scholarly journals Augmentative Modelling: A Template for Populus spp. Stand Biomass in Eurasia Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-832
Author(s):  
Andreevich Usoltsev Vladimir ◽  
Omid Reza Shobairi Seyed ◽  
Stepanovich Tsepordey Ivan ◽  
Petrovich Chasovskikh Viktor
Keyword(s):  
Additive Model ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Allometric Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Populus Spp

Today, estimating of biological productivity or carbon-depositing ability of forests is going on the global level, and its increase is one of the major factors of climate stabilization. In recent years, two trends in the harmonization of allometric models of tree biomass have been developing. The  first of them is related to ensuring the additivity of the biomass component composition, and the second one – to the search for the so-called generic model applicable to a wide range of environmental conditions. However, all "generic" models give significant biases in their application in local conditions. In our modeling, we adhere to the principle of biomass additivity, split "generic" model into regional variants by introducing dummy variables, and build the model at the transcontinental level for the first time. When using the unique in terms of the volume of database on the level of stand of the genus Populus spp. in a number of 212 sample plots, the trans-Eurasian additive allometric models of biomass of standsfor Eurasian Populus forests are developed, and thereby the combined problem of model additivity and generality is solved. The additive model of forest biomass of Populus is harmonized in two ways: it eliminated the internal contradictions of the component and the total biomass equations, and in addition, it takes into account regional differences of forest stands not only on total, aboveground and underground biomass, but also on its component structure, i.e. it reflects the regional peculiarities of the component structure of biomass. Keywords: genus Populus spp., biomass of forests, allometric models, sample plots, biological productivity

Aboveground Biomass Of Mongolian Larch (Larix Sibirica Ledeb.) Forests In The Eurasian Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Usoltsev ◽  
Igor M. Danilin ◽  
Zaandrabalyn Tsogt ◽  
Anna A. Osmirko ◽  
Ivan S. Tsepordey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Species Specific

We used our database of tree biomass with a number of 433 sample trees of Larix from different ecoregions of Eurasia, involving 61 trees from Mongolia for developing an additive model of biomass tree components. Our approach solved the combined problem of additivity and regionality of the model. Our additive model of tree aboveground biomass was harmonized in two ways: first, it eliminated the internal contradictions of the component and of the total biomass equations, secondly, it took into account regional (and correspondingly species-specific) differences of trees in its component structure. A significant excess of larch biomass in the forest-tundra is found that may be explained by permafrost conditions, by tree growth in low-yielding stands with a high basic density of stem wood and relatively high developed tree crown in open stands. The aboveground biomass of larch trees in Mongolia does not stand out against the background of the most ecoregions of Eurasia. Based on our results, we conclude that the growing conditions of larch in Mongolia are not as tough as it was suggested earlier by other scientists. Biomass relations between regions may be explained by unknown and unaccounted factors and errors of measurements in all their phases (assessment of age, diameter, height of a tree, the selection of supposedly representative samples of component biomass, their drying, weighing, etc.). The question what explains the regional differences in the structure of biomass of trees with the same linear dimensions of their stems, remains open. Undoubtedly, the differences in tree age here play an important role. Also, important factor is the variation in the morphological structure of stands, which, in turn, is determined by both climatic and edaphic factors. The obtained models allow the determination of larch forest biomass in different ecoregions of Eurasia with the help of height and diameter data.

scholarly journals Environmental Drivers and Age Trends in Site Productivity for Oak in Southern Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Luiza Tymińska-Czabańska ◽  
Jarosław Socha ◽  
Marek Maj ◽  
Dominika Cywicka ◽  
Xo Viet Hoang Duong
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Si Model

