Organochlorine Insecticides and Industrial Pollutants in the Milk Supply of the Southern Region of Ontario, Canada

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRANK ◽  
E. H. SMITH ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
M. HOLDRINET ◽  
J. W. McWADE
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
Organochlorine Insecticides ◽  
Cyclodiene Insecticides ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

A province-wide survey conducted between 1967 and 1969 revealed that milk produced in the Southern region had the highest residues of organochlorine insecticides in Ontario. It was in this region where 90% of the organochlorine insecticides purchased in the province were applied. In 1969–70 restrictions were placed on DDT and the cyclodiene insecticides. Disappearance of these organochlorine insecticides from milk were studied in surveys conducted in 1970–71 and 1973. The mean ∑DDT levels declined from 0.20 ppm in 1967 to 0.05 ppm in 1973, whereas the mean dieldrin residues declined from 0.044 ppm to 0.015 ppm in the same period. These data include counties where there had been only small reductions in the use of DDT and where milk residues remained unchanged until further restrictions were effected in 1971. Residues of lindane and heptachlor epoxide were virtually absent from milk fat. Chlordane, endosulfan, methoxychlor and endrin were absent from all samples in spite of increasing quantities being used of the first two insecticides. Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls appeared slightly higher in the 1973 survey than in the 1970–71 survey. Hexachlorobenzene was present at very low levels in the 1973 survey.

Organochlorine Insecticides and Industrial Pollutants in the Milk Supply of Southern Ontario, Canada — 1977

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRANK ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
M. HOLDRINET ◽  
G. J. SIRONS ◽  
E. H. SMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Chlorinated Phenols ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Organochlorine Insecticides ◽  
Similar Survey

During the summer of 1977 milk samples were collected from 308 bulk transporters picking up milk in the southern region of Ontario. These milk samples were subjected to a comprehensive analysis for organochlorine insecticides and selected halogenated industrial pollutants. Ninety-five percent of samples contained residues of p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide and PCB, 68% contained residues of HCB, and 16% contained residues of p,p′-DDE and p,p′-TDE; chlordane and endosulfan were detected in only a few samples. Residues of aldrin, endrin, lindane, methoxychlor, mirex, PBB and chlorinated phenols were not detected. Mean residues of insecticides in milk fat were ∑DDT, 0.015 ppm; dieldrin, 0.011 ppm; heptachlor epoxide. 0.002 ppm; endosulfan, 0.001 ppm; and chlordane, <0.001 ppm. Mean residues of industrial pollutants in milk fat were 0.033 ppm PCB and 0.002 ppm HCB. Compared with a similar survey conducted in 1973 for an approximately identical geographical area, levels of ∑DDT, PCB, and HCB showed a significant decrease. dieldrin showed only a slight decrease and heptochlor epoxide and chlordane increased. Reports are presented on individual case histories involving the misapplication of endrin, lindane, and fenthion to dairy cattle. The rate of elimination of these compounds from milk is presented.

Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Insecticides and Industrial Pollutants in the Milk Supplies of Ontario – 1983

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRANK ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
G. H. SIRONS ◽  
J. RASPER ◽  
G. G. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Case History ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Low Levels

During the spring of 1983, fluid milk samples were collected from 359 bulk transporters representing 16 counties, municipalities and districts of Ontario, and were analyzed for organochlorine and organophosphorus insecticides plus selected halogenated industrial pollutants. Dieldrin, p,p′-DDE, heptachlor epoxide, and α-BHC were found in over 90% of samples, but none exceeded the accepted maximum residue limits. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), lindane and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were found in 83, 68 and 57% of samples, respectively, with four samples exceeding the permissable PCB limit and one sample exceeding the permissable PCP limit. Residues of chlordane, endosulfan, p,p′-TDE, and p,p′-DDT were identified in only 1.9 to 4.7% of samples, and were present at levels only slightly above the detection limits. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was found at low levels in 40% of samples. Mean residues of organochlorines found were as follows (μg/kg butterfat): ∑DDT - 12; α-BHC - 5.3; lindane - 4.0; heptachlor epoxide - 3.9; dieldrin - 6.2; HCB - 0.67; PCB - 24; and PCP - 29. No residues of six organophosphorus insecticides, endrin, methoxychlor or mirex were detected in any samples. This survey was the sixth in a series beginning in 1967. Half-residue disappearance rates were calculated at 3.5, 5.4, 5.6 and 3.0 years for ∑DDT, dieldrin, PCB and HCB, respectively. A case history is included involving the misapplication of fenthion to a dairy herd which revealed a half-residue elimination from milk in approximately 3 d.

