scholarly journals Implications of the understanding of Entrepreneurship in Local Economic Development in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Charles Mwatsika
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
New Production ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Training

The study analyses knowledge about entrepreneurship which guides entrepreneurial behaviour in enterprises in Malawi in order to reflect on its implications in local economic development. Top-of the-mind definition which collects unaided responses from the top of respondents’ mind was used. Definitions or explanations of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activities undertaken were recorded from 337 enterprises. Innovations carried out by the enterprises were measured in new products, new production methods, new markets and new enterprises together with the values realised. Content analyses, descriptive statistics and comparison of means were used to classify the definitions of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial activities undertaken and compare values of innovations carried out. The study finds that entrepreneurship is predominantly defined as starting and managing one’s own business, being self-employed and creating jobs in the economy. Petty income generating activities and subsistence oriented micro and small enterprises dominate. The prevailing understanding of entrepreneurship guides policy, education and training, SME finance, infrastructure development and support towards unproductive entrepreneurial activities which would not ignite economic development. Therefore, much as institutions are established to support SME sector growth and improve the environment for business, improving knowledge about productive entrepreneurship that guides SME policy, finance, entrepreneurship education and training is pertinent in Malawi.

scholarly journals Secondary vocational education: possible future scenarios and development prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Blinov ◽  
L. N. Kurteeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Secondary Vocational Education ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Training

Long-term socio-economic development forecast of the Russian Federation for the period till 2030 specifies that the main barriers in the implementation of innovative and accelerated scenarios are caused by the shortage of world-competitive professional personnel both at the level of corporations and public administration, the inefficiency of coordination mechanisms. This study is aimed at studying the readiness and possibilities of the system of vocational education and training of the Russian Federation to respond to external challenges, taking into account scenarios of the long-term forecast of the social and economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035. The study is also aimed at creating scientific, organizational and methodological conditions for the positive modernization of the professional education and training system of the Russian Federation on the basis of regional development strategies, which will allow implementing measures to develop infrastructure, personnel potential, create modern conditions for the implementation of professional educational programs. The study presents predictive scenarios of the development of secondary vocational education, gives their characteristics, and identifies risks and advantages. The presented scenarios allow us to determine the socio-economic potential of vocational education, to determine the goals and objectives in its development.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of Adult and Community Education and Training on Economic Development of Women, in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampson Tawiah
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Educationally Disadvantaged ◽  
And Training

In South Africa, Adult and Community Education and Training (ACET) is established to cater for the educationally disadvantaged individuals, especially rural women, hence, ACET programmes are running in the country nationally. One of the aims of ACET is to open economic opportunities for women; however, the majority of rural women are still performing poorly economically. This empirical study aimed to explore the effect of ACET on the economic development of women in the Lusikisiki district of South Africa. A qualitative approach in the form of a case study design was used for the study to help the researcher relate to the real life circumstances of the women. Purposive sampling was used to select 35 participants from a population of 115. The participants were selected because they had wealth of information and could explain better the phenomenon under study. Data collection instruments used were face to face individual interviews which were audio recorded with the consent of participants. The major findings of the investigation include the following: inadequate learning resources available to women; inadequate skills development programmes provided and skeptical perception of the economic benefit of ACET to women. The study suggested that the programmes of ACET should be restructured and skills driven to meet the needs of women, especially in rural communities.

Impact of Local Self-Government Institutions on Creating a Business-Friendly Environment

2015 ◽  
pp. 353-373
Author(s):  
Jelena Stanković ◽  
Igor Novaković
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Institutional Cooperation ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Government Institution

The chapter objective is to demonstrate application possibilities of Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) in the specific local economic development problem in Serbia that refers to assessment of Local Self-Government (LSG) institutions' capabilities to act in order to create business-friendly environments and increase entrepreneurial activities. The primary aim of the chapter is to formulate an adequate multi-criteria model for evaluation of institutional cooperation between business councils, as representatives of local authorities and the business community in observed LSG units. Results indicate inadequate quality and functionality of the business councils, although cooperation has been established between the business councils, as a local government institution, and representatives of business community. Data analysis is conducted using relevant statistical methods. For multi-criteria analysis of subjective preferences of Local Economic Development (LED) offices has been applied Analitic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

The Suez Company's Concession in Egypt, 1854–1956: Modern Infrastructure and Local Economic Development

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
Caroline Piquet
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
National Economic ◽  
European Business ◽  
Full Benefit ◽  
The One

