scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Stockpile Volume Estimation using UAV and GPS Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Mantey ◽  
M. S. Aduah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Mining operations involve the extraction of minerals of economic value from the earth. In surface mining operations, overburdens need to be stripped in other to reach the ore. Large volumes of waste as well as ore is stripped in the process. Various technologies have been used to aid in stockpile volume estimation. Notable among them are the Total Stations and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). However, labour, safety and time has challenged the use of these technologies. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), commonly known as drone is an emerging technology for stockpile volume computations in the Mine. UAV technology for data collection is less labour intensive, safer and faster. Therefore, this study applied the UAV technology in an open pit to estimate stockpile volumes from a Mine. For the purpose of this study, GPS and UAV data were collected for measuring stockpile volumes of materials mined. The actual volumes of stockpiles A, B, C, D (Case 2), produced differences of 0.05% for A, 0.05% for B, 0.08% for C, 0.07% for D and 0.03% for A, -0.03% for B, 0.03% for C and 0.04% for D, for the GPS-based and the UAV-based techniques, respectively. The GPS-based technique generated moderate accuracies for volume estimation, but was time consuming and labour intensive, compared to the UAV-based technique; which was faster and less labour intensive. The UAV-based technique was the most accurate, safest and is capable of mapping large areas rapidly. It is therefore recommended that UAV survey be incorporated in stockpile volume estimation. Keywords: UAV, GPS, Stockpile, Mine, Total Stations

scholarly journals On evaluation of complex-structured coal deposits based on their typical geometric features

2021 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Alexander Katsubin ◽  
Victor Martyanov ◽  
Milan Grohol
Keyword(s):  
Surface Mining ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Length

Information about the geological structure of Kuznetsky coal basin (Kuzbass) allows us to note that coal deposits developed by open-cast method are characterized by complicated conditions and have the following features: large length of deposits at significant depths of occurrence; coal series bedding of different thicknesses (from 1 to 40 m); different dip angles (from 3 to 90º); a significant number of dip and direction disturbances; different thickness of unconsolidated quaternary sediments (from 5 to 40 m); a wide range of strength values of rocks. In addition, there is a thickness irregularity and frequent variability of elements of occurrence of coal seams within the boundaries of a quarry field both in length and depth of mining. From the point of view of open-pit mining, such deposits are complex-structured. The factors listed above have a decisive influence on the choice of technical means, the order of development and the possibility of carrying out surface mining operations. Therefore, there is a need for a systematization of mining and geological conditions for the development of coal deposits, the purpose of which is to ensure a process of evaluation of complex-structured coal deposits for the development of coal-bearing zones by various complexes of equipment.

scholarly journals Temporal-Spatial Frequency Rockfall Data from Open-Pit Highwalls Using a Low-Cost Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2459
Author(s):  
Anna Giacomini ◽  
Klaus Thoeni ◽  
Marina Santise ◽  
Fabrizio Diotri ◽  
Shaun Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Rockfall Hazard ◽  
Rock Face

In surface mining, rockfall can seriously threaten the safety of personnel located at the base of highwalls and cause serious damage to equipment and machinery. Close-range photogrammetry for the continuous monitoring of rock surfaces represents a valid tool to efficiently assess the potential rockfall hazard and estimate the risk in the affected areas. This work presents an autonomous terrestrial stereo-pair photogrammetric monitoring system developed to observe volumes falling from sub-vertical rock faces located in surface mining environments. The system has the versatility for rapid installation and quick relocation in areas often constrained by accessibility and safety issues and it has the robustness to tolerate the rough environmental conditions typical of mining operations. It allows the collection of synchronised images at different periods with high-sensitivity digital single-lens reflex cameras, producing accurate digital surface models (DSM) of the rock face. Comparisons between successive DSMs can detect detachments and surface movements during defined observation periods. Detailed analysis of the changes in the rock surface, volumes and frequency of the rocks dislodging from the sub-vertical rock surfaces can provide accurate information on event magnitude and return period at very reasonable cost and, therefore, can generate the necessary data for a detailed inventory of the rockfall spatial-temporal occurrence and magnitude. The system was first validated in a trial site, and then applied on a mine site located in NSW (Australia). Results were analysed in terms of multi-temporal data acquired over a period of seven weeks. The excellent detail of the data allowed trends in rockfall event to be correlated to lithology and rainfall events, demonstrating the capability of the system to generate useful data that would otherwise require extended periods of direct observation.

