Kinetics of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) in Lactating Bovines and Their Distribution in Dairy Products

Lactating cows were given orally, single or multiple graded doses of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) as Aroclor 1254 and the tissue distribution and excretion were measured. Persistence of PCB in milk was determined at all dose levels of PCB administered. A distinct predilection of PCB for tissues with high lipid content was noted. Similarly, PCB appeared in higher concentration in dairy products with high fat content.

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Kinetics of Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Fat Waste with Saponification Pre-Treatment

Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ◽

10.22146/jrekpros.48959 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rifki Wahyu Kurnianto ◽

Wiratni Budhijanto ◽

Rochim Bakti Cahyono

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Organic Waste ◽

High Lipid Content ◽

Dairy Fat ◽

High Lipid ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Floating Layer

Anaerobic digestion has been an attractive field of research in the era of energy crisis. Biogas, which is the product of anaerobic digestion, provides alternative energy, while at the same time it also prevents pollution due to organic waste accumulation. Among various organic wastes, dairy fat waste is a potential substrate for anaerobic digestion. Fat waste has high theoretical biogas potential because of its high lipid content. However, anaerobic digestion of organic waste with high lipid content is quite challenging. The main obstacle in anaerobic digestion of fat waste is its tendency to form insoluble floating layer on top of the liquid phase. This phenomenon hinders the access of hydrolytic bacteria to the substrate. Saponification is one of the methods to increase the solubility of the floating layer and hence to improve the availability of substrate for the bacteria. Saponification changes the lipid content into soap which has both polar and non-polar functional groups and the polar side will increase the solubility of the substrate in water. This study evaluated the effect of different dosage of base added as the reactant during saponification pre-treatment on the productivity of anaerobic digestion of dairy fat waste. The kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process was analyzed by mean of mathematical model. The variations of the alkaline dosages studied for saponification pre-treatment were 0.04 mol base/g sCOD; 0.02 mol base/g sCOD; and no pre-treatment for control reactor. This study proved that saponification increased the solubility of dairy fat waste. This result was confirmed by the hydrolysis constant value (kH) of 0.00782/day for reactor with saponification, which was twenty times of magnitude higher than the kH value of 0.00032/day in the reactor without saponification. However, the exposure to high pH during the saponification pre-treatment might somewhat inhibit indigenous acidogenic bacteria in the waste which results in lower methane yield in the reactors with saponification to be compared to the control reactor. A B S T R A KPeruraian anaerobik merupakan salah satu bidang riset yang sangat menarik perhatian dalam era krisis energi. Biogas tidak hanya menyediakan energi alternatif, tetapi juga dapat mencegah pencemaran akibat limbah organik. Limbah lemak susu adalah substrat yang potensial untuk proses peruraian anaerobik karena memiliki potensi biogas teoritis yang tinggi akibat kandungan lemaknya yang tinggi. Namun, peruraian anaerobik dari limbah organik dengan kandungan lemak yang tinggi memiliki tantangan tersendiri. Hambatan utama dalam peruraian anaerobik dari limbah lemak susu adalah kecenderungan untuk membentuk lapisan padatan yang tidak larut dan mengapung di bagian atas fase cair. Fenomena ini menghambat akses bakteri hidrolisis terhadap substrat. Saponifikasi adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kelarutan lapisan padatan tersebut, sehingga meningkatkan ketersediaan substrat untuk bakteri. Saponifikasi akan mengubah kandungan lemak menjadi sabun yang memiliki gugus fungsi polar maupun non-polar. Gugus fungsi yang bersifat polar akan meningkatkan kelarutan substrat dalam air. Studi ini mengevaluasi pengaruh dari berbagai dosis larutan basa yang ditambahkan sebagai reaktan selama perlakuan awal saponifikasi terhadap peruraian anaerobik limbah lemak susu. Kinetika proses peruraian anaerobik dianalisis dengan menggunakan model matematika. Variasi dosis yang diamati pengaruhnya untuk perlakuan awal saponifikasi adalah 0,04 mol basa/g sCOD; 0,02 mol basa/g sCOD; dan nol (tanpa perlakuan awal saponifikasi). Dari penelitian ini, terbukti bahwa saponifikasi berhasil meningkatkan kelarutan limbah lemak susu dan juga ditunjukkan oleh nilai konstanta hidrolisis (kH) 0,00782/hari lebih tinggi dua puluh kali lipat dibandingkan dengan nilai kH 0,00032/hari pada reaktor tanpa saponifikasi. Akan tetapi, penelitian ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa bakteri asidogenik bawaan substrat terhambat kinerjanya oleh paparan pH yang tinggi selama perlakuan awal saponifikasi berlangsung sehingga hasil gas metan yang diperoleh lebih rendah daripada reaktor kontrol.