For over a century in Egypt, the Suez Canal Company reflected the role of the concession in European economic expansion overseas. Concession was a European business practice widespread in Egypt; it was an institution inherited from a system of privileges for Europeans since the Middle Ages. It promised a way for Egypt to adopt modern infrastructures and receive needed European help for digging the canal. The results of the Suez Company are indisputable: the desert of the Suez Isthmus became a lively economic region with active ports, growing cities, and an expanding labor force. And the region was linked to the rest of the country by a new road network. At the same time, however, the concession system denied Egypt full benefit of this infrastructure. The canal served the financial and strategic interests of the company, not the interests of the local economy. This outcome embodied all the contradictions of the concession system: on the one hand, concessions were a necessity for modern infrastructure development in Egypt; on the other, they were a hindrance to further national economic development.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Determinants Global Entrepreneurship: Multi-Country Panel Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Riznaldi Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
New Business ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Basic School ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
And Training

<p>This study examines the validity of governmental supports and policies; and financing for entrepreneurs in the context of global entrepreneurial activities. Our studies are based on the rich datasets of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database covering 108 countries from 2001 to 2014. In this study, we examine whether countries with more favorable policies and supports towards entrepreneurship and availability of financing for entrepreneurs would result in the higher country’s entrepreneurial activities.</p><p>We use total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA), a percentage of 18 - 64 year old population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or an owner manager of a new business, as our dependent variable to represent country’s entrepreneurial activities. There are two main explanatory variables used in the study: governmental supports and financing for entrepreneurs. The governmental supports represents the extent to which public policies support entrepreneurship as a relevant economic issue, while financing for entrepreneurs indicates the availability of financial resources for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) including grants and subsidies. We also include three control variables of basic school entrepreneurial education and training; physical and services infrastructure; and cultural and social norms to test the significance of these factors to the country’s entrepreneurial activities.</p><p>This study adopts panel regression model augmented with control variables. We favor Random Effect model as opposed to Fixed Effect or Pooled OLS model as Hausman and Breusch–Pagan test suggest. Our results suggest that there is no evident that government supports have significant contribution to country’s entrepreneurial activities.  In other words, entrepreneurial activities are more flourished in a country that has not set entrepreneurship as relevant economic issues as it might be the case for many emerging countries. The availability of formal financial resources is significant to the country’s entrepreneurships, but with a negative sign. It could be interpreted that in some countries many new start-ups and entrepreneurs seem to have a greater reliance to informal financing of 4Fs (Founders, Family, Friends and Foolhardy investors) instead of formal channels i.e. government grant and subsidies, venture capital or strategic partners. A country with cultural and social norms that encourage citizens to new business activities also has greater number of entrepreneurships. However, we found no evident that entrepreneurial education and training at basic school; and ease access to infrastructure are significantly affecting entrepreneurial activities in a country.</p>

Entrepreneurial activities and models of advanced European science and technology universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 3447-3472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Ricci ◽  
Alessandra Colombelli ◽  
Emilio Paolucci
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial University ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold. It is aimed at identifying: a broad set of entrepreneurial activities; different university entrepreneurial models; and the entrepreneurial best practices of advanced European S&T universities. Design/methodology/approach The paper has adopted a mixed-method design. By mainly relying on primary data, collected through questionnaires and interviews with those in charge of the technology transfer offices of 20 universities belonging to the CESAER association, the empirical analysis has combined both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Findings The results of the empirical analysis have allowed five entrepreneurial activities to be identified. Three main entrepreneurial university models, based on different configurations of entrepreneurial activities, on different organisational and ecosystem characteristics and on a set of entrepreneurial best practices: an “engage” model, which focusses on local economic development; a “formal” model, which focusses on the financial advantage of universities and their faculties; and a “comprehensive” model, which focusses on the local economic development and the financial advantage of universities and their faculties. Research limitations/implications The first limitation of the present paper concerns the limited number of sampled universities. Moreover, this paper is limited to the European area. Future research could enlarge this study by increasing the number of universities and by focusing on other geographical areas. Furthermore, the paper does not assess the effectiveness of the identified entrepreneurial models in supporting entrepreneurship and local economic development. Further research could extend the present analysis and fill these gaps. Originality/value The paper contributes to the extant literature under many respects. First, it relies on original primary data. Moreover, it extends previous literature by encompassing the conventional distinction between formal and informal entrepreneurial activities. It also contributes to the emerging literature on entrepreneurial university models and the strategic approaches by identifying the different models of entrepreneurial universities in the European setting of S&T universities focusing on the role played by organisational and regional factors in affecting the adoption of a specific model by universities.

