Effect of N- 3, 4-Dichlorophenyl -N, N-Dimethylurea (Diuron) Herbicide to Serum Biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus

Assessing the effect of Diuron herbicide on post juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using specific biochemical markers could provide vital information concerning the health status with regards to electrolyte determination. The fishes were subjected to different concentrations of diuron of (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5mgL-1 respectively) for 96hrs and the alterations in the serum enzymes, metabolites and ion level were determined. The lethal concentration (LC50) value of the herbicide was 1.0mg L-1 for 96h of exposure. During the experiment different behavioural changes were observed and recorded and blood samples were collected after 96hours of experiment to check for the effect of fish exposed to different concentration of diuron herbicide and the parameters observed were serum enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST and LDH). Biochemical examination was also carried out to know the changes in Total protein, glucose and cortisol level. Ion level examination was carried out to assess changes in sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-). It was observed that there were significant differences (P˂0.05) in the serum enzymes analysis, biochemical examination and ion level examination and these parameters revealed differences with varying concentrations of diuron herbicide. Thus, diuron possesses toxicity effects on C. gariepinus Keywords: Herbicide, Clarias gariepinus, serum enzymes

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Effects of Dimethoate Insecticide on Serum Biochemistry of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juveniles

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v25i6.15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 977-985

Author(s):

O.O. Oghale ◽

A.C. Okoboshi ◽

A.P. Chinedu-Ndukwe ◽

K.C. Kanu ◽

M. Beka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mortality Data ◽

African Catfish ◽

Exposure Concentration ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Run Off ◽

Static Bioassay

The present study was designed to investigate acute toxicity of dimethoate on juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Catfish with mean weight and length of 24.01 ± 11.60 g and 13.98 ± 5.66 cm respectively were exposed to sub-lethal levels of dimethoate in static bioassay system for 28 days and mortality data was statistically evaluated using Finney’s Probit analysis. The 96-hour LC50 value for C. gariepinus was estimated as 29.05 mg/l. The value for the LC50 was used in deducing the sub-lethal concentrations (0.01, 0.15and 0.29 mg/l). Biochemical changes in the serum such as glycogen, total protein, cholesterol, urea and creatinine were analyzed after the exposure period (28 days). The glycogenlevel decreased in all sublethal exposures. An increase in cholesterol at lower exposure concentration, followed by slight increase in urea and creatinine among treated groups was recorded. Behavioural changes which includes changes in skin colour, jerking, restlessness, erratic swimming, among others were observed. Based on the result of this study, it was concluded that C. gariepinus juveniles are very sensitive to low concentration of dimethoate. Dimethoate is highly toxic to juvenile catfishes and as such measures must be taken to avoid its run-off into our aquatic environment thus jeopardizing the recruitment of juvenile catfishes into the fishery.

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Plasma proteins of young African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822).

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v35i4.16710 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 521-524

Author(s):

J.H. Boon ◽

J.M. Smits ◽

T. Wensing ◽

E. Lo

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Water Supply ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Plasma Proteins ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Total Content ◽

African Catfish ◽

Feeding Level ◽

Effect Of Feeding

The effect of feeding level and water supply on the total content of plasma protein (TPP) and fractions of these proteins (PPF) of young African catfish was studied. It was found that TPP can be divided into 4 fractions (PPF I-IV), of which PPF I is predominant. Analysis of the results showed a strong effect of feeding level on TPP and PPF I-IV. There was a positive correlation between TPP and the weights of PPF I-IV, and a negative correlation between PPF I and PPF II. The PPF I fraction might be usable as an indicator for the health status of young catfishes. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Effect of putative probiont Enterococcus hirae on the hematological parameters of juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) during pre- and post-challenge against Aeromonas hydrophila

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v14n3.1097 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 423-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nur Hidayahanum Hamid ◽

Hassan Mohd Daud ◽

Prapansak Srisapoome ◽

Hasliza Abu Hassim ◽

Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

African Catfish ◽

Post Challenge ◽

Control Groups ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Mung Bean Sprouts ◽

