with our default first-person perspective and our original personality state.

scholarly journals Deictic Shifting in Greek Contractual Writing (I–IV AD)

Philologus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Klaas Bentein
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Narrative Technique ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person

AbstractMuch attention has been paid to ‘deictic shifts’ in Ancient Greek literary texts. In this article I show that similar phenomena can be found in documentary texts. Contracts in particular display unexpected shifts from the first to the third person or vice versa. Rather than constituting a narrative technique, I argue that such shifts should be related to the existence of two major types of stylization, called the ‘objective’ and the ‘subjective’ style. In objectively styled contracts, subjective intrusions may occur as a result of the scribe temporarily assuming himself to be the deictic center, whereas in subjectively styled contracts objective intrusions may occur as a result of the contracting parties dictating to the scribe, and the scribe not modifying the personal references. There are also a couple of texts which display more extensive deictic alter­nations, which suggests that generic confusion between the two major types of stylization may have played a role.

Yahweh, Women, and the Trinity

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
Jay G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
New Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Trinity

“Might it not be possible, just at this moment when the fortunes of the church seem to be at low ebb, that we may be entering a new age, an age in which the Holy Spirit will become far more central to the faith, an age when the third person of the Trinity will reveal to us more fully who she is?”

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