scholarly journals Some Equal-area, Conformal and Conventional Map Projections: A Tutorial Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Ghaderpour
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Form ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Equal Area ◽  
Map Projections ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Fundamental Form ◽  
Shape And Size

AbstractMap projections have been widely used in many areas such as geography, oceanography, meteorology, geology, geodesy, photogrammetry and global positioning systems. Understanding different types of map projections is very crucial in these areas. This paper presents a tutorial review of various types of current map projections such as equal-area, conformal and conventional. We present these map projections from a model of the Earth to a flat sheet of paper or map and derive the plotting equations for them in detail. The first fundamental form and the Gaussian fundamental quantities are defined and applied to obtain the plotting equations and distortions in length, shape and size for some of these map projections.

scholarly journals Research on presice point positioning and Real-Time Kinematics corrections for unmanned aerial vehicle global positioning systems

Aviation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ugnius RAGAUSKAS ◽  
Domantas BRUČAS ◽  
Jūratė SUŽIEDELYTĖ VISOCKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Accuracy Improvement ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Gps Measurement ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Point Positioning ◽  
Gps Accuracy

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are used in different tasks with different flight path accuracy. To achieve a greater accuracy of flight trajectory GPS accuracy improvement methods are analyzed. The present article explains the main principles of GPS measurement. Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) methods are described. and compared. Also, both methods have been tested.

Digital Transformation of Surface Mining and New Generation of Open-Pit Equipment

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
D.Ya. Vladimirov ◽  
A.F. Klebanov ◽  
I.V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Robotic Control ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Dump Trucks

The The paper addresses the issues of designing onboard systems and complex digitalization of open-pit mining equipment. A generalized schematic diagram and composition of the On-Board Robotic Control System for open-pit equipment (OBRCS OPE) are provided. The option of the On-Board Robotic Control System for mining dump trucks (OBRCS MDT) and schematics of the on-board robotic system of the BELAZ dump truck are described in more detail. A layout option is suggested for an autonomous ready dump truck, a modification that meets all the requirements for the digital transformation (DT) generation of dump trucks i.e. the ability to operate as part of the mine fleet management systems and robotic control systems, as well as the availability of modern on-board industrial safety systems and remote diagnostics. The DT Generation of mining equipment will allow mining companies to achieve the up-to-date level in digital transformation of surface mining operations and will cut the amount of investments required in upgrading the mining transport system.

scholarly journals Practical Aspects of Design and Testing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Patryk Szywalski ◽  
Andrzej Waindok
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Autonomous Flight ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Design And Testing

AbstractA design of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) construction, intended for autonomous flights in a group, was presented in this article. The design assumptions, practical implementation and results of the experiments were given. Some of the frame parts were made using 3D printing technology. It not only reduces the costs but also allows for better fitting of the covers to the electronics, which additionally protects them against shocks and dirt. The most difficult task was to develop the proper navigation system. Owing to high costs of precision positioning systems, common global positioning system (GPS) receivers were used. Their disadvantage is the floating position error. The original software was also described. It controls the device, allows performing autonomous flight along a pre-determined route, analyses all parameters of the drone and sends them in a real time to the operator. The tests of the system were carried out and presented in the article, as well.

scholarly journals Research of new methods for quality air control after massive explosions in the open mine industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Natalya Shvaher ◽  
Tatyana Komisarenko
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Air Control

