THE OTHE SIDE OF THE DESK: UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ COGNITIONS ON MOTIVATIONAL TEACHING PRACTICE

While the field of language learning motivation has progressed significantly in recent decades, there is still a considerable gap in our understanding about teachers ’ motivational practice. Specifically, the focus has been on descriptive accounts of the strategies teachers employ and their perceived effectiveness, but how teachers think about student motivation and their own motivational practice and why teachers do what they do is vastly under-researched. Understanding teacher cognitions on this phenomenon is a crucial component of moving the field forward into real classroom impact. Drawing on stimulated recall interview data, this paper explores the cognitions of English language teachers in Hong Kong, in relation to learner motivation. Findings point to diverse approaches to motivational practice dependent largely on the extent to which teachers’ conceptualisations of motivation are static or dynamic and the degree to which they recognize the agentive role of the teacher in shaping and directing motivation. The paper argues the need for an explicit focus on motivational teaching practice in teacher education programmes, equipping language teachers with the tools for socioculturally classroom responsive pedagogical frameworks.

METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION INTO THE ESP CLASSROOM IN THE CONTEXT OF DISTANCE LEARNING

The article deals with metacognition as the notion in general and its strategies in particular implemented into the ESP course since online education has revealed the importance of some distance learning aspects, metacognitive strategies being part of them. The latest research and publications analysis prove that in spite of the fact that metacognition has been much researched and implemented into teaching and learning in EFL/ESL classroom concerning a foreign language it has not been deeply considered with regard to ESP. The article is aimed at focusing on metacognition and the corresponding strategies in terms of ESP, metacognitive monitoring, self-regulated studies in the framework of online education. The notion of metacognition being defined as ‘thinking about one’s thinking’ and in a wider sense treated as ‘awareness or analysis of one's own learning or thinking processes’ is applied to plan, monitor, and assess one’s understanding and performance. It comprises a person’s awareness of oneself not only in terms of his/her thinking and learning but also of seeing himself/herself as a thinker and learner. Thus, there exists mutual correlation between students ’ success and their metacognitive knowledge: the higher level of metacognition, the better educational outcome and vice versa. Developed metacognitive skills enhance learners’ motivational perspective, increase their ability to clearly understand objectives and tasks set enabling them to study and master new material faster due to efficient approaches used and proper strategies applied which is especially important for online learners as it requires considerable control and time management in a limited time frame for the ESP course and mixed grouping. The above mentioned findings have proved to be worth further focusing on being crucial from the point of view of ESP metacognitive strategies for regulating students ’ educational process, conducting metacognitive monitoring as well as performing self-regulated learning which is ofparticular importance under current circumstances in the framework of online education.

DOCUMENT “CHARTER” AS A GENRE OF OFFICIAL STYLE

The study of the styles and genres of the literary language, as well as their features, is an integral part of modern philology. A vast deal of researches is devoted to such styles as literary, scientific and publicistic. The literary style and its genres has particular place in linguistic. However, in connection with the latest events that are taking place in the world, international documents are gaining more and more importance. It is the genres of this style which surround us in everyday life: laws, codes, orders, announcements, manuals and others. Also, all international documents and agreements are written in an official style. These documents are regulator of relations between countries. This article describes the classification of the styles of the literary language and their genres. And also, this article is devoted to the study of one international document, namely the "charter". There are many classifications of styles in the Ukrainian literary language. Each researcher categorizes and names them differently, but still, there are five main functional styles, such as scientific, official, publicistic, informal, literary. Official style is a functional style of literary language. "Charters" are international documents of official style. They have different stylistic, lexical and grammatical characteristics. In "charters " neutral vocabulary is used and words are used in the literal sense. For these documents extended sentence, compound sentence and complex sentence are characterized. A perspective for further research is a comparative analysis of the lexical, grammatical and semantic features of the "charter" in different languages.

“ENTSYKLOPEDIIA PEREKLADOZNAVSTVA” IN UKRAINIAN: A REVIEW AND HISTORICAL ASPECT OF ITS PUBLICATION

In late 2020 Ukrainian translation studies faced an extraordinary event when two volumes of “Entsyklopediia perekladoznavstva” were published. This is a Ukrainian translation from the “Handbook of Translation Studies” written in English which is one of the most outstanding works in theory of translation globally. Originally it was published in four volumes by John Benjamins Publishing Company, a leading company which works in the market of translation books, and edited by Franco-Belgian translation scholar Yves Gambier who now works at the University of Turku (Finland) and Luc van Doorslaer, Chair Professor of Translation Studies at University of Tartu (Estonia).

