scholarly journals Microbiological and physico-chemical characterisation of well water in the town of Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1264-1275
Author(s):  
Ollo Kambire ◽  
Konan Mathurin Yao ◽  
Sampah Georges Eblin ◽  
Diegon Arnaud Romain Tokpa ◽  
Rose Koffi-Nevry
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical

Water is essential to the life of every living organism. The water used by the consumer must be safe for the preservation of his health. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of well water used in households in the city of Korhogo. To do this, water samples were taken from the wells of different households. Parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids were measured at the sampling sites. Nitrates and ammonium were determined by spectrophotometric methods using sodium salicylate and indophenol blue, respectively. The membrane filtration technique has been used for the enumeration of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal enterococci, sulfite-reducing anaerobic bacteria, yeasts and moulds. The agar incorporation method was used for the enumeration of mesophilic aerobic germs. The non-conformity relative to pH was 73%. All wells were contaminated with nitrates and ammonium. Non-compliance rates of 80% and 53% were obtained for nitrates and ammonium respectively. Non-compliance with mesophilic aerobic germs, total coliforms, E. coli and fecal enterococci was 100% for each indicator. No spore of sulphite-reducing clostridia has been identified. Contamination rates of 80% (mould) and 67% (yeast) were recorded. The moulds isolated from the various water samples belong to the genus Aspergillus. The quality of well water in households is not suitable for human consumption. These waters require treatment or household residents must switch to other safe sources of drinking water.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Borehole, Pond and Well Water in Kashere Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir A. Gidado ◽  
Ibrahim Halliru ◽  
Christiana Anawuese Kendeson ◽  
Yusuf Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Turbidity

In a bid to ascertain the quality of water for human consumption in Kashere Metropolis, essential physico-chemical parameters were evaluated on samples of drinking water obtained from boreholes, pond and wells located at densely populated areas, labelled as: Kashere cattle market Pond, KP; Kashere cottage Hospital Borehole, HB; Kashere Market Borehole, MB; Federal University, Kashere (FUK) campus Borehole, CB; Kashere cottage Hospital Well, HW; Kashere Market Well, MW and FUK campus Well, CW. Standard procedure for the determination of chemical and physical characteristics of the water samples were used. The results of the investigated parameters in the samples were as follows: ρH 6.61‒7.96, Turbidity 0.0‒2568 FTU, Electrical Conductivity 60.5‒1151 Mhocm-1, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 25.9‒518.0 mgL-1, Ca 0.0033‒0.5446 ppm, Mg 0.0793‒1.2215 ppm, Cd 0.0010‒0.0030 ppm, Zn 0.0024‒0.l054 ppm, Pb 0.0002‒0.0026 ppm and Fe 0.0044‒0.5649 ppm. Except for the concentration of Fe (in CB; 0.5649 ppm), all the analyzed minor and major cations in the water samples were in very low concentration and below the permissible limits of WHO standard guidelines values for drinking water.  It is recommended that, water from the pond should be properly treated before consumption due to its high turbidity.  Also periodic assessment of the quality of drinking water from these water sources should be conducted, to ascertain that they are not contaminated by either or both organic and inorganic pollutants.

scholarly journals Impact Des Facteurs De Pollution Sur La Qualite Des Eaux De La Zone Aval De La Vallee De L’oued Nekor (Al-Hoceima, Maroc)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Fouad Dimane ◽  
Khadija Haboubi ◽  
Issam Hanafi ◽  
Abdelouahad El Himri ◽  
Kaouthar Andaloussi
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Al Hoceima ◽  
Total Bacteria

Water is a precious and essential natural resource for multiple uses. Its use for food or hygiene requires excellent physicochemical and microbiological quality. To assess the quality of well water for human consumption in the Al Hoceima region which is located in North of Morocco, a physico-chemical and bacteriological control was carried out on the basis of 10 water samples from wells in this area. The analyzes were performed on these samples by measuring the following physic-chemical parameters: temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl -),dissolved oxygen, nitrate (NO3 -), and possibly seeking unwanted bacteria (total bacteria, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci). The samples were analyzed systematically to measure all the physicochemical indicators of pollution. Correlation between pollution parameters were conducted to give a reponse element on the main causes pollution. The results performed analysis, revealed a pollution of an agricultural origin. This is confirmed by the maximum levels of chlorides, which exceed 2640 mg/l, thereby explaining the high conductivity levels (4800μs/cm). In addition 14% of analyzed wells have nitre levels 50mg/l nitrate pollution a not alarming. However, if a pollution of agricultural origin is mentioned, the lithological contribution can not be neglected on the results obtained.