The aim of this study is to analyze the existing methods to determine the presence of harmful substances in the open pit atmosphere after massive explosions, and to develop a method of measuring the gas composition of the atmosphere using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Existing methods of controlling the whole open pit atmosphere and its individual sections do not meet safety requirements. The main disadvantages are that workers should be present at danger zone and they are exposed at risk of poisoning by harmful gases. In addition, these methods require considerable time for delivery and analysis of samples in the laboratory, and the results contain significant measurement errors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a methodology to determine the presence of harmful substances in the open pit atmosphere after massive explosions using UAV device, and conduct analytical research of signal dissemination to UAV control in the air. It was established that the implementation of the proposed method will allow to get quickly reliable data on the chemical composition of atmosphere in the explosion areas. It is possible to carry out the control measurements during mining operations without their interruption and without people presence in the dangerous area which allows to increase safety.

Confiabilidad de los registros obtenidos por medio de dos sistemas de posicionamiento global en actividades de desplazamiento humano

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3 - 4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Jeison Daniel Salazar Pachón ◽  
David Armando Chaparro Obando ◽  
Nicolás Tordi
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
El Sistema

<p>El presente estudio examinó  la confiabilidad de los registros de dos sistemas de posicionamiento global (<em>global positioning systems  </em>[GPS]), Garmin310XT y FRWDB600,  sobre  las distancias  recorridas a diferentes  velocidades,  tras un protocolo a pie y otro  en bicicleta realizados  en una pista atlética.  Esta información se comparó con el trayecto  real de recorrido, hecho a partir  del cálculo: <em>ritmo de recorrido (r) = distancia recorrida (d) x tiempo  de recorri- do, </em>y se controló con un metrónomo Sport Beeper. Los participantes fueron dos jóvenes de edad  media  22 años  ± 1, activos  físicamente. En los resultados, se observaron diferencias  entre los registros de ambos sistemas GPS; el protocolo a pie Garmin tuvo un porcentaje de concordancia de 101,1%, mientras que FRWD presentó  103%. En el protocolo en bicicleta se obtuvo 103,4% y 101,6%, respectivamente. Se concluyó  que el uso de GPS es más fiable cuando  las velocidades  de desplazamiento humano son bajas  o moderadas  para  el sistema Garmin  (7-14 km/h), ya que al ser más altas la fiabilidad  de la información podría  ser menor, mientras  que el sistema FRWD presentó  mayor confiabilidad en velocidades moderadas (14-22 km/h).</p>

Confiabilidad de los registros obtenidos por medio de dos sistemas de posicionamiento global en actividades de desplazamiento humano

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Jeison Daniel Salazar Pachón ◽  
David Armando Chaparro Obando ◽  
Nicolás Tordi
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
El Sistema

El presente estudio examinó  la confiabilidad de los registros de dos sistemas de posicionamiento global (<em>global positioning systems  </em>[GPS]), Garmin310XT y FRWDB600,  sobre  las distancias  recorridas a diferentes  velocidades,  tras un protocolo a pie y otro  en bicicleta realizados  en una pista atlética.  Esta información se comparó con el trayecto  real de recorrido, hecho a partir  del cálculo: <em>ritmo de recorrido (r) = distancia recorrida (d) x tiempo  de recorrido, </em>y se controló con un metrónomo Sport Beeper. Los participantes fueron dos jóvenes de edad  media  22 años  ± 1, activos  físicamente. En los resultados, se observaron diferencias  entre los registros de ambos sistemas GPS; el protocolo a pie Garmin tuvo un porcentaje de concordancia de 101,1%, mientras  que FRWD presentó  103%. En el protocolo en bicicleta se obtuvo 103,4% y 101,6%, respectivamente. Se concluyó  que el uso de GPS es más fiable cuando  las velocidades  de desplazamiento humano son bajas  o mo- deradas  para  el sistema Garmin  (7-14 km/h), ya que al ser más altas la fiabilidad  de la información podría  ser menor, mientras  que el sistema FRWD presentó  mayor confiabilidad en velocidades moderadas (14-22 km/h).

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