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Magnetic resonance imaging for aspirated peanut in the bronchus

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s002221510012818x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 108 (9) ◽

pp. 804-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yasuo Hisa ◽

Keigo Tatemoto ◽

Kenji Dejima ◽

Yasuyuki Nishiyama ◽

Yukari Masuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Main Bronchus ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

High Fat ◽

X Ray ◽

High Lipid ◽

The Right ◽

Mri Image

AbstractPeanut inhalation in the right main bronchus of a 15-month-old boy was diagnosed using a T1-weighted image produced by magnetic reasonance imaging (MRI) because of the high fat content of the peanut. The T1-weighted MRI image may also be useful in diagnosing other kinds of aspirated nuts with high lipid content as well as peanuts. This method does not involve any X-ray exposure.

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Human fatty acid synthase mRNA: tissue distribution, genetic mapping, and kinetics of decay after glucose deprivation

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39738-8 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 1507-1521

Author(s):

C F Semenkovich ◽

T Coleman ◽

F T Fiedorek

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Genetic Mapping ◽

Tissue Distribution ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Glucose Deprivation ◽

Mrna Tissue Distribution ◽

Kinetics Of

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Leaching Rate of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) from Marine Paint Chips

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00244-021-00868-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Allen D. Uhler ◽

Jeffery H. Hardenstine ◽

Deborah A. Edwards ◽

Guilherme R. Lotufo

Keyword(s):

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Leaching Rate ◽

Short Term ◽

Aroclor 1254 ◽

Maintenance And Repair ◽

Potential Source ◽

Vessel Bottom ◽

Dissolved Phase ◽

Over Time

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were added to certain marine vessel bottom paints as a plasticizer to improve the adhesion and durability of the paint. The most common PCB formulation used to amend such paints was Aroclor 1254. Fugitive Aroclor-containing paint chips generated from vessel maintenance and repair operations represent a potential source of PCB contamination to sediments. Limited published studies indicate that Aroclor-containing paint is largely inert and exhibits low PCB leaching into water; however, the rate and degree of leaching of PCBs from paint chips have not been directly studied. This laboratory-based study evaluated the rate and extent of leaching of PCBs from paint chips into freshwater. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the rate of PCB dissolution from paint chips decreased rapidly and exponentially over time. Based on this study, it is estimated that the rate of leaching of PCBs from paint chips would cease after approximately 3 years of exposure to water. When all leachable PCBs were exhausted, it is estimated that less than 1% of the mass of PCBs in the paint chips was amenable to dissolution. The results of this experiment suggest that Aroclor-containing paint chips found in sediments are likely short-term sources of dissolved-phase PCB to pore or surface waters and that the majority of the PCBs in paint chips remain in the paint matrix and unavailable for partitioning into water. Graphic Abstract

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Biological activity associated with noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyls after microbial dechlorination of aroclor 1242® and aroclor 1254®

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1002/etc.5620190513 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 1311-1316 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Patricia E. Ganey ◽

John F. Quensen ◽

Mahmoud A. Mousa ◽

Stephen A. Boyd ◽

Margaret A. Wagner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Aroclor 1254 ◽

Aroclor 1242 ◽

Microbial Dechlorination

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Abstract P178: Dairy Consumption and Risk of Becoming Overweight or Obese in Middle-Aged and Older Women.