Site productivity provides critical information for forest management practices and is a fundamental measure in forestry. It is determined using site index (SI) models, which are developed using two primary groups of methods, namely, phytocentric (plant-based) or geocentric (earth-based). Geocentric methods allow for direct site growth modelling, in which the SI is predicted using multiple environmental indicators. However, changes in non-static site factors—particularly nitrogen deposition and rising CO2 concentration—lead to an increase in site productivity, which may be visible as an age trend in the SI. In this study, we developed a geocentric SI model for oak. For the development of the SI model, we used data from 150 sample plots, representing a wide range of local topographic and site conditions. A generalized additive model was used to model site productivity. We found that the oak SI depended predominantly on physicochemical soil properties—mainly nitrogen, carbon, sand, and clay content. Additionally, the oak SI value was found to be slightly shaped by the topography, especially by altitude above sea level, and topographic position. We also detected a significant relationship between the SI and the age of oak stands, indicating the long-term increasing site productivity for oak, most likely caused by nitrogen deposition and changes in climatic conditions. The developed geocentric site productivity model for oak explained 77.2% of the SI variation.

Diet of European freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera margaritifera (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) in small river (Republic of Karelia, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-515
Author(s):  
S.F. Komulaynen
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Margaritifera Margaritifera ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intestinal Contents

The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus,1758) is endangered in Europe and is now listed in the Red Data Book of many countries and regions. The diet of the species in the Syskyänjoki River (a tributary of Lake Ladoga) has been studied. The contents of the intestine generally correspond to the composition of seston, and include organic detritus, filamentous and unicellular algae, fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues mixed with silt and sand. The total biomass of the intestinal contents of varied from 0.8 to 30.6 mg per organism (absolutely dry weight). Margaritifera margaritifera consumes a wide range of particles, from 0.5 μm3 (bacteria and unicellular algae) to 200 000 μm3 (fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues). About 90–95% (by volume) of the intestinal contents was consisted by fine organic detritus. The food composition did not differ significantly for mollusks of different sexes and size. In the intestinal contents, 63 taxa of algae were identified. The number of algal species in the content of one intestine varied from 3 to 17, with their abundance from 250 to 9560 cells per organism. The most abundant and constant in the contents of the intestines are unicellular algae. Diatoms are the most diverse, they make up 50.8% of the total number of species.

scholarly journals Glucosylceramide Plays a Role in Fungal Germination, Lipid Raft Organization and Biofilm Adhesion of the Pathogenic Fungus Scedosporium aurantiacum

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Victor Pereira Rochetti ◽  
Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro ◽  
Evely Bertulino de Oliveira ◽  
Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva Xisto ◽  
Eliana Barreto-Bergter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Germ Tube Length ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fluorescent Stain ◽  
Altered Lipid

Infections caused by Scedosporium species present a wide range of clinical manifestations, from superficial to disseminated, especially in immunocompromised patients. Glucosylceramides (GlcCer) are glycosphingolipids found on the fungal cell surface and play an important role in growth and pathogenicity processes in different fungi. The present study aimed to evaluate the structure of GlcCer and its role during growth in two S. aurantiacum isolates. Purified GlcCer from both isolates were obtained and its chemical structure identified by mass spectrometry. Using ELISA and immunofluorescence techniques it was observed that germination and NaOH-treatment of conidia favor GlcCer exposure. Monoclonal anti-GlcCer antibody reduced germination when cultivated with the inhibitor of melanin synthesis tricyclazole and also reduced germ tube length of conidia, both cultivated or not with tricyclazole. It was also demonstrated that anti-GlcCer altered lipid rafts organization, as shown by using the fluorescent stain filipin, but did not affect the susceptibility of the cell surface to damaging agents. Anti-GlcCer reduced total biomass and viability in biofilms formed on polystyrene plates. In the presence of anti-GlcCer, germinated S. aurantiacum conidia and biofilms could not adhere to polystyrene with the same efficacy as control cells. These results highlight the relevance of GlcCer in growth processes of S. aurantiacum.

scholarly journals COMPONENT STRUCTURE IN THE ORGANIZATION ОF MORAL BEHAVIOR EXPERIENCE FOR SENIOR ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (194) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Nataliia Huzenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Moral Qualities

