Effects of Dimethoate Insecticide on Serum Biochemistry of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juveniles

The present study was designed to investigate acute toxicity of dimethoate on juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Catfish with mean weight and length of 24.01 ± 11.60 g and 13.98 ± 5.66 cm respectively were exposed to sub-lethal levels of dimethoate in static bioassay system for 28 days and mortality data was statistically evaluated using Finney’s Probit analysis. The 96-hour LC50 value for C. gariepinus was estimated as 29.05 mg/l. The value for the LC50 was used in deducing the sub-lethal concentrations (0.01, 0.15and 0.29 mg/l). Biochemical changes in the serum such as glycogen, total protein, cholesterol, urea and creatinine were analyzed after the exposure period (28 days). The glycogenlevel decreased in all sublethal exposures. An increase in cholesterol at lower exposure concentration, followed by slight increase in urea and creatinine among treated groups was recorded. Behavioural changes which includes changes in skin colour, jerking, restlessness, erratic swimming, among others were observed. Based on the result of this study, it was concluded that C. gariepinus juveniles are very sensitive to low concentration of dimethoate. Dimethoate is highly toxic to juvenile catfishes and as such measures must be taken to avoid its run-off into our aquatic environment thus jeopardizing the recruitment of juvenile catfishes into the fishery.

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Effect of N- 3, 4-Dichlorophenyl -N, N-Dimethylurea (Diuron) Herbicide to Serum Biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus

Nigerian Journal of Technological Research ◽

10.4314/njtr.v16i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

O.M. Popoola ◽

L.O. Olasoji

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Serum Enzymes ◽

African Catfish ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Toxicity Effects ◽

Biochemical Examination

Assessing the effect of Diuron herbicide on post juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using specific biochemical markers could provide vital information concerning the health status with regards to electrolyte determination. The fishes were subjected to different concentrations of diuron of (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5mgL-1 respectively) for 96hrs and the alterations in the serum enzymes, metabolites and ion level were determined. The lethal concentration (LC50) value of the herbicide was 1.0mg L-1 for 96h of exposure. During the experiment different behavioural changes were observed and recorded and blood samples were collected after 96hours of experiment to check for the effect of fish exposed to different concentration of diuron herbicide and the parameters observed were serum enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST and LDH). Biochemical examination was also carried out to know the changes in Total protein, glucose and cortisol level. Ion level examination was carried out to assess changes in sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-). It was observed that there were significant differences (P˂0.05) in the serum enzymes analysis, biochemical examination and ion level examination and these parameters revealed differences with varying concentrations of diuron herbicide. Thus, diuron possesses toxicity effects on C. gariepinus Keywords: Herbicide, Clarias gariepinus, serum enzymes

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Determination of 96 h LC50 Value and Acute Toxicity of Marshal (Carbosulfan 25%EC) on Thyroid and Reproductive Hormones of Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

Vol. 5, No. 1 - International Journal of Zoological Investigations ◽

10.33745/ijzi.2021.v07i01.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dey Chandrima ◽

Saha Samir Kumar

Keyword(s):

Labeo Rohita ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Reproductive Hormones ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Indian Major Carp ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Serum T3 ◽

Fish Productivity ◽

Carbamate Pesticide

Contamination of water bodies by pesticides can lead to fish death and reduced fish productivity etc. which can affect humans consuming these fishes as a source of protein. The present study was designed to determine the 96h LC50 value of a carbamate pesticide, Marshal (Carbosulfan 25%EC) and to investigate effects of this pesticide on the thyroid and reproductive hormones profile of Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton). The present study indicates that Marshal has potential hormonal stress on Labeo rohita. The mortality data obtained were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 based on Finney’s Probit Analysis Statistical method. The 96h LC50 value for Marshal was found to be 10 ?l/L. Effects of this carbamate pesticide on serum T3, T4 and TSH, testosterone and estradiol were investigated at sub-lethal concentration. Serum T3, T4 and TSH were studied for 96 h and testosterone and estradiol for 4 days and 15 days. These parameters (except TSH) decrease after exposure of the fish to pesticide.

