Antimicrobial Effect of Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene on Staphylococcus aureus1

The antimicrobial effect of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on three enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI) was evaluated by turbidity measurements. Also, the interaction of these compounds with pH and NaCl on growth of S. aureus strain 100 was measured. Inhibition of S. aureus growth increased with an increase in the concentration of BHA and/or BHT. Complete inhibition of S. aureus growth occurred in BHI with 1.12 μmole of BHA/ml or 0.70 μmole of BHT/ml as well as with a combination of 0.25 μmole of both BHT and BHA/ml. Inhibition of S. aureus growth by BHA or BHT was substantial at pH 7.0 and with 2% NaCl. When 0.84 μmole or greater of BHA/ml and 0.47 μmole or greater of BHT/ml were added to BHL, growth of S. aureus 100 was inhibited to the extent that enterotoxin A could not be detected after 24 h of incubation.

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An inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2001.7.1-2.121 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (1-2) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

A. A. Al Sulami ◽

K. K. Al Rubiay ◽

A. M. Affat

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽

Aureus Strain ◽

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽

Exfoliative Toxin

We describe here an inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin. The toxin was extracted from an S. aureus strain isolated from a case of staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome. The activity of the toxin was compared in tryptic soy broth and brain heart infusion broth. Both supported growth of S. aureus but the culture filtrate of brain heart infusion broth lacked exfoliative toxin activity. Furthermore it appeared to contain a substance that neutralized the action of exfoliative toxin. This suggests the possibility of a treatment for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and bullous impetigo.

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The Antimicrobial Effect of Fluorides (Acidulated Phosphate, Sodium and Stannous) on Actinomyces viscosus

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345790580081301 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 1824-1829 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Nancy A. Yoon ◽

Charles W. Berry

Keyword(s):

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽

Stannous Fluoride ◽

Effective Growth

The effect of three commercially prepared fluoride compounds (acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23% F-, stannous fluoride 0.4%, and sodium fluoride 0.05%) diluted to various concentrations with brain heart infusion broth, on the growth of five strains of Actinomyces viscosus following 1 and 24 hours' exposure to the fluorides was studied. Results demonstrated that SnF2 was the most effective growth inhibitor of the organisms at 500 ppm F- after 1 hour and at 100 ppm F-after 24 hours' exposure. APF and NaF were not effective within a 1 hour exposure period, but did suppress growth of the organisms at 200 ppm in the cultures exposed for 24 hours.

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INVESTIGAÇÃO DA AÇÃO ANTIMICROBIANA DO LÁTEX DE MANGABEIRA EM DUAS CEPAS DE BACTÉRIAS CAUSADORAS DE PNEUMONIA

Revista Prevenção de Infecção e Saúde ◽

10.26694/repis.v4i0.6991 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Enéas Costa Junior ◽

Anderson Da Cunha Costa ◽

Kivia Ludmilla Carvalho Ferreira ◽

Kelly Maria Rêgo da Silva ◽

Ester Miranda Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Antimicrobial Action ◽

Aureus Strain ◽

Total Inhibition ◽

Two Samples ◽

Hancornia Speciosa

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial action of latex of Hancornia speciosa in two strains of bacteria causing Pneumonia. Method: The latex was collected and divided into two samples, a sample diluted in 5 mL of distilled water and dissolved in pure latex. The latex was then submitted to the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test, evaluating the lowest concentration capable of inhibiting the growth of strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test showed that the diluted latex had no antimicrobial effect in the Staphylococcus aureus strain and showed total inhibition of Escherichia coli growth. In the latex, in its pure form, showed growth in the first three dilutions tested and total inhibition in the others, behaving equally for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Latex has antimicrobial action and low toxicity.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Antioxidants

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-40.8.520 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 520-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

AN LING SHIH ◽

NATHOLYN D. HARRIS

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Propyl Gallate ◽

Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Butylated Hydroxyanisole ◽

E Coli

Tripticase soy broth containing 100, 150, 200 and 400 ppm of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), or combined BHA and propyl gallate was inoculated with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus to determine the antimicrobial effect of these antioxidants. Both propyl gallate and NDGA at 400 ppm had a strong lethal effect against E. coli. BHA and the BHA-propyl gallate combination were more effective against S. aureus than against E. coli. NDGA had the strongest antimicrobial activity. Only 50 ppm of NDGA were highly inhibitory to S. aureus.

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Growth and Production of Enterotoxins A and D by Staphylococcus aureus in Salad Bar Ingredients and Clam Chowder

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-54.11.844 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 54 (11) ◽

pp. 844-847 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

HASSAN GOURAMA ◽

W. Y. J. TSAI ◽

L. B. BULLERMAN

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽

Plate Count ◽

Green Pepper ◽

Blue Cheese ◽

Salad Dressing ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Elisa Technique ◽

Number Of Cells

Growth and production of enterotoxins A and D (SEA, SED) by two strains of Staphylococcus aureus were determined in salad bar ingredients and clam chowder. Salad bar ingredients included lettuce, canned black olives, canned green olives, tomato, green pepper, blue cheese salad dressing, blue cheese crumbles, celery, and croutons. Total S. aureus were determined by plate count on Baird-Parker agar. Enterotoxins were quantified by using an ELISA technique. S. aureus did not survive in salad dressing, with pH 4.3. With the exception of olives and blue cheese, S. aureus survived on all ingredients for more than 12 h. After 24 h, the total number of cells decreased on most of the ingredients. S. aureus grew well on green pepper during the first 24 h, reaching 105 CFU/g, but no enterotoxins were detected. S. aureus also increased in moist and dry plain croutons, but there was no detectable production of enterotoxins. S. aureus growth was excellent in clam chowder with cell counts exceeding 108 CFU/g after 12 h at 42°C. Production of SEA and SED began shortly after 3 h. Maximal levels of SEA and SED were 0.29 and 1.6 ng/g, respectively, after 12 h. In brain heart infusion broth, the production of SEA and SED reached 21.9 and 36.3 ng/ml, respectively, after 24 h at 37°C.