Assessment of microbiological quality of drinking water from household tanks in Bermuda

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lévesque ◽  
D. Pereg ◽  
E. Watkinson ◽  
J.S. Maguire ◽  
L. Bissonnette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
General Information ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Electoral Register ◽  
Highly Correlated

Bermuda residents collect rainwater from rooftops to fulfil their freshwater needs. The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of drinking water in household tanks throughout Bermuda. The tanks surveyed were selected randomly from the electoral register. Governmental officers visited the selected household (n = 102) to collect water samples and administer a short questionnaire about the tank characteristics, the residents’ habits in terms of water use, and general information on the water collecting system and its maintenance. At the same time, water samples were collected for analysis and total coliforms and Escherichia coli were determined by 2 methods (membrane filtration and culture on chromogenic media, Colilert kit). Results from the 2 methods were highly correlated and showed that approximately 90% of the samples analysed were contaminated with total coliforms in concentrations exceeding 10 CFU/100 mL, and approximately 66% of samples showed contamination with E. coli. Tank cleaning in the year prior to sampling seems to protect against water contamination. If rainwater collection from roofs is the most efficient mean for providing freshwater to Bermudians, it must not be considered a source of high quality drinking water because of the high levels of microbial contamination.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Quality of Drinking Water in the South of Algeria (Case of El-Oued Region) Study of Excess Minerals

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Zobeidi ◽  
Leila Moussaoui
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Physico Chemical

The Aim of this Study was to Determine the Physicochemical Composition of Water Intended for Human Consumption in Several Regions of El-Oued - Algeria. Excess Minerals in Drinking Water, Including Magnesium, Calcium, Sulfates, Chloride and Fluorides Play a Fundamental Role in the Prevention of Urinary Calculi, which are Formed Mainly from Calcium Oxalate. the Results Revealed that Wholes Water Samples are Analyzed Magnesium ([Mg 2+] > 50 Mg/L). the Rate of Sulfate Ions Average 638 Mg/l, Exceeding the Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) Recommended by WHO ([SO42ˉ] > 250 Mg / L). in Addition, 85% had Excess Fluoride [Fˉ] > 0.85 Mg/L, and 100% are Calcium, the Rate of Ca2+ is Greater than 150 Mg/L.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and biological quality of groundwater sources in Kadama Sub county, Kibuku District

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Wilson Walekhwa ◽  
Frederick Oporia ◽  
Ali Halage ◽  
Douglas Bulafu ◽  
Aisha Nalugya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biological Quality

Abstract IntroductionWater should comply with standard/regulatory physio-chemical and biological parameters to ensure that it is safe for domestic use. We therefore sought to assess the physico-chemical and biological quality of groundwater sources in Kadama subcounty, Kibuku district, Eastern Uganda. MethodsA cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted. We collected water samples from twenty-three functional water sources. We assessed the turbidity, pH and presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) using the turbidity meter, pH meter and membrane filtration technique, respectively. Furthermore, physical sanitary inspection of the water sources was done using a standard pretested observational checklist to assess existing risk factors.ResultsThe majority, 69.5% of the water sources included in the study were boreholes, with about 43.5% of them from Nandere parish. Majority of the water sources 86.9% (20/23) had clogged/blocked drainage channels, about a third of water sources 60.9% (14/23) did not have fences/protection around them and majority of the water sources, 82.6% (19/23) had stagnated apron. Some water sources 8.7% (2/23) had open defecation around them. The water samples had a mean pH of 6.87 (SD 0.920) with 4.4% acidic, 86.9% normal/acceptable pH level and 8.6% in alkaline state. About two-thirds (65.3%) of these water sources had turbidity levels less than 5 NTUs. In addition, boreholes had a better turbidity score of 81.2% (13/16) compared to the water wells 71.4% (5/7). About half, 43.5% of the water sources were above the WHO recommended range of zero coliforms. ConclusionsSome ground water sources had sanitary risk factors and significant levels of E. coli which makes them unfit for human consumption, though they can be used for other domestic purposes including washing clothes. This calls for urgent need to keep surrounding water sources clean and continuously disinfect drinking water from groundwater sources before human consumption.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Groundwater Quality of Kathmandu Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Sujan Maharjan ◽  
Tista Prasai Joshi ◽  
Rashim Koju ◽  
Sujan Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Ammonia Content

The limited availability, accessibility and deterioration of the water quality in Kathmandu valley have led to the high demand of ground water. This study aims to evaluate ground water quality of the Kathmandu valley. In this study, the physio-chemical parameters of water samples were performed using standard procedures. Also, total coliforms were enumerated using standard membrane filtration technique to quantify the bacterial contamination. Water samples were collected from July 2017 to July 2018. The results revealed that 56% and 73% of well and boring water samples, respectively exceeded standard value of iron recommended by National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2005. Likewise, ammonia content was higher in 41% of well water and 35% of boring water samples than standard. However, few numbers of water samples were contaminated with arsenic (0.27% and 2.6% of well and boring water samples, respectively) and nitrate (3% and 8% of well and boring water samples, respectively). Besides, 96% of well water samples and 88% of boring water samples were contaminated with total coliform bacteria. Our data indicated that groundwater quality of Kathmandu valley was poor, which was not suitable for direct drinking purposes. Therefore, regular monitoring and treatment of groundwater is recommended before using accordingly.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and biological quality of groundwater sources in Kadama Sub county, Kibuku District