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p178 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Susanne Rautiainen ◽

Lu Wang ◽

I-Min Lee ◽

JoAnn E Manson ◽

Julie E Buring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Health Study ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Dairy Intake ◽

Dairy Consumption ◽

History Of

Background: Dairy products have been positively associated with weight loss and inversely associated with weight gain. However, limited number of studies has investigated the role of dairy consumption in the prevention of becoming overweight or obese. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how consumption of dairy products was associated with the risk of becoming overweight or obese among initially normal-weight women. Methods: We studied 19,180 women aged ≥45y from the Women’s Health Study free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and diabetes with an initial body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-<25 kg/m 2 . Dairy intake was assessed through a 131-item food-frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was defined as the sum of servings per day of low-fat dairy products (skim/low-fat milk, sherbet, yogurt, and cottage/ricotta cheese) and high-fat dairy products (whole milk, cream, sour cream, ice cream, cream cheese, other cheese, and butter). Women self-reported body weight along with obesity-related risk factors on baseline and annual follow-up questionnaires. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, we included the following covariates: baseline age, randomization treatment, BMI, smoking status, vigorous exercise, postmenopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, history of hypercholesterolemia, history of hypertension, multivitamin use, alcohol intake, total energy intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. Results: During a mean follow-up of 11.2y (216,979 person-years), 8,582 women became overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 ). The multivariable-adjusted mean changes in body weight (95% confidence interval (CI)) during the follow-up were 3.9 (3.5-4.3), 3.9 (3.5-4.2), 3.8 (3.5-4.2), 3.7 (3.4-4.1), and 3.4 (3.0-3.7) lbs in quintiles 1-5 of total dairy consumption (P-trend: 0.01), respectively. In multivariable-adjusted analyses (Table 1) , women in the highest versus lowest quintile of had a rate ratio (RR) of 0.91 (0.84-0.98, P-trend: 0.16) of becoming overweight or obese. No associations were observed in highest quintiles of low-fat dairy and high-fat dairy intakes. Conclusion: Greater consumption of dairy products may be inversely ssociated with risk of becoming overweight or obese in women.

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PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ANTI-OBESITY POTENTIAL OF ACORUS CALAMUS LINN. IN HIGH FAT CAFETERIA DIET FED OBESE RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16893 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Athesh K ◽

Joshi G

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Fat Pad ◽

High Fat ◽

Dose Levels ◽

Dose Dependent

Objective: To study the anti-obesity potential of aqueous rhizome extract of Acoruscalamus Linn. (AREAC)in high fat diet fed obese rats.Methods: Adult strain male Wistar rats used in this study were fed with High Fat Diet (HFD) for 60 days. For the treatment groups,AREAC was administered in a dose levels of100, 200 and 300 mg/kgbw, orally once a day along with HFD. Rats fed with normal pellet chow were served as normal control. The effect of AREAC on physical parameterssuch as body weight, organ weight, fat pad weights and various biochemical parameterslike serum glucose, insulin, leptin,lipid profile, liver markers, kidney markers and oxidative stress markers were analysed.In-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay of AREAC was also studied.Results: Data of in-vivo studies revealedsignificant (p<0.05) reduction in percentage body weight gain, organ weights, fat pad weights and levels of serum glucose, insulin and leptin after treatment with AREAC in a dose dependent manner. Also, administration of AREAC significantly inhibited the increases in the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, free-fatty acid and phospholipids in a dose dependent manner whereas, the level of HDL-cholesterol was found to be elevated on treatment. Moreover, on treatment with test drug,the elevated levels of serum liver and kidney markerssuch as AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine were also brought back to near normalcy. Antioxidant status was found to be enhanced in liver tissues after treatment.In-vitro studies showed significant inhibition in the activity of pancreatic lipaseby AREAC.Conclusion: The data of the results obtained clearly depicted that AREAC was found to have pronounced anti-obesity activity particularly at the dose levels of 300 mg/kg bw.Key Words: Obesity, High Fat Diet, Leptin, AcoruscalamusLinn., Orlistat.

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