scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and insecticidal activity of leaf extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Eucalptus globules against rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Adeniyi ◽  
CL Orjiekwe ◽  
JE Ehiagbonare ◽  
BD Arimah
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

scholarly journals Toxicity of tobacco Nicotiana tabacum Linnaeus (Solanaceae) leaf extracts to the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekar Kanmani ◽  
Lokesh Kumar ◽  
Rajasingh Raveen ◽  
Samuel Tennyson ◽  
Subramanian Arivoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract Background Rice is the agricultural commodity with the third highest worldwide production and losses in rice storage due to insect pests may drastically affect the food availability for a large number of people. One of its serious pests in tropics is the “rice weevil”, Sitophilus oryzae. Although few effective fumigants are available, there is a global concern about environmental pollution, toxicity to non-target organisms, and pesticide residues. Botanicals are a promising source of pest control compounds as the pool of plants possessing insecticidal substances are enormous and have generated extraordinary interest in recent years as potential sources of natural insect control agents. The present study was conducted to determine the toxicity of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf extracts as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in the management of rice weevils. The crude solvent leaf extracts of N. tabacum were analyzed for its phytochemical compounds via GC-MS and tested for its toxicity to the adults of S. oryzae at concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00, and 20.00 mg/L by Petri dish bioassay method. Adult mortality was calculated 24, 48, and 72 h after exposure. Results The constituent compounds in the chloroform and acetone revealed 13 compounds represented by benzene carboxylic acid ester, alkaloids, and steroids. The major compounds found in GC-MS analysis are nicotine, nicotinonitrile, nornicotine, nicotinic acid, neonicotine, cotinine, indole, farnesol, sclareol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, squalene, palmitic acid, and 15-tetracosenoic acid methyl ester. Overall assessment indicates that the chloroform and acetone extracts of N. tabacum leaves exhibited the highest adulticidal activity against S. oryzae. Their LD50 values were 1.62, 0.64, and 0.48; 1.54, 0.83, and 0.48 mg/L after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure respectively. In addition, the petroleum ether extract also indicated high adult mortality with LD50 value of 0.53 mg/L only at 72 h. Conclusions The present research has documented its first report for the management of rice weevil using tobacco leaf extracts, and therefore on the basis of the results of the present study, it is highly encouraging to note that the use of tobacco leaf extracts with its excellent insecticidal activity owing to the action of nicotine would be economically feasible to alleviate the rice weevil problem.

scholarly journals Insecticidal effects of two medicinal plants Polygonum hydropiper L. and Abrus precatorius L. leaves against the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
SC Bhattacharjee ◽  
MM Matin ◽  
M Nasiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Ether Solvents

During the study, the leaves of two medicinal plants, Polygonum hydropiper and Abrus precatorius were extracted with water, ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether solvents and tested against the rice weevil S. oryzae L. for insecticidal properties. Response varied with plant species. The mortality of adults increased with increasing dose concentrations from 1000 ppm to 5000 ppm each solution, with an exposure time of 72 hours. LC50 values calculated were found to be 15091.436 ppm with water, 5051.534 ppm with ethanol, 5111.063 ppm with methanol and 4305.348 ppm with petroleum ether extracts of P. hydropiper and 9687.292 ppm with water, 6263.849 ppm with ethanol, 4682.683 ppm with methanol and 3222.984 ppm with petroleum ether extracts of Abrus precatorius leaves corresponding their concentrations of the leaf extract solutions at 1000ppm, 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm, 4000 ppm and 5000 ppm respectively. The results of the study showed that methanol and petroleum ether extrcts of P. hydropiper and ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether extracts of A. precatorius showed good toxicity. It appeared that the leaf extracts had some insecticidal activities against S. oryzae adult. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 107-114

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

Phytochemical profile and insecticidal activity of Agave americana leaf extract towards Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 19468-19480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Mami Maazoun ◽  
Soumaya Haouel Hamdi ◽  
Feten Belhadj ◽  
Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa ◽  
Chokri Messaoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Agave Americana ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

scholarly journals In vitro anti-bacterial activity of Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract and its phytochemical screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
B. Praiwala ◽  
S. Priyanka ◽  
N. Raghu ◽  
N. Gopenath ◽  
A. Gnanasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Screening Assay

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is the main concern worldwide to combat infectious. Over the years studies on leaf extracts Tinospora cordifolia have demonstrated the potent role its antibacterial property. The current study is an attempt to test its antibacterial property against Escherichia coli cell division. Material and methods: Phytochemical screening assay of T. cordifolia leaf extract was done using standard procedure and the results showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, terpenoid, steroid, tannin, amino acid, flavonoid and glycoside components. Results: HPLC analysis revealed the presence of berberine in T. cordifolia leaf extract. Further E. coli cells were treated with berberine to study its efficacy in inhibiting cell division. Antibacterial assay was performed by using disc diffusion method. Conclusion: Among aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, chloroform, hexane and acetone extract only methanolic extract showed zone of inhibition.

scholarly journals FRACTIONATION OF THE N-HEXANE EXTRACT OF GARCINIA BANCANA MIQ. (MANGGIS HUTAN) LEAVES AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY BASED ON 1,1-DIPHENYL-2- PICRYLHYDRAZYL AND FERRIC REDUCING ANTIOXIDANT POWER ASSAYS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Dewi Kumala Putri ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Nuraini Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Objective: To assess the antioxidant activity from another part of the plant, in this study, leaf extracts in n-hexane were fractionated.Methods: Ten fractions were obtained and tested in vitro for antioxidant activity using two methods, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferricreducing antioxidant power (FRAP), to identify the most active fraction.Results: The IC50 of the most active fraction was 36.24 μg/mL using the DPPH method, and the EC50 was 39.54 μg/mL using the FRAP method. Themost active fraction was also shown to contain terpenoids.Conclusion: The most active fraction of an n-hexane extract of the leaves of Gacinia bancana Miq., which was tested by both DPPH and FRAP methodshad antioxidant activities with IC50 and EC50 values of 36.2482 μg/mL and 39.5442 μg/mL, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed that activefraction contains terpenoids.

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