The problem of moral behavior experience for adolescents is quite sharp. The difficulty of moral behavior experience for older adolescents involves the separation in the pedagogical reality the phenomenon ‘moral behavior experience’ and its component clarification. Some issues of adolescents’ moral behavior allowed us to define our own concept ‘moral behavior experience’ as a system of conscious actions and deeds, formed in the process of acquiring knowledge about morality, moral norms, acquiring skills for their practice usage and skills of moral actions by emotional and volitional efforts. The article clarifies the component structure in the organization of moral behavior experience for older adolescents. Its clarification is necessary for understanding the process of moral behavior experience development. The paper identifies the components of moral behavior experience for older adolescents: motivational and valuable, cognitive and interesting, practical and active, personal and reflexive ones. The article describes each component separately in details. In the work the structure of moral behavior experience for older adolescents are characterized with the following components. The motivational and valuable component is represented by motivation, interest, values, moral feelings and attitudes, moral beliefs. The cognitive and interesting component is represented by knowledge of moral norms and behavior rules. The practical and active component is represented by personal ability to communicate, leadership, behavioral self-regulation. The personal and reflexive component is represented by personal traits, reflection, personal moral qualities, self-esteem and self-analysis in moral behavior. In the article the prospects of determining pedagogical conditions for moral behavior experience for older adolescents are clarified to prevent and avoid bullying. Undoubtedly, the elucidation of the component composition in the structure of the experience of moral behavior is necessary to understand the process of its formation. In the work in the structure of the experience of moral behavior of older adolescents, the following components were identified: motivational-value component (motivation, interest, values, moral feelings, relationships, moral beliefs); cognitive component (knowledge of moral norms and rules of conduct); practical-activity component (personality's ability to communicate, leadership, self-regulation of behavior), personality-reflexive component (personality traits, reflection, moral qualities of personality, self-esteem and self-analysis of moral behavior).

scholarly journals Analysis of the ukrainian market of cloud technologies

Connectivity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Fedosiva ◽  
◽  
I. M. Sribna
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cloud Technologies

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Ukrainian market for the spread of cloud technologies, an overview of growth dynamics, application segments and identifies leading companies that offer services using cloud computing. According to the unanimous forecasts of the world’s leading consulting companies, the rapid improvement and spread of cloud computing is now one of the key trends that in the next 5-8 years will significantly affect the global development of not only the IT industry but also business, finance, public administration, medicine, education and many other areas of human life. Prospects for the rapid development of cloud services in Ukraine encourage more careful consideration of the experience of their application in more «mature» markets and identify the main benefits and risks of these technologies in local conditions. People perceive the cloud as a platform only for storage and computing. However, there are many other opportunities that cloud technologies offer with cloud computing. Currently, cloud computing technologies are becoming increasingly popular. The advantages of this technology are obvious: economy, speed, elasticity, versatility of access. In the future, their use will create a powerful information and telecommunications system, which will be a technological solution for the construction and development of new infrastructure in the country. The world’s largest IT vendors (Microsoft, Amazon, Google and others) somehow implement cloud computing services, providing a wide range of opportunities for users. Thus, cloud computing is software and hardware that is available to the user via the Internet (or local network) in the form of a service that allows you to use a user-friendly web interface for remote access to dedicated resources (computing resources, programs and data). Thus, cloud computing is the next stage of information development of mankind.

scholarly journals Stochastic cycle selection in active flow networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (29) ◽  
pp. 8200-8205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis G. Woodhouse ◽  
Aden Forrow ◽  
Joanna B. Fawcett ◽  
Jörn Dunkel
Keyword(s):  
Broad Class ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Rate Theory ◽  
Flow Networks ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Theoretical And Numerical Analysis ◽  
Active Flow