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced cytogenotoxicity and alterations in haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233720948682 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 807-815

Author(s):

Opeoluwa M Ogunsuyi ◽

Elizabeth O Adegoye ◽

Olusegun I Ogunsuyi ◽

Okunola A Alabi ◽

Chibuisi G Alimba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Tap Water ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Negative Control ◽

African Catfish ◽

Mean Cell Volume ◽

Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽

Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

The application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in the manufacturing of consumer products has increased tremendously and with the potential to induce deleterious effects on aquatic biota. There have been reports on metal oxide NP toxicity in aquatic organisms, however, information on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs on the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is scarce. In this study, we investigated the genotoxicity and haematotoxicity of TiO2 NPs in C. gariepinus using the micronucleus (MN) assay and haematological analysis, respectively. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg L−1 concentrations of TiO2 NPs for 7 and 28 days. Benzene (0.05 mL L−1) and dechlorinated tap water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data of the MN showed a significant ( p < 0.05) concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of MN at both exposure periods in comparison to negative control. Red blood cells, haematocrit, platelets and heterophils significantly reduced with an increased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and lymphocytes at the 7-day exposure period, while in the 28-day exposure period, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and lymphocytes had a significant increase in comparison with the negative control. This study indicates that TiO2 NPs induced cytogenetic and haematological alterations in C. gariepinus and is of relevance in biodiversity and aquatic health management.

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Toxicity of glyphosate-based isopropylamine salt and polyethoxylated tallow amine formulations on juvenile Clarias gariepinus

Journal of Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.4314/jas.v36i1.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 63-73

Author(s):

A.B. Ella ◽

E.T. Azua ◽

C.U. Aguoru ◽

A.A. Onekutu ◽

F.A. Ella

Keyword(s):

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Fish Mortality ◽

African Catfish ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Tail Movement ◽

Glyphosate Formulation ◽

Lower Limits ◽

Eventual Death

The formulation of glyphosate composed of Isopropylamine salt and Polyethoxylated tallow Amine (Clearweed) is widely used as herbicide to control weeds both in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. A static bioassay was conducted to examine toxicity of this formulation on juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Catfish juvenile (mean weight 27.97±0.03g) were exposed to glyphosate at concentrations of 0.00mg/l (control), 5.00, 7.50, 10.00, 12.50 and 15.00mg/l. Each concentration was treated in triplicate and the exposure period lasted for 96 hrs. Mortality rates and physico-chemical parameters of water were monitored. Results revealed that fish mortality increased with increasing concentration of glyphosate and time of exposure. The median lethal concentration (96-hr LC50) value was 8.88mg/l with the upper and lower limits of 9.10mg/l and 7.75mg/l respectively. Behavioural changes observed the treated fish included: erratic swimming, jerky movement, increased opercula and tail movements, gulping of air, lost of balance and consciousness, cessation of opercula and tail movement signifying eventual death. Water quality parameters increased significantly (p<0.05) with extract concentration except dissolve oxygen levels which reduced (p<0.05). However, all values reported were within the permissible limits of the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) for water samples. The results of this study indicated that glyphosate formulation has toxic effects on catfish. Thus, the herbicide should be cautiously used to avoid ecotoxicological hazards particularly on non-target organisms.

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Reference Intervals for the Serum Biochemistry and Lipid Profile of Male Broodstock African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus: Burchell, 1822) at Varied Ages

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb849851 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 437-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chidozie Nwabuisi OKOYE ◽

