Survival of Vibrio cholerae 01 Strains in Shrimp Subjected to Freezing and Boiling

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1317-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENILDE R. NASCUMENTO ◽  
REGIÑE H. S. F. VIEIRA ◽  
HAUSTON B. ALMEIDA ◽  
THAKOR R. PATEL ◽  
SEBATIAO T. IARIA
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Marine Vibrios

This research was undertaken to assess the resistance of Vibrio cholerae 01 strains inoculated into white shrimp, Penaeus schimitti, to heating and freezing treatments. Shrimp samples with and without carapace were obtained from Sao Luis, Brazil. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of marine vibrios including Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and other vibrios and aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that grew on selective medium, thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose agar. Samples with and without carapaces were heated before inoculating with cells of V. cholerae and then one-half of the samples was stored frozen at −200°C and the other one-half was heated to boiling temperatures. Viable cells of the test organism were recovered from samples without carapaces, stored under frozen conditions, after 36 days. In contrast, no living cells were recovered after 26 days from samples with carapaces. Boiling temperatures were very damaging to V. cholerae 01 in shrimp samples with and without carapaces. Total destruction of the cells occurred within 1 to 2 min of exposure to heating.

scholarly journals Effect of water treatment on the growth potential of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seawater

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aina Charlotte Wennberg ◽  
Ingun Tryland ◽  
Øyvin Østensvik ◽  
Indira Secic ◽  
Marte Monshaugen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Effect Of Water

scholarly journals Combination of Direct Viable Count and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (DVC-FISH) as a Potential Method for Identifying Viable Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Oysters and Mussels

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Jorge García-Hernández ◽  
Manuel Hernández ◽  
Yolanda Moreno
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Fish Technique ◽  
Viable Cells

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human food-borne pathogen with the ability to enter the food chain. It is able to acquire a viable, non-cultivable state (VBNC), which is not detected by traditional methods. The combination of the direct viable count method and a fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (DVC-FISH) makes it possible to detect microorganisms that can present VBNC forms in complex samples The optimization of the in vitro DVC-FISH technique for V. parahaemolyticus was carried out. The selected antibiotic was ciprofloxacin at a concentration of 0.75 μg/mL with an incubation time in DVC broth of 5 h. The DVC-FISH technique and the traditional plate culture were applied to detect and quantify the viable cells of the affected pathogen in artificially contaminated food matrices at different temperatures. The results obtained showed that low temperatures produced an important logarithmic decrease of V. parahaemolyticus, while at 22 °C, it proliferated rapidly. The DVC-FISH technique proved to be a useful tool for the detection and quantification of V. parahaemolyticus in the two seafood matrices of oysters and mussels. This is the first study in which this technique has been developed to detect viable cells for this microorganism.

scholarly journals PSIX-18 Laurate and its glycerol monoester, monolaurin, as potential additives to control Listeria monocytogenes and tetracycline resistant Enterococcus faecalis in air-exposed silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
Yamicela Castillo-Castillo ◽  
Marina Ontiveros ◽  
Eric J Scholljegerdes ◽  
Robin Anderson ◽  
Claudio Arzola-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Risk Infection

Abstract Silages can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant microbes which risk infection of food-producing animals. Livestock producers need effective yet environmentally friendly interventions to preserve the feed value of these fermented materials. Medium chain fatty acids such as laurate and its glycerol monoester, monolaurin, are potent inhibitors of many Gram-positive bacteria and when tested at 5 mg/mL in anaerobic cultures (n = 3/treatment) inoculated with 105 colony forming units (CFU) of Listeria monocytogenes and grown at 37oC in ½ strength Brain Heart infusion broth achieved near complete elimination of viable cells after 6 h compared to a 2.2 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/mL increase observed in controls. Culture of a tetracycline-resistant Enterococcus faecalis with 5 mg laurate/mL likewise achieved near complete elimination of viable cells (5 log10 CFU/mL) by 6 h incubation. The bactericidal effect of 5 mg monolaurin was less against E. faecalis, achieving a decrease of 1.8 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/mL and not decreased further after 24 h. When tested against air-exposed silage, pH 7.53 (4 g), mixed with 4 mL water, 5 mg laurate or monolaurin decreased viability of experimentally-inoculated L. monocytogenes (105 CFU/g silage) more (P < 0.05) than untreated controls after 24 h aerobic incubation (22oC), with viable counts being decreased 6.3 ± 0.1, 5.9 ± 0.8 and 4.5 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/g, respectively. In contrast, viable recovery of the experimentally-inoculated (105 CFU/g) tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis was reduced more (P < 0.05) than controls (decreased 0.7 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/g) after 6 h incubation when similarly tested with laurate and monolaurin (1.7 ± 0.5 and 3.0 ± 0.9 log10 CFU/g, respectively) but counts after 24 h were similar, decreasing on average 2.0 ± 0.5 log10 CFU/g). Results indicate laurate and monolaurin may be useful in killing L. monocytogenes and tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis during silage feed-out.