scholarly journals Occurrence of a Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Congener in Surface Water, Sediments and Blackchin Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) from Ologe Lagoon, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1805-1811
Author(s):  
H.E. Obanya ◽  
C. Ntor ◽  
C.U. Okoroafor ◽  
R. Nwanze
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organochlorine chemicals that are toxic to aquatic organisms and humans. PCBs levels were assessed in surface water, sediments and fish from Ologe Lagoon, a major water body receiving treated effluents from Agbara Industrial Estate, using Gas Chromatograph-Electron Capture Detector (GCECD). 2,4,4’-Trichlorobiphenyl (2,4,4’-TCB) was the only PCB congener detected in the assessed matrices. Sediment 2,4,4’-TCB levels ranged from 0.0033±0.00333 to 0.0430 ± 0.00351ng/g. There was a significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation in the levels in sediments and surface water. The level in surface water from Zone 3 was above USEPA’s safe limit (0.0005 mg/L) in the rainy season. There was no significant (p > 0.05) seasonal difference in the mean concentrations of 2,4,4’-TCB in fish, and the levels were lower than WHO’s safe limit (0.2 mg/kg). Based on the negligible to low levels of 2,4,4’-TCB in S. melanotheron inhabiting the lagoon, the fish was considered safe for consumption. Levels of 2,4,4’- TCB found in the sediments and surface water in this study indicate that levels may change with season, therefore, we recommend that the concentrations of the compound are regularly monitored in order to timely avert toxic levels of bioavailable 2,4,4’-TCB in the water body.Keywords: Polychlorinated biphenyls, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Sediments, Surface water.

Pattern of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone and androgen in non-pregnant buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Arora ◽  
R. S. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Androgen Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Domestic buffaloes were used to characterize the pattern of progesterone, oestradiol-17β, LH and androgen in the systemic circulation following infertile insemination. Concentrations of hormones were measured by RIA in blood samples collected daily or at alternate days following insemination. The concentration of progesterone was lowest on the day of insemination, and increased significantly to a peak level of 4.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml by day 13 post insemination. After day 17, it declined significantly (P < 0.01) to reach low levels by day 21. The concentration of oestradiol-17β was high at the time of insemination and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 2 after insemination. It was maintained around the basal level till day 18 with minor peaks in between this period. It again rose significantly (P < 0.01) at subsequent oestrus. The mean level of LH was highest at the time of insemination, and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 1 post insemination. It did not vary appreciably till the animal returned to oestrus. The oestrous value of LH and progesterone were negatively correlated (r = −0.77). The androgen level was observed to be high at insemination in 3 out of 5 animals, but the overall pattern of this steroid was inconsistent during the period studied. A high concentration of androgen was recorded in all the animals from day 2–5 before the onset of oestrus.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS ELIGIBLE FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Aparecida Nogueira de Almeida RIBEIRO ◽  
Helenice Brizolla GIAMPIETRO ◽  
Lídia Barbieri BELARMINO ◽  
Wilson SALGADO-JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Binge Eating Scale ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background: The psychologist who works in bariatric surgery has a role to receive, evaluate, prepare and educate the patient who will undergo the surgical procedure. Psychological evaluation becomes important in so far as allows us to obtain data on personal and familiar history and allow tracing of possible psychopathology. Aim: To collect data on psychological evaluations of patients in a bariatric surgery service of a public hospital in order to describe the psychological profile of patients in this service. Method: Data were collected from 827 patients between 2001 and 2015, using data from an interview, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Binge Eating Scale (BES). Results: The mean age of patients before surgery was 39 years+/- 10, the mean BMI was 51 kg/m²+7, and most patients (81%) were female. The average score on the BDI was 14.8+8 and women had significantly higher scores than men. On the BAI the average score was 11+8 and on the ECAP was 14+8, both with no difference between groups. Conclusions: Psychosocial characteristics of the patients points to the significant presence of indicators of depression, with low levels of anxiety and binge eating.