Susan Omoboba DAN-JUMBO ◽

Onyinyechukwu Ada AGINA ◽

Ukamaka Uchenna EZE ◽

Anietie Francis UDOUMOH

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

African Catfish ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽

Age Variations

The study established reference intervals and age variations in the serum biochemistry and lipid profile of cultured male broodstock African catfish. The evaluations were carried out on twenty-five (25) cultured male broodstock African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) of 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12 months of age. Standard biochemical procedures were carried out in all the serum biochemistry and lipid profile determinations. The overall mean ± SD values for the serum biochemistry parameters and lipid profile were as follows: alanine aminotransferase 17.49 ± 8.30 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase 125.76 ± 28.59 U/L; alkaline phosphatase 12.42 ± 2.56 U/L; total proteins 3.70 ± 1.49 g/dl; albumin 1.60 ± 0.30 g/dl; globulin 2.10 ± 1.38 g/dl; albumin/globulin 1.53 ± 1.71; total bilirubin 1.71 ± 0.51 mg/dl; direct bilirubin 0.36 ± 0.43 mg/dl; indirect bilirubin 1.35 ± 0.52 mg/dl; creatinine 1.13 ± 0.64 mg/dl; blood urea nitrogen 2.18 ± 2.47 mg/dl; total cholesterol 128.18 ± 40.22 mg/dl; HDL-C 26.36 ± 3.73 mg/dl; LDL-C 75.44 ± 9.30 mg/dl; VLDL-C 32.00 ± 2.03 mg/dl and triglyceride 160.00 ± 10.15 mg/dl. The results showed significant (P < 0.05) variations in all the serum biochemistry parameters and lipid profile of the studied fishes, across the different age groups except in the serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Therefore, the current report offers information that shall be useful to all carrying out experimental studies involving assay of these parameters in male broodstock African catfish.

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Laboratory and field studies on the use of artificial mussels as a monitoring tool of platinum exposure in the freshwater environment

Environmental Sciences Europe ◽

10.1186/s12302-021-00461-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marelize Labuschagne ◽

Sonja Zimmermann ◽

Nico J. Smit ◽

Johannes H. Erasmus ◽

Milen Nachev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Mining Area ◽

Freshwater Ecosystem ◽

Exposure Concentration ◽

Sampling Device ◽

Freshwater Environment ◽

Permeable Membrane ◽

Chelex 100 ◽

Water Hyacinths

Abstract Background The artificial mussel (AM) is a passive sampling device that was originally developed for monitoring metal concentrations in the marine environment, but is also increasingly used in freshwater environments. The AM consists of a non-permeable Perspex tube, which is closed on both sides with a semi-permeable membrane. The space in between contains Chelex-100 beads, which bind metals. The AM allows the determination of the dissolved, bioaccessible metal fraction in water bodies without killing organisms, as well as environments with unfavorable conditions for living bioindicators. In the present study, the use of the AM was adapted for the monitoring of platinum (Pt) in a freshwater ecosystem. Results The elution of Pt from the Chelex-100 beads was optimized. Two modifications to the original method for the use of AMs are recommended, i.e., washing and separation of the beads through centrifugation and elution with a mixture of 4.5 mL HNO3 and 0.5 mL HCl for approximately 2–3 h to ensure the release of all Pt bound to the beads. Additionally, the uptake kinetics of the AM were determined under laboratory conditions over a wide exposure concentration range (0.1–1000 µg/L) showing highly correlated Pt accumulation in the AMs with the aqueous exposure concentration. For the tested Pt exposure concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/L, the Pt concentrations in the AMs increased during the exposure period of 6 weeks. At the highest exposure concentration of 1000 µg/L, the increase stagnated after 3 weeks. To validate the AM in the field, the Pt accumulation of the AM was assessed together with that of freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminalis africana), muscle and liver tissue of the three fish species sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), as well as water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) at two sampling sites in the Pt mining area of South Africa. Conclusion Results from the present study showed that the AM is a promising tool to monitor Pt concentrations in the freshwater environment at contaminated sites.