COMPOSITIONAL AND SEMANTIC UNITS OF ENGLISH LITERARY TEXT

One of the most important problems of text linguistics is the structure`s study of literary text, the principles of its organization in accordance with the rules of composition, which involve the division of the text into interconnected parts. In this regard, it is necessary to study the compositionally significant elements of the text and their role in the formation of the whole paper. In the text there are segments that differ in form (description, dialogue, monologue, internal monologue, etc.). These segments differ from each other not only syntactically, but also in functional orientation and different significance in the text. The use of heterogeneous elements is the principle of composition and the basic structural law of the literary text. The article is devoted to different types of the text entries that focus the reader's attention on the necessary information and contribute to the expressiveness, emotionality and aesthetic effect. Such elements of the text include off-topic units of the compositional structure of the text: episodes, remarks, notes, insert constructions and author's digressions. From the standpoint of semiotic theory, off-topic units of the text are considered as metatextual elements that cohere the text, switch the addressee's attention to the most important plot moments, help to navigate in the text space. The note is a clarifying text placed outside the text that performs the function of explaining the information of the main text. The remark is a textual introduction that serves to specify the information about the circumstances of the action, appearance and behavior of the characters of the main text. The insert is a compositionally and conceptually significant element of the literary text, which slows down the development of the plot, interrupts it for a while to enter the necessary information about the past of the characters, significant events in their lives and more.

THE SHORT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVE IN PRESENT-DAY GERMAN IN THE LIGHT OF THE GRAMMAR THEORY OF THE WORD

The short form of the adjective in present-day German, which stems from the Indo-European protolanguage and for that matter is found both in the Germanic and Slavic languages, in the German language took its evolutionary path along the way of the rise and establishment of the morphological features and syntactic functions re-forging itself from one of the forms of expression of a qualificator word into a representative nominator of the morphological paradigm. It widened its syntactic functioning on account of the qualitative adverb that due to the reduction of final vowels, i.e. its grammatical markers, coincided by sounding and meaning with the short form of the qualificator words. In German, these processes brought about the appearance of a new part of speech known as Artwort with the categorical meaning of the qualificator attribution. It realizes its grammatical potentialities in the substance-predicate structure of the sentence revealing in this way a bipolar functionality. Proceeding from the lexicon-centric approach to the categorical meaning of the word including the "amorphous” word of the kind of GUT an attempt is being made to describe the specificity of this type of meaning. In the opinion of the authors the categorical meaning of the "amorphous” word”, which determines its morphological paradigm and syntactic behavior, is vested at the level of the mental lexicon of the speaker as awareness and linguistic experience of using this kind of word in communication. In this way the short form of the adjectives comes in possession of all the features of the elementary sign which non-discretely combines the lexical and categorical meaning. The text-centered approach to the identification of the grammatical concept of the elementary sign reduces the word to the root morpheme. The latter attains the categorical status in its usage which is detrimental to the hierarchical construal of language. The syntactically polar bi-functionality of the short form of the adjective as the elementary sign is foregrounded in the system of actual, real and potential predications and, specifically, in the structure of Paul’s "degraded predicates” as well as in the propositions of the sentence deep structure getting explicated by means of logical implicates that represent a bipolar syntactic functionality of qualificator words. The implicit propositions reveal homonymous ties of the short form of the adjective with the first constituents of compound words which in most cases show themselves as units of the phraseological level of language structure.

LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF INTERLINGUAL COMMUNICATION

The article dwells on the linguocultural issues of interlingual communication. Interlingual communication is presented in the article by translation while linguocultural means are viewed as expressive tools used to construct a national worldview where the expressive function is of paramount importance. The major task in rendering the expressive function in translation is to achieve equivalence, i.e. creation such a situation in the process of interlingual communication where the emotional response of a source-text reader could be equal to that of a target-text reader. It is important to take into account intercultural peculiarities of emotion manifestation while analyzing the degree of emotionality and expressiveness of a work of fiction in different languages. This is accounted for a double nature of emotions. They are viewed as a universal psychic phenomenon, physiological experience, on the one hand, and as an emotional concept characterized by specific culturally-related wording and perception, on the other hand. Though emotions are of universal character, the typological structure of emotional lexicon is different in different languages having very clear national peculiarities. This proves that a language is not a mirror reflection of the world and serves as one more evidence that the world of emotions and the world of language means do not coincide. In the paper, linguocultural means to denote various emotions peculiar for a Ukrainian text and the ways of their rendering in an English text in the process of interlingual communication have been considered. It requires, first and foremost, besides the analysis of the ways of translation of expressive means in a source-text and a target-text also analyze their reception in accepting culture. Expressive information in the text under consideration and its translation version is rendered by a large arsenal of stylistic means which facilitate the perception and assessment by a reader and a translator of a work of fiction and revealing its emotional potential. It has been established that among the basic expressive means to denote expressive information in interlingual communication are phonetic and graphic, word-building or morphological, lexical, phraseological, and syntactic ones. As a result of the research performed, it has been revealed that the author and the reader, and in the translation process also the translator, are the major agents in the act of communication realizing the principle of anthropocentrism according to which a human being is the completion of universe evolution.