Evaluation of Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile Salts-Sucrose Agar, a Selective Medium for the Isolation of Vibrio cholerae and Other Pathogenic Vibrios

1974 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. McCormack ◽  
W. E. DeWitt ◽  
P. E. Bailey ◽  
G. K. Morris ◽  
P. Soeharjono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrios

Detection of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus by molecular and culture based methods from source water to household container-stored water at the point-of-use in South African rural communities

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3091-3101 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Ntema ◽  
N. Potgieter ◽  
T. G. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Enrichment Method ◽  
Filtration Enrichment

Detection methods for Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus which included the culture based approach with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation, PCR detection without enrichment and PCR with a pre-enrichment were developed and their performance evaluated. PCR assays targeted the SodB (V. cholerae species), Flae (V. parahaemolyticus species), 16S rRNA (Vibrio and Enterobacteriacea species) genes (Multiplex 1) and V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139 rfb genes, ctxA (cholera toxin) gene and 16S rRNA gene (Multiplex 2). These methods were used to determine the occurrence of selected Vibrios in source water as well as in household container-stored water. The combination of filtration, enrichment and PCR method provided a sensitive and specific method for the detection of selected Vibrios in water samples. The PCR with a pre-enrichment method detected as few as 4–10 cfu/100 mL of selected Vibrios and PCR detection without the enrichment method detected as few as 40–100 cfu/100 mL of selected Vibrios. The inclusion of an enrichment period allows detection of culturable bacteria. As an application of the developed methods, V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus were detected in the source water used by the population and in the water-storage containers. The results indicate that Vibrio species in the containers could have originated from the source water and survive in biofilms inside the containers.

scholarly journals Physicochemical, Bacteriological and Parasitological Examination of Selected Fish Pond Water Samples in Awka and Its Environment Anambra State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Umeh Odera Richard ◽  
E. I. Chukwura ◽  
Ibo Eziafakaego Mercy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fish Pond

