scholarly journals Mycoflora and Aflatoxin Levels in Stale Retailed Pepper Sold in Abeokuta Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
E.O. Oni ◽  
L.O. Adebajo ◽  
A.O. Badmos ◽  
T.M. Adeleye ◽  
F.M. Oyeyipo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Aflatoxin Content ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Fungi constitute a major problem in the production, storage and processing of agricultural products, recent concern about the consumption of stale retail pepper in Abeokuta necessitated the need to determine the fungal population and also to quantify Aflatoxin produced by the fungi. Fungi species were isolated from 20 pepper samples (Capsicum annum) bought from different markets in Abeokuta using standard microbiological procedures and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the aflatoxin present. Isolated fungi were Aspergillus flavus (55%), Mucor sp (10%), Sacharomyces cerevisiae (20%), Aspergillus fumigatus , Rhizopus sp and Penicillium sp (5%) respectively. Results shows that fourteen of the pepper samples had no detectable aflatoxin and the aflatoxin content in the remaining six samples was 23ng/kg, 18 ng/kg, 15 ng/kg, 9 ng/kg, 6 ng/kg and 2 ng/kg,. five of these samples had aflatoxin content above the European Union maximum tolerance level of 5ng/kg. The presence of toxin producing Aspergillus flavus capable of causing food poisoning raises concern over public health risks that may be associated with the consumption of stale pepper. Keywords: Aflatoxin, Fungal contamination, Capsicum annum, stale foods, High Performance Liquid chromatography, public health

scholarly journals STUDY OF AFLATOXINS IN CASHEW NUTS PRODUCED IN COTE DIVOIRE BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (LCHP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 555-560
Author(s):  
M. Gouli ◽  
◽  
E. Zran ◽  
A. Yapi ◽  
A. Trokourey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Standard ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Immunoaffinity Column

The objective of this study is to isolate, identify and quantify four types of aflatoxins noted AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 that can be found in cashews grown in Cote dIvoire. These carcinogenic mycotoxins (AF) are secondary metabolite toxins produced by Aspergillus molds in plant foods.This work involved eleven (11) samples of 500 g of cashew nuts from eleven (11) cities of Cote dIvoire for the 2018-2019 campaign. These cities are: Beoumi, Bondoukou, Dabakala, Daloa, Douekoue, Ferkessedougou, Korhogo, Mignignan, Odienne, Sinematiali, and Touba. The test were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after extraction of the four (4) mycotoxins on an immunoaffinity column at a flow rate of 3 mL / minute. These aflatoxins were identified and quantified from the following pairs of Retention time (Rt) in minutes and Limit of Detection (LD) in µg / kg: (13.777 0.00143), (10.583 0.00136), (9.901 0.00151), and (8.184 0.00564) respectively for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. Our results show that all eleven (11) samples from these eleven (11) different cities contain aflatoxin (AFB1, AFB2, AFG2 and AFG1) contents below the national standard (2 µg / kg), that of the CODEX Alimentarius (1.4 µg / kg) and that of the European Union (2 µg / kg) indicating that cashews produced in Cote dIvoire comply with international standards and their consumption does not pose any risk to human health caused by the studied aflatoxins.

scholarly journals Determination of Synthetic Hormones in Animal Urine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Rbies ◽  
Albert Cabrera ◽  
Francesc Centrich
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Synthetic Hormones

Abstract A method was developed for the extraction of stanozolol, taleranol, zeranol, hexestrol, dienestrol, ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, and trenbolone from animal urine. The analytes were extracted from the matrix by enzymatic hydrolysis, solid-phase extraction, and liquidliquid extraction. Detection and quantitation were performed on a high-performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The identification criteria met the European Union regulations. Validation of this method established a decision limit between 0.2 and 0.9 μg/L and a detection capability between 0.3 and 1.0 μg/L, depending on the analyte.

scholarly journals Isolation Of Mycotoxi genic Fungi And Quantification Of Aflatoxins From Bean Flours Sold In Abeokuta Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
A.O. Badmos ◽  
S. Olonode ◽  
E.O. Oni ◽  
T.M. Adeleye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Methyl Red ◽  
Recent Increase ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Red Flag

The recent increase in consumers’ preference for commercially sold bean flour necessitated the need to determine associated mycoflora and quantify the toxin production by the isolates, since several fungal genera have been associated with bean grains. Four fungal genera were isolated from fifteen beans flour samples sourced from various markets in Abeokuta by serial dilutions and pour plates methods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates. Distinct colonies were transferred to Methyl Red Dessicated Coconut Agar (MRDCA) plates to identify toxin- producing isolates and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for aflatoxin quantification from the bean flour samples. The isolated fungal genera were, Aspergillus (60%), Fusarium (10%), Rhizopus (15%) and Mucor (5%). Nine of the fifteen samples were found positive for aflatoxigenic organisms and also produced aflatoxins that ranged from 0.006 to 0.151 ng/kg. The presence of toxin- producing organisms in the bean flour which is above the acceptable standard is a red flag that must be addressed vigorously if public health is a priority.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. extracts against Aspergillus flavus

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Lucía S. Di Ciaccio ◽  
Alejandra V. Catalano ◽  
Paula G. López ◽  
Dante Rojas ◽  
Diego Cristos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Esi Ms

Aspergillus flavus is a filamentous, saprophytic fungus, whose colonization occurs mainly in cereal grains and oilseeds once harvested. Under certain conditions, it could produce mycotoxins called aflatoxins, known as powerful human liver carcinogens. The aim of the present study was to describe the antifungal activity of extracts of Peltophorum dubium, a species from northern Argentina (Oriental Chaco), against A. flavus. The antifungal activities of different collection sites are reported. The extracts exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 µg/mL, and the differences between the treatments and the inoculum control were 11 mm of P. dubium A and 10 mm of P. dubium F in colony growth. Moreover, hyphae treated with the extracts stained blue with Evans blue showed alterations in the membrane and/or cell wall, allowing the dye income. Bio-guided fractionation, High Performance Liquid Chromatography diode array ultraviolet/visible (HPLC UV/VIS DAD), and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (UPLC ESI-MS) analyses were conducted to characterize the extracts and their active fractions. The HPLC UV/VIS DAD analysis allowed the determination of the presence of flavonoids (flavonols and flavones), coumarins, terpenes, and steroids. UPLC ESI/MS analysis of active fractions revealed the presence of Kaempferol, Apigenin, Naringenin, Chrysin and Daidzein.

Multiresidue Determination of Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Honey by Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1692-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOURDES CORREDERA ◽  
SUSANA BAYARRI ◽  
CONSUELO PÉREZ-ARQUILLUÉ ◽  
REGINA LÁZARO ◽  
FRANCISCO MOLINO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

An analytical procedure based on solid-phase extraction, using ethyl acetate as the elution solvent, and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and diode array detection was developed for the identification and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in honey. The method has been optimized and validated in accordance with Commission Regulation 333/2007 and Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. This method allows the identification of the 15 PAHs that should be monitored in food matrices, as proposed in 2002 by the Scientific Committee on Food and later by the European Union in the Commission Recommendation 2005/108/EC, because of their genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. The results of the validation study were in agreement with quality criteria described in European legislation in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and ruggedness, and the method was applied to the analysis of 42 honey samples (21 from Spain and 21 from other regions). The honey samples were not contaminated by PAHs at detectable levels and thus could be marketed without health risk.

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