Use of Epidemiologic and Food Survey Data To Estimate a Purposefully Conservative Dose-Response Relationship for Listeria monocytogenes Levels and Incidence of Listeriosis†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 918-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. BUCHANAN ◽  
WILLIAM G. DAMERT ◽  
RICHARD C. WHITING ◽  
MICHAEL van SCHOTHORST
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Biological Agent ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

The development of effective quantitative microbial risk-assessment models for foodborne pathogens depends on the availability of data on the consumers' exposure to a biological agent and the dose-response relationship that relates levels of the biological agent ingested with frequency of infection or disease. Information on the latter has historically been acquired from human volunteer feeding studies. However, such studies are not feasible for pathogens that either have a significant risk of being life threatening or for which morbidity is primarily associated with high-risk populations (i.e., immunocompromised persons). For these pathogens, it is proposed that purposefully conservative dose-response relationships can be estimated on the basis of combining available epidemiologic data with food-survey data for a ready-to-eat product. As an example, data on the incidence of listeriosis in Germany were combined with data on the levels of Listeria monocytogenes in smoked fish to generate a dose-response curve for this foodborne pathogen.

scholarly journals Implementing a New Dose-response Model for Estimating Infection Probability of Campylobacter Jejuni based on the Key Events Dose-response Framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Abe ◽  
Kohei Takeoka ◽  
Yuto Fuchisawa ◽  
Kento Koyama ◽  
Shigenobu Koseki
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Key Factor

Abstract Understanding the dose-response relationship between ingested pathogenic bacteria and infection probability is a key factor for appropriate risk assessment of foodborne pathogens. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a novel mechanistic dose-response model for Campylobacter jejuni and simulate the underlying mechanism of foodborne illness during digestion. Bacterial behavior in the human gastrointestinal environment, including gastric reductions, transition to intestines, and invasion to intestinal tissues, was described using a Bayesian statistical model based on the reported experimental results of each process while considering physical food types (liquid or solid) and host age (young or elderly). Combining the models in each process, the relationship between pathogen intake and the cell invasion probability of C. jejuni was estimated and compared with reported epidemiological dose-response relationships. Taking food types into account, estimations of the cell invasion probability of C. jejuni successfully described the reported dose-response relationships from substantial accidents. The developed calculation framework is thus potentially applicable to other pathogens to quantify the dose-response relationship from experimental data obtained from digestion.

A SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION ASSAY FOR ANTI-ANDROGENS IN THE CHICK

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph I. Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

ABSTRACT The stimulating action of testosterone on the chick's comb can be inhibited by the subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg of norethisterone or Ro 2-7239 (2-acetyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydrophenanthrene), 0.5 mg of cortisol or progesterone, and by 4.5 mg of Mer-25 (1-(p-2-diethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-p-methoxyphenyl ethanol). No dose response relationship could be established. Norethisterone was the most active anti-androgen by this test.

Mathematical Interpretation of the Pharmacodynamics of Homoeopathic Medicines

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 003-016
Author(s):  
John Michel Warner
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Force Line ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Medicinal Substances ◽  
Medicine Administration

AbstractAccording to Hahnemann, homoeopathic medicines must be great immune responses inducers. In crude states, these medicines pose severe threats to the immune system. So, the immune-system of an organism backfires against the molecules of the medicinal substances. The complex immune response mechanism activated by the medicinal molecules can handle any threats which are similar to the threats posed by the medicinal molecules. The intersectional operation of the two sets, medicine-induced immune responses and immune responses necessary to cure diseases, shows that any effective homoeopathic medicine, which is effective against any disease, can induce immune responses which are necessary to cure the specific disease. In this article, this mechanism has been exemplified by the action of Silicea in human body. Also, a neuroimmunological assessment of the route of medicine administration shows that the oral cavity and the nasal cavity are two administration-routes where the smallest doses (sometimes even few molecules) of a particular homoeopathic medicine induce the most effective and sufficient (in amount) purgatory immune responses. Administering the smallest unitary doses of Silicea in the oral route can make significant changes in the vital force line on the dose–response relationship graph. The dose–response relationship graph further implicates that the most effective dose of a medicine must be below the lethality threshold. If multiple doses of any medicine are administered at same intervals, the immune-system primarily engages with the medicinal molecules; but along the passage of time, the engagement line splits into two: one engages with the medicinal molecules and another engages with diseases. The immune system's engagement with the diseases increases along the passage of time, though the engagement with the medicinal molecules gradually falls with the administration of descending doses. Necessarily, I have shown through mathematical logic that the descending doses, though they seem to be funny, can effectively induce the most effective immune responses.

Meta-analytic research of the dose-response relationship between salt intake and risk of heart failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kodama ◽  
Chika Horikawa ◽  
Kazuya Fujihara ◽  
Mariko Hatta ◽  
Yasunaga Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

scholarly journals Determination of Dose–Response Relationship to Derive Odor Impact Criteria for a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Weihua Yang ◽  
Günther Schauberger ◽  
Jianzhuang Wang ◽  
Jing Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Odor Annoyance ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Odor Exposure

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) inside cities have been the major complained sources of odor pollution in China, whereas there is little knowledge about the dose–response relationship to describe the resident complaints caused by odor exposure. This study explored a dose–response relationship between the modelled exposure and the annoyance surveyed by questionnaires. Firstly, the time series of odor concentrations were preliminarily simulated by a dispersion model. Secondly, the perception-related odor exposures were further calculated by combining with the peak to mean factors (constant value 4 (Germany) and 2.3 (Italy)), different time periods of “a whole year”, “summer”, and “nighttime of summer”, and two approaches of odor impact criterion (OIC) (“odor-hour” and “odor concentration”). Thirdly, binomial logistic regression models were used to compare kinds of perception-related odor exposures and odor annoyance by odds ratio, goodness of fit and predictive ability. All perception-related odor exposures were positively associated with odor annoyance. The best goodness of fit was found when using “nighttime of summer” in predicting odor-annoyance responses, which highlights the importance of the time of the day and the time of the year weighting. The best predictive performance for odor perception was determined when the OIC was 4 ou/m3 at the 99th percentile for the odor exposure over time periods of nighttime of summer. The study of dose–response relationship could be useful for the odor management and control of WWTP to maximize the satisfaction of air quality for the residents inside city.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document