TERMS OF DESIGNATION OF PERSONS IN JURIDICAL TERMINOLOGY OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN VARIANTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

The article is devoted to the research of Briitsh and American English juridical terms designating persons. This is the most numerous thematic group of juridical terms among others including terms designating different branches of law, terms denoting types of different insitutions of the sphere, types of legal documents, stages of legal procedures, procedural norms, types of crimes, offences, punishments in particular. The group of juridical terms designating persons is not homogeneous semantically. It consists of terms denoting representatives of different professions of the sphere, persons with assigned juridical rights or duties, criminals who break the law. Many of these terms have the same meanings in British and American variants of the English language. That is why they are called equivalent for both variants. Most of these terms are of Franco-Latin origin, as they were borrowed from Latin into Old French and from it into Middle and New English. So they appeared in the British English and penetrated into American one later. Some terms in the analyzed thematic group have synonymous or nearly synonymous meanings represented by different forms in British and American variants of the English language. The analyzed group also comprises other types of terms. Such terms are not equal in meanings or their shades. That is why they are called non-equivalent terms for analyzed variants of the English language. The categorial semes of their meanings are the same or practically the same in both variants. The differential semes of meanings of these terms can differ not only qualitatively, but also quantitavely. Their quality reveals in the shades of meanings or their differences. Quantitative differences reveal in widening of the denotative meaning of the term in one variant of the English language (British or American) and its narrowing in another variant correspondently. Most of non-equivalent terms from the analyzed thematic group have nationally marked semes. Such semes reveal and characterize national and cultural peculiarities of the development of British and American legal and juridical system somehow.

COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH TO FORMING FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE

The article deals with peculiarities offorming future foreign language teachers’ grammatical competence in realization of communicative approach. The notion "future teacher’s grammatical competence" and its constituents are specified. The constituents offoreign language teachers’ grammatical competence comprise grammatical knowledge, grammatical skills (receptive and reproductive) and grammatical awareness (students' ability to register and recognize grammatical phenomena in oral and written speech, features and patterns of their formation and functioning). The types of communicative exercises, characteristic for the formation of grammatical competence of future foreign language teachers in the process of realization of the communicative approach, are offered and substantiated. The grammatical competence of the future foreign language teacher as a component of professional competence can be defined as intuitive (determining the creative and spontaneous use of language) and intellectual (which can be manipulated consciously) knowledge and ability to use grammatical resources of the language which can be achieved due to the integrated approach to learning grammar material, which provides an organic combination of conscious and subconscious components in the learning process, which will ensure their success in further professional activities. While communicative approach realization communicative (linguistic) tasks are prioritized. After all, it is the latter that bring the development of grammatical skills and abilities closer to the conditions of real communication - motivated and purposeful. Each grammatical structure can be carefully processed and automated thanks to the creative approach of the teacher to the selection of tasks.

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE BASIS OF PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The dynamic nature of the Python programming language, the accumulation of a certain linguosemiotic basis indicates the similarity of this language with the English language, which is the international one and mediates human communication in both real and virtual worlds. In this study, the English language is positioned as the linguistic basis of Python language of programming, which is widely used in industry, research, natural language processing, textual information retrieval, textual data processing, texts corpora, and more. English language, its lexical features, text representation and interaction with logical and functional basis in the context of Python programming language are considered further in this research. Thus, the unity of verbal units and symbols in the modern English-language digital discourse indicates both the order and variability of the constituents therein. The functionality of linguosemiotic elements produces a network of relationships, where each of these integrated elements can produce from a word or symbol a holistic set of units, which are extrapolated in the English-language digital discourse and mediates human communication with a machine. An overview of the basic properties of Python language, such as values, types, expressions, and operations are in focus of the study. Though users understand the responses of Python interpreter, there is a need to follow certain instructions and codes. To facilitate work with this programming language and prescribed English-language commands, it is necessary to involve linguists to cooperate with programmers to invent a certain logical and reasonable principle of Python commands operation.