Bean Sprouts

Probiotics have been widely known to have the ability to improve the immune system of livestock and aquatic animal. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of two probiotic isolates of Enterococcus faecium on hematological parameters of juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus during pre- and post-challenge with aquatic pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. The probiotics were previously isolated from vegetable wastes (mung bean sprouts, Vigna radiate and cucumber, Cucumis sativus) which have been fermented for 7 days. The experimental fish (270 tails) with an average weight of 5.13 ± 1.03 g were distributed and divided randomly into i) control (30 tails), fed with commercial diet ii) E1 (30 tails), fed with diets supplemented with 108 CFU/ml of E. faecium isolated from fermented cucumber, iii) E2 (30 tails), fed with 108 CFU/ml of E. faecium isolated from fermented mung bean sprouts. The feeding trial was conducted for 50 days. All experimental groups were then challenged with A. hydrophila (1.5 × 106 CFU/mL) via intraperitoneal injection on day 51. Prior to challenge, blood samples were collected from five fish randomly selected from each group on the day 51 (pre-challenge). After 72 hours of post-challenge, blood samples were again collected from five fish from each groups. The hematological parameters such as total erythrocyte count (RBC), total leucocyte count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), the derived blood indices of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were examined. Hematological profiles of pre- and post-challenge infected juvenile catfish were compared with the control groups. The RBC, Hb, WBC, PCV, MCV and MCHC of fish fed with probiotics showed higher significant difference (P<0.05) as compared to control groups during pre- and post-challenge of pathogen. The high level of RBC and WBC during pre- and post-challenge showed the capability of the probiotics to improve the immune response of juvenile African catfish and thus increased the fish disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection. The result suggested that E. faecium could be used effectively as a probiotic in aquaculture.

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Serum Enzymes as a Result of Azadirachta Indica Extract Injection to African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus ( Burchell , 1822 )

Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.12816/0008252 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 281-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessa E. Ochuko ◽

Kori-Siakpere Ovie ◽

Ikhojie I. Faith

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Serum Enzymes ◽

African Catfish

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Reference Intervals for the Serum Biochemistry and Lipid Profile of Male Broodstock African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus: Burchell, 1822) at Varied Ages

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb849851 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 437-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chidozie Nwabuisi OKOYE ◽

Susan Omoboba DAN-JUMBO ◽

Onyinyechukwu Ada AGINA ◽

Ukamaka Uchenna EZE ◽

Anietie Francis UDOUMOH

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

African Catfish ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽

Age Variations

The study established reference intervals and age variations in the serum biochemistry and lipid profile of cultured male broodstock African catfish. The evaluations were carried out on twenty-five (25) cultured male broodstock African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) of 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12 months of age. Standard biochemical procedures were carried out in all the serum biochemistry and lipid profile determinations. The overall mean ± SD values for the serum biochemistry parameters and lipid profile were as follows: alanine aminotransferase 17.49 ± 8.30 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase 125.76 ± 28.59 U/L; alkaline phosphatase 12.42 ± 2.56 U/L; total proteins 3.70 ± 1.49 g/dl; albumin 1.60 ± 0.30 g/dl; globulin 2.10 ± 1.38 g/dl; albumin/globulin 1.53 ± 1.71; total bilirubin 1.71 ± 0.51 mg/dl; direct bilirubin 0.36 ± 0.43 mg/dl; indirect bilirubin 1.35 ± 0.52 mg/dl; creatinine 1.13 ± 0.64 mg/dl; blood urea nitrogen 2.18 ± 2.47 mg/dl; total cholesterol 128.18 ± 40.22 mg/dl; HDL-C 26.36 ± 3.73 mg/dl; LDL-C 75.44 ± 9.30 mg/dl; VLDL-C 32.00 ± 2.03 mg/dl and triglyceride 160.00 ± 10.15 mg/dl. The results showed significant (P < 0.05) variations in all the serum biochemistry parameters and lipid profile of the studied fishes, across the different age groups except in the serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Therefore, the current report offers information that shall be useful to all carrying out experimental studies involving assay of these parameters in male broodstock African catfish.

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Reference values for chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) blood cells and serum biochemical parameters

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782005000300017 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 602-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tális de Oliveira Silva ◽

Luiz Carlos Kreutz ◽

Leonardo José Gil Barcellos ◽

João Borella ◽

Auren Benck Soso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Reference Values ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽

Adult Males ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

South Brazil

Raising chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) for commercial purpose has increased significantly; however, hematological and serum biochemical reference values have not yet been determined for chinchillas raised in south Brazil. Establishing blood cells and serum biochemistry reference values might be helpful to evaluate health status of chinchillas and might be used as a tool by clinicians. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference values for blood cells and serum biochemistry of Chinchilla laniger. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from 16 adult males, at the time they were killed to remove the fur coat, and from 8 adult males anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. Blood cell counts and serum biochemistry analysis were performed using standard techniques and the results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Analysis of blood parameters from post-mortem cardiac punctured and from anesthetized chinchillas indicated that blood samples from anesthetized chinchillas had higher PCV, Hemoglobin, MCHC and WBC (P < .05); in contrast, had lower levels of monocytes, basophils and eosinophils (P < .05). Serum biochemical parameters were less affected by sampling method: anesthetized chinchillas had lower levels of urea, glucose and triglycerids (P < .05). The data obtained might be useful as a parameter to monitor the health status of chinchillas raised in south Brazil.

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