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Growth, Injury, and Survival Potential of Yersinia enterocolitica. Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus in Brine Chiller Conditions†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-60.11.1334 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 1334-1340 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

ARTHUR J. MILLER ◽

JEFFREY E. CALL ◽

B. SHAWN EBLEN

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Survival Potential ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Significant Injury

A model brine system was used to evaluate growth, injury, and survival potential of Yersinia enterocolitica. Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Each strain was incubated for up to 30 days at −12 to 28°C in brain heart infusion broth containing 0.5 to 20% NaCl. Samples were enumerated on a dual agar plating system to assess growth and injury. Y. enterocolitica grew at −2°C in 0.5% brine and at 5°C in 5% NaCl. L. monocytogenes grew at 5°C in 5% NaCl and at 12°C in 9% NaCl. S. aureus grew at 12°C in 5% NaCl. Significant injury was observed for two of the pathogens, but not for L. monocytogenes. Bacteriostatic or lethal conditions were maintained for the three organisms at −2°C and 9% NaCl. While lethal NaCl and temperature combinations were defined for Y. enterocolitica and S. aureus. L. monocytogenes survived for 30 days at −12°C in 20% NaCl. This study provides safety criteria and recommendations for use in the operation of recycle brine systems for cooling processed foods.

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Verification of a Novel Approach to Predicting Effects of Antibiotic Combinations: In Vitro Dynamic Model Study with Daptomycin and Gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9090538 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 538

Author(s):

Maria V. Golikova ◽

Elena N. Strukova ◽

Yury A. Portnoy ◽

Stephen H. Zinner ◽

Alexander A. Firsov

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dynamic Model ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Aureus Strain ◽

Combined Treatments ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Multiple Dosing ◽

Time Curve ◽

Concentration Ratios

To explore whether susceptibility testing with antibiotic combinations at pharmacokinetically derived concentration ratios is predictive of the antimicrobial effect, a Staphylococcus aureus strain was exposed to daptomycin and gentamicin alone or in combination in multiple dosing experiments. The susceptibility of the S. aureus strain to daptomycin and gentamicin in combination was tested at concentration ratios equal to the ratios of 24 h areas under the concentration–time curve (AUC24s) of antibiotics simulated in an in vitro dynamic model in five-day treatments. The MICs of daptomycin and gentamicin decreased in the presence of each other; this led to an increase in the antibiotic AUC24/MIC ratios and the antibacterial effects. Effects of single and combined treatments were plotted against the AUC24/MIC ratios of daptomycin or gentamicin, and a significant sigmoid relationship was obtained. Similarly, when the effects of single and combined treatments were related to the total exposure of both drugs (the sum of AUC24/MIC ratios (∑AUC24/MIC)), a significant sigmoid relationship was obtained. These findings suggest that (1) the effects of antibiotic combinations can be predicted by AUC24/MICs using MICs of each antibacterial determined at pharmacokinetically derived concentration ratios; (2) ∑AUC24/MIC is a reliable predictor of the antibacterial effects of antibiotic combinations.

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Antimicrobial Effect of Conventional Root Canal Medicaments vs Propolis against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1142 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 305-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sudha Mattigatti ◽

Deepak Jain ◽

P Ratnakar ◽

Shridhar Moturi ◽

Sarath Varma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

P Value ◽

Agar Diffusion Test ◽

Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate and compare antimicrobial effect of various root canal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Materials and methods Six root canal medicaments: 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), EDTA, MTAD and propolis and three microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans were used. These strains were inoculated in brain heart infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. For the agar diffusion test (ADT), petri plates with 20 ml of BHI agar were inoculated with 0.1 ml of the microbial suspensions, using sterile swabs that were spread on the medium, obtaining growth injunction. Paper disks were immersed in the experimental solutions for 1 minute. Subsequently, four papers disks containing one of the substances were placed on the BHI agar surface in each agar plate. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. The diameter of microbial inhibition was measured around the papers disks containing the substances. One way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test were used. p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Propolis and other irrigants were found to be effective on C. albicans, S. aureus and E. faecalis. CHX and MTAD were found to be most effective amongst all the materials tested followed by propolis. Conclusion Propolis showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis, S. aureus, C. albicans. It appears that propolis is an effective intracanal irrigant in eradicating E. faecalis and C. albicans. Clinical significance Propolis is an effective intracanal irrigant in eradicating E. faecalis and C. albicans. It could be used as an alternative intracanal medicament. How to cite this article Mattigatti S, Jain D, Ratnakar P, Moturi S, Varma S, Rairam S. Antimicrobial Effect of Conventional Root Canal Medicaments vs Propolis Against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):305-309.

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