Managerial focus of a regional vocational education and training system on the needs of socio-economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 44-77
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Alasheev ◽  
T. G. Kuteinitsyna ◽  
N. Yu. Postalyuk ◽  
V. A. Prudnikova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Training

Introduction. The policy of the European Union and many other countries in the field of education and training of personnel with applied qualifications is traditionally focused on the needs of the economy of territories and the competitiveness of enterprises. Currently, a new organisational and managerial model is being approved in the Russian Federation, related to the world practice of innovative management. Some specific management tools of the targeted focus of VET systems on the needs of the economy have repeatedly been the subject of study. However, it has not been decided yet what specific sets of management tools should be used and how to effectively achieve the dynamic balance of personnel supply and demand in regional labour markets.Aim. The present research aimed to establish the features of the targeted managerial focusing of the activities of the regional VET systems on the needs of the socio-economic development of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.Methodology and research methods. The research methodology is based on the following principles and approaches: system- and activity-based analysis of social objects, comparative analysis and modelling of social systems. The authors applied the metrological principle to compare the obtained values of indicators/indicators of the activity of VET systems with the “standard”, which is used as threshold values set by the method of expert assessments or by average values of indicators in current Russian monitoring studies. Aggregated indices were calculated as sums of normalised values of corresponding indicators groups.The following research methods were applied: questioning, expert assessment method, scaling, web analysis, content analysis of documents, methods of mathematical statistics in the processing of sociological data, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalisation, comparison, and abstraction in the interpretation of research results.The data sources were open-source databases (websites of the government of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, educational authorities, and professional educational organisations); statistical information; expert assessments of regional specialists and specialists of executive authorities in the field of education.Results and scientific novelty. As a result of the study, it was found that the management focus tools of the pilot regional VET system do not fully correspond to the needs of regionally oriented development. Regional differentiation is significant in accordance with most of the parameters, which characterise management tools for orienting the activities of the VET systems to the demands of the external environment. The spread in the values of indicators for the pilot regions reaches 80 %. According to several indicators, the identified differences are due to the different economic conditions of the regions. However, most of the parameters, which characterise the adaptability of regional VET systems, are not related to the economic component of the development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and, are determined mainly by the factors of educational resources management and management models used by educational systems and individual professional educational organisations.Practical significance. The results obtained in the study make it possible to highlight the problem areas in the management of the VET system in the region and to identify reserves for enhancing the compliance of the conditions and results of the VET system and educational organisations with the needs of the socio-economic development of regions.

Impact of Local Self-Government Institutions on Creating a Business-Friendly Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 1466-1488
Author(s):  
Jelena Stanković ◽  
Igor Novaković
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Institutional Cooperation ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Government Institution

The chapter objective is to demonstrate application possibilities of Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) in the specific local economic development problem in Serbia that refers to assessment of Local Self-Government (LSG) institutions' capabilities to act in order to create business-friendly environments and increase entrepreneurial activities. The primary aim of the chapter is to formulate an adequate multi-criteria model for evaluation of institutional cooperation between business councils, as representatives of local authorities and the business community in observed LSG units. Results indicate inadequate quality and functionality of the business councils, although cooperation has been established between the business councils, as a local government institution, and representatives of business community. Data analysis is conducted using relevant statistical methods. For multi-criteria analysis of subjective preferences of Local Economic Development (LED) offices has been applied Analitic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

The Important Role of Manpower Planning, Education and Training in the Economic Development of Libya

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 107-130
Author(s):  
Ramadam Yousif Zubi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Manpower Planning ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The University ◽  
And Training

AbstractLibya has enjoyed a considerable growth of its national economy since its crude oil was produced and exported in the early 1960s and Libyan society has achieved a higher standard of living than in the 1950s. But despite the increasing and rapid expansion in the education system, the rising figures for enrolment and well-equipped buildings, the country still suffers from acute shortages of the well-qualified and skilled human resources that should meet the country's socio-economic development and transformation plans, and run the increased number of large industrial establishments like the oil industry, where a large number of foreign personnel still occupy core functions.This paper shows that a number of practical and theoretical problems are responsible for inaccurate manpower planning, and also for the retardation of the development of Libya's manpower education and training, needed to ensure the country had the necessary well-qualified personnel who would perform their employment duties properly in order that the country achieves its planned socio-economic development targets.For real control of Libya's natural resources, mainly oil and gas, the paper calls for urgent action to be taken for a well-planned and properly executed Libyanisation policy and more effective use of the most necessary non-Libyan personnel. It outlines the scientific and practical factors needed to improve labour productivity, describes the procedure and methodology of manpower forecasting currently in use, and calls for action to correct its deficiencies.The paper also attempts to point out the major role that the university and other educational institutions have to play in the education and training of the country's people. It also suggests that more effort should be made to link and involve the educational institutions, and the university in particular, with the industrial and other economic sectors in the country. Also required is a variety of good services which can be employed in consultative work and collaborative involvement, based on a thorough understanding of the requirements both of industry and the university as a consultative and research centre, in addition to its educational functions. These and other aspects are fully discussed and a call is made for better planned and strategic reform of the education and training systems in Libya, so that the country can truly adjust to changes in its students and the workforce.

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