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Wilson Walekhwa ◽  
Frederick Oporia ◽  
Ali Halage ◽  
Douglas Bulafu ◽  
Solomon Tsebeni Wafula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biological Quality

Abstract IntroductionWater should comply with standard/regulatory physio-chemical and biological parameters to ensure that it is safe for domestic use. We therefore sought to assess the physico-chemical and biological quality of groundwater sources in Kadama subcounty, Kibuku district, Eastern Uganda.MethodsA cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted. We collected water samples from twenty-three functional water sources. We assessed the turbidity, pH and presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) using the turbidity meter, pH meter and membrane filtration technique, respectively. Furthermore, physical sanitary inspection of the water sources was done using a standard pretested observational checklist to assess existing risk factors.ResultsThe majority, 69.5% of the water sources included in the study were boreholes, with about 43.5% of them from Nandere parish. Majority of the water sources 86.9% (20/23) had clogged/blocked drainage channels, about a third of water sources 60.9% (14/23) did not have fences/protection around them and majority of the water sources, 82.6% (19/23) had stagnated apron. Some water sources 8.7% (2/23) had open defecation around them. The water samples had a mean pH of 6.87 (SD 0.920) with 4.4% acidic, 86.9% normal/acceptable pH level and 8.6% in alkaline state. About two-thirds (65.3%) of these water sources had turbidity levels less than 5 NTUs. In addition, boreholes had a better turbidity score of 81.2% (13/16) compared to the water wells 71.4% (5/7). About half, 43.5% of the water sources were above the WHO recommended range of zero coliforms.ConclusionsSome ground water sources had sanitary risk factors and significant levels of E. coli which makes them unfit for human consumption, though they can be used for other domestic purposes including washing clothes. This calls for urgent need to keep surrounding water sources clean and continuously disinfect drinking water from groundwater sources before human consumption.

scholarly journals Pollution Physique Et Bactériologique De L’eau Du Fleuve Dans La Basse Vallée De L’ouémé Pendant Les Périodes De Basses Et Hautes Eaux Au Bénin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Adjagodo A. ◽  
Agassounon Djikpo Tchibozo M. ◽  
Kelomè N.C. ◽  
Vissin E.W. ◽  
Agbossou E.
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
High Water ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
High Water Period ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

The objective of this study is to assess the water river quality of the Lower Valley of Ouémé in Benin. Two river water sampling campaigns were carried out during low and high water. At each sampling campaign, eleven (11) sampling sites were selected and at each site four samples were taken, making a total of 44 water samples. Hydrogen potential, dissolved oxygen, suspended matter and turbidity were measured in situ. Fecal contamination germs such as total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and fecal enterococci were counted by the membrane filtration technique. The results of the physical analyzes reveal that the pH measured in the water samples conformed to the WHO standard except turbidity. The results of the bacteriological analyzes in 100 mL of water sample of the river reveal average bacterial loads in periods of low and high waters which vary respectively from 2.57.10 2 ± 451 CFU and 3.35.102 ± 459 CFU for total coliforms; 1.42.102 ± 315 CFU and 1.55.102 ± 251 for thermotolerant coliforms; 0,79.102 ± 216 CFU and 1.55.102 ± 251 for E. coli. The Enterococci are absent in the waters during these two periods. The high burden of these germs counted in the high water period may be due runoff phenomenon and unhygienic behavior observable in the study area.

scholarly journals Are the defined substrate-based methods adequate to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters?

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Sofia Valente ◽  
Paulo Pedro ◽  
M. Carmen Alonso ◽  
Juan J. Borrego ◽  
Lídia Dionísio
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Rapid Tests

Monitoring the microbiological quality of water used for recreational activities is very important to human public health. Although the sanitary quality of recreational marine waters could be evaluated by standard methods, they are time-consuming and need confirmation. For these reasons, faster and more sensitive methods, such as the defined substrate-based technology, have been developed. In the present work, we have compared the standard method of membrane filtration using Tergitol-TTC agar for total coliforms and Escherichia coli, and Slanetz and Bartley agar for enterococci, and the IDEXX defined substrate technology for these faecal pollution indicators to determine the microbiological quality of natural recreational waters. ISO 17994:2004 standard was used to compare these methods. The IDEXX for total coliforms and E. coli, Colilert®, showed higher values than those obtained by the standard method. Enterolert® test, for the enumeration of enterococci, showed lower values when compared with the standard method. It may be concluded that more studies to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the rapid tests are required in order to apply them for routine monitoring of marine and freshwater recreational bathing areas. The main advantages of these methods are that they are more specific, feasible and simpler than the standard methodology.

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