Active biological flow networks pervade nature and span a wide range of scales, from arterial blood vessels and bronchial mucus transport in humans to bacterial flow through porous media or plasmodial shuttle streaming in slime molds. Despite their ubiquity, little is known about the self-organization principles that govern flow statistics in such nonequilibrium networks. Here we connect concepts from lattice field theory, graph theory, and transition rate theory to understand how topology controls dynamics in a generic model for actively driven flow on a network. Our combined theoretical and numerical analysis identifies symmetry-based rules that make it possible to classify and predict the selection statistics of complex flow cycles from the network topology. The conceptual framework developed here is applicable to a broad class of biological and nonbiological far-from-equilibrium networks, including actively controlled information flows, and establishes a correspondence between active flow networks and generalized ice-type models.

scholarly journals Mobile Serious Game Design using User Experience: Modeling of Software Product Line Variability

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Chaimae Meftah ◽  
Asmaâ Retbi ◽  
Samir Bennani ◽  
Mohamed Khalidi Idrissi
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Software Product Line ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Feature Model ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Learner Engagement ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Software Product

In recent years, gamification has emerged as a new approach to increasing learner engagement. It covers a very wide range of games with very different purposes and with many fields of application. However, most of the gamification solutions proposed do not adopt the same modeling approach and little attention has been paid to mobile serious games (MSG) belonging to different pedagogical contexts. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have developed in this paper a generic model based on the Software Product Line (SPL) approach to manage the common and variable points of the MSG product set. We have also focused on the User eXperience (UX) concept to study the aspects that most affect the player’s experience in the context of MSGs. These aspects have been modeled in the form of features in the SPL Feature Model. MSG designers can use the model proposed during the development process, both to manage variability and to create an effective and fun learning environment.

scholarly journals A new constraint programming model and solving for the cyclic hoist scheduling problem

Constraints ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wallace ◽  
Neil Yorke-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Constraint Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Hoist Scheduling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Constraint Programming Model ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe cyclic hoist scheduling problem (CHSP) is a well-studied optimisation problem due to its importance in industry. Despite the wide range of solving techniques applied to the CHSP and its variants, the models have remained complicated and inflexible, or have failed to scale up with larger problem instances. This article re-examines modelling of the CHSP and proposes a new simple, flexible constraint programming formulation. We compare current state-of-the-art solving technologies on this formulation, and show that modelling in a high-level constraint language, MiniZinc, leads to both a simple, generic model and to computational results that outperform the state of the art. We further demonstrate that combining integer programming and lazy clause generation, using the multiple cores of modern processors, has potential to improve over either solving approach alone.

Experimental and Modeling of the Stress-Strain Behavior of a BGA Interconnect Due to Thermal Load

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Johan Liu ◽  
Ragnar Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Interface Model ◽  
Micropolar Theory ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plastic Ball ◽  
Low Efficiency

A plastic ball grid array component interconnect has been experimentally investigated and modeled on the basis of micropolar theory. The experimental results were analyzed, and the data also provided the verification for the micropolar interface model. Two different interconnect cross sections, namely, one near the component boundary and the other in the center region beneath the chip, have been measured. The effects of thermal cycling on the interconnect deformation have been considered. The deformation fields, due to the mismatch of the material properties of the constituents in the assembly system, have been observed by means of a multifunction macro-micro-moiré interferometer, whereby the displacement distributions have been obtained and analyzed for the different specimens. The interconnect layer is usually of smaller size as compared to the neighboring component, and there are even finer internal structures included in the interconnect. The scale difference makes conventional methods time consuming and of low efficiency. An interface model based on the micropolar theory has been developed, cf. Zhang, Y., and Larsson, R., 2007, “Interface Modelling of ACA Flip-Chip Interconnects Using Micropolar Theory and Discontinuous Approximation,” Comput. Struct., 85, pp. 1500–1513, Larsson, R., and Zhang, Y., 2007, “Homogenization of Microsystem Interconnects Based on Micropolar Theory and Discontinuous Kinematics,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 55, pp. 819–841, aiming at predicting the interconnect behavior under thermal load, especially when there exist internal structures in the interface and the component/structure sizes vary in a wide range. Numerical simulations, using the micropolar interface model, show a fairly good agreement between the experimental data and the numerical simulations.

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