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Uji Toksisitas Akut Logam Timbal (Pb), Krom (Cr) dan Kobalt (Co) terhadap Daphnia Magna

Jurnal Dampak ◽

10.25077/dampak.14.1.33-40.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tivany Edwin ◽

Taufiq Ihsan ◽

Windy Pratiwi

Keyword(s):

Daphnia Magna ◽

Preliminary Test ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Analysis Program ◽

Metallic Lead ◽

Static Test ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Program Version

This study aimed to analyze the LC50 value of metallic lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and cobalt (Co) contained in the printing industry wastewater to Daphnia magna and analyze the relationship of these metals to the LC50 value. The measurement results konsnetrasi Pb and Cr do not exceed the quality standards established, but the metals Co exceeds quality standards. Toxicity of Pb, Cr, and Co were tested in static test using artificial solution of Pb, Cr, and Co in accordance with the concentration measured in the wastewater. Tests carried out consisted of two stages: a preliminary test and test base. Daphnia magna mortality data were analyzed using Probit method with the EPA program Probit Analysis Program Version 1.5. 24-hour LC50 value of Pb, Cr, and Co to Daphnia magna is 1.052% and the LC50 values of Pb, Cr, and Co are respectively 0.003 mg / l, 0.008 mg / l and 0.009 mg / l. All three metals have included the category of very toxic to Dahnia magna.Keywords: Pb, Cr, Co, Daphnia magna, LC50Abstrak-Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai LC50 logam timbal (Pb), Krom (Cr), dan Kobalt (Co) yang terdapat pada limbah cair industri percetakan terhadap Daphnia magna serta menganalisis hubungan logam tersebut terhadap nilai LC50. Hasil pengukuran konsnetrasi logam Pb dan Cr tidak melebihi baku mutu yang ditetapkan, namun logam Co melebihi baku mutu. Toksisitas logam Pb, Cr, dan Co diuji dalam static test menggunakan larutan artifisial logam Pb, Cr, dan Co sesuai dengan konsentrasi terukur pada limbah cair. Pengujian dilakukan terdiri dari 2 tahap yaitu uji pendahuluan dan uji dasar. Data kematian Daphnia magna dianalisis menggunakan Metode Probit dengan program EPA Probit Analysis Program Version 1.5. Nilai LC50 24 jam logam Pb, Cr, dan Co terhadap Daphnia magna adalah 1,052% dan nilai LC50 logam Pb, Cr, dan Co berturut-turut adalah 0,003 mg/l, 0,008 mg/l, dan 0,009 mg/l. Ketiga logam ini termasuk kategori sangat toksik terhadap Dahnia magna.Kata Kunci: Pb, Cr, Co, Daphnia magna, LC50

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Evaluation of induced spawning on oocyte characteristics and serum biochemistry of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Comparative Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1007/s00580-019-03038-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 103-114

Author(s):

Chidozie Nwabuisi Okoye ◽

Susan Omoboba Dan-Jumbo ◽

Calistus Onyedika Emejue ◽

Anietie Francis Udoumoh ◽

Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

African Catfish ◽

Induced Spawning

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Haematological Response of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) Fingerlings Exposed to Different Concentrations of Tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) Leaf Dust

ISRN Zoology ◽

10.1155/2013/492613 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Safina M. Musa ◽

Christopher Mulanda Aura ◽

Erick Ochieng Ogello ◽

Reuben Omondi ◽

Harrison Charo-Karisa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

African Catfish ◽

Fish Ponds ◽

Tobacco Leaf ◽

Baseline Information ◽

Safe Limits

The present study set out to investigate the haematological effects of tobacco leaf dust on African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, fingerlings, with a mean weight of 3.01 ± 1.25 g using “static renewal bioassay system” during a 120-hour bioassay exposure period. Water quality parameters such as pH and dissolved oxygen significantly decreased while total alkalinity and conductivity increased significantly in the exposed media, compared to the control test. Leucocytes counts increased significantly while erythrocytes counts decreased significantly with increasing concentration of tobacco dust. Packed cell volume significantly reduced with increase in the concentration of tobacco dust. Haematological examination showed that there was destruction of the erythrocytes production, and the concentration of haemoglobin was much lower in the exposed fish compared to the control depicting an anaemic condition. The results could provide baseline information for the safe limits of using tobacco leaf dust in fish ponds; hence 1.56 g L−1 concentration of tobacco leaf dust was recommended for pond preparation for Clarias gariepinus fingerling stocking. For better survival rates, the fish should only be introduced in the pond after three days of tobacco application.

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