Pyridoxine Deficiency After Solid Organ Transplant

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Summer Van Arsdale ◽  
Sarah E. Yost ◽  
Chiu-Hsieh Hsu ◽  
Mary Meer ◽  
Shari Schoentag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Pyridoxine Deficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

Objective: Pyridoxine is 1 of 8 B vitamins that assist in a variety of essential functions including immune functions. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with low pyridoxine levels in solid organ transplantation recipients. Design: The study cohort was divided into 2 groups: (a) patients with normal pyridoxine levels or (b) patients with low pyridoxine levels. Dietary evaluation and clinical characteristics of all patients, rejection episodes, and immunosuppression were collected. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the overall cohort. Results: Of the 48 patients, 29 (60%) in the study cohort were identified to have low pyridoxine levels. The mean interval between transplantation and pyridoxine level check was 910 days (standard deviation [SD] 456). The mean weight at the time of dietary consultation was 80 kg (SD 20.7). More patients in the deficient group received thymoglobulin for rejection treatment (56% vs 0%; P = .01) and were thymoglobulin recipients (78% vs 10%; odds ratio [OR] = 31.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35-422.30; P < .01). A strong correlation was identified between thymoglobulin treatment for induction and a low level of pyridoxine (correlation coefficient R = 0.6, P = .004) and between thymoglobulin treatment for rejection and a low pyridoxine level (correlation coefficient R = 0.5, P = .05). Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, only thymoglobulin treatment (induction or rejection treatment) was significantly associated with low pyridoxine levels (OR = 19.5, 95% CI, 1.01-375.24; P < .05). Conclusions: Low levels of pyridoxine appear to be relatively common, and thymoglobulin treatments are associated with low pyridoxine levels. Prospective studies are needed to confirm and valuate the significance of these findings.

scholarly journals Main features of Poaceae pollen season in Madeira region (Portugal)

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-372
Author(s):  
Irene Câmara Camacho ◽  
Rita Câmara ◽  
Roberto Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Madeira Island ◽  
Poaceae Pollen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

<p>The pollinic spectrum of the Madeira region is dominated by grass pollen, which also represents an important aeroallergen in Europe. The present work aims to analyze the main features of the Poaceae pollen season in the Madeira region to determine the allergic risk. The study took place in Funchal city, the capital of Madeira Island, over a period of 10 years (2003–2012). The airborne pollen monitoring was carried out with a Hirst type volumetric trap, following well-established guidelines.</p><p>In the atmosphere of Funchal, the mean annual Poaceae pollen index was 229. The mean Poaceae pollen season lasts 275 days, with an onset date in January/March and an end date in November/December. Poaceae counts showed a seasonal variation with 2 distinct peaks: a higher peak between March and June, and the second one in autumn. The peak values occurred mainly between April and June, and the highest peak was 93 grains/m<sup>3</sup>, detected on the 27th May of 2010. The Poaceae pollen remaining at low levels during the whole growing season, presenting a nil to low allergenic risk during most of the study period. Higher critical levels of allergens have been revealed after 2006. In general, the pollen risk from Poaceae lasted only a few days per year, despite the very long pollen season and the abundance of grasses in the landscape of Madeira Island.</p>

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.5 mg OF CHLORMADINONE ACETATE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TOTAL OESTROGENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Larsson-Cohn ◽  
E. D. B. Johansson ◽  
L. Wide ◽  
C. Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Chlormadinone Acetate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
All Treatment

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and total oestrogens were performed in 6 subjects during one control cycle, immediately followed by three cycles of daily treatment with 0.5 mg of chlormadinone acetate continuously. The control cycles were ovulatory according to the parameters investigated. Two of the women showed a normal LH excretion pattern in all treatment cycles. The four other subjects also had periodical variations in the LH excretion but no distinct midcycle peaks occurred. The mean oestrogen excretion was increased in all three treatment cycles but the difference was satistically significant only in the last two cycles. Compared with the treatment cycles, the sum of progesterone values was significantly decreased in the first two cycles. Chlormadinone acetate in this dose had no thermogenic effect. Three of the subjects showed bleeding irregularities which had no clear connection with the hormone variations measured in the study. It is suggested that the low levels of progesterone might be due to a defective corpus luteum function.

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