A fish pond with recommended water quality will produce healthy fishes. Fish ponds with poor water quality will cause fish mortality and outbreak of diseases to fish consumers. Physicochemical analysis was done using standard analytical methods, the total bacterial count was determined by dilution and membrane filtration techniques. Parasitological analysis was done using the centrifugation method. A total of fifteen well waters were sampled during wet season. Results showed that the temperature ranged from 27°C to 29°C, pH, 6.21 to 8.15; dissolved oxygen, 4.28 mg/l to 5.78 mg/l, electrical conductivity, 166.36 µs/cm to 394.00 µs/cm; total dissolved solids, 41 mg/l to 121 mg/l; total suspended solids, 1.00 mg/l to 19.40 mg/l; total solids, 42.00 mg/l to 140.4 mg/l; turbidity values, 7.01 NTU to 10.36 NTU; nitrate, 3.10 mg/l to 28.00 mg/l; total alkalinity, 36 mg/l to 91 mg/l; phosphate, 1.26 mg/l to 13.11 mg/l; sulphate, 0.39 mg/l to 4.37 mg/l; total chloride, 7.08 mg/l to 14.19 mg/l; carbonates, 1.33 mg/l to 2.35 mg/l; bicarbonates, 34.59 mg/l to 89.38 mg/l; total hardness, 25.31 mg/l to 53.04 mg/l; calcium hardness, 23.94 mg/l to 51.96 mg/l; magnesium hardness, 1.08 mg/l to 4.20 mg/l; total acidity, 2 mg/l to 22 mg/l; potassium, 0.04 mg/l to 2.23 mg/l; cadmium, 0.00 mg/l to 0.04 mg/l; lead, 0.01 mg/l - 0.16 mg/l; chromium, 0.00 mg/l - 0.03 mg/l; mercury was not detected, copper, 0.00 mg/l - 0.04 mg/l; arsenic, 0.00 mg/l - 0.02 mg/l; zinc, 0.00 mg/l to 0.02 mg/l; iron, 0.01 mg/l - 1.19 mg/l. The total bacterial counts ranged from 3.60-4.12 log cfu/ml; total coliforms, 14-46 cfu/100ml, Vibrio cholerae, 0-11 cfu/100ml; Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 0-15 cfu/100ml; faecal coliform, 1-9 cfu/100 ml; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, 0-8 cfu/100 ml; Bacillus subtilis, 0-9 cfu/ml; Staphylococcus aureus, 0-5 cfu/ml; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0-12 cfu/100 ml; Pseudomonas fluorescens, 0-12 cfu/100 ml and Clostridium perfringens were not detected in any of the samples. Twelve bacterial species namely Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella flexineri and Salmonella typhi were isolated and identified using standard analytical and molecular procedures. Parasites identified were Ichthyobodo species, Diplostomum species, Myxobolus species, Chilodonella species, Bothriocephalus species, Ambiphrya species and Leech species. Salmonella typhi had the highest frequency of isolation (20.63%) while Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Staphylococcus aureus had the lowest frequency of isolation (2.83%). Ichthyobodo species had the highest frequency of isolation (21.43%) while Leech species had the lowest frequency of isolation (5.71%). Some of the physicochemical, bacteriological and parasitological parameters had values above World Health Organization admissible limits and therefore proper sanitary practices and water treatments must be employed to prevent epidemic among fish consumers.

Ecology of Vibrio Cholerae, Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and Related Vibrios in the Natural Environment

1985 ◽  
pp. 273-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Colwell ◽  
F. L. Singleton ◽  
A. Huq ◽  
H.-S. Xu ◽  
N. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus

scholarly journals Genomic characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Pacific white shrimp and rearing water in Malaysia reveals novel sequence types and structural variation in genomic regions containing the Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin-like genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrystine Zou Yi Yan ◽  
Christopher M Austin ◽  
Qasim Ayub ◽  
Sadequr Rahman ◽  
Han Ming Gan
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Genomic Resource ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Genomic Regions

ABSTRACT The Malaysian and global shrimp aquaculture production has been significantly impacted by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) typically caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus harboring the pVA plasmid containing the pirAVp and pirBVp genes, which code for Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin. The limited genomic resource for V. parahaemolyticus strains from Malaysian aquaculture farms precludes an in-depth understanding of their diversity and evolutionary relationships. In this study, we isolated shrimp-associated and environmental (rearing water) V. parahaemolyticus from three aquaculture farms located in Northern and Central Malaysia followed by whole-genome sequencing of 40 randomly selected isolates on the Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenomic analysis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) reveal distinct lineages of V. parahaemolyticus that harbor the pirABVp genes. The recovery of pVA plasmid backbone devoid of pirAVp or pirABVp in some V. parahaemolyticus isolates suggests that the toxin genes are prone to deletion. The new insight gained from phylogenomic analysis of Asian V. parahaemolyticus, in addition to the observed genomic instability of pVa plasmid, will have implications for improvements in aquaculture practices to diagnose, treat or limit the impacts of this disease.

Response of Heat-Shocked Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Subsequent Physical and Chemical Stresses

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2183-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-MING CHANG ◽  
MING-LUN CHIANG ◽  
CHENG-CHUN CHOU
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Vibrio parahaemolyticus foodborne strains 405, 556, and 690 and a V. parahaemolyticus chopping board isolate were heat shocked at 42°C for 15, 30, or 45 min. Heat shock, regardless of heating periods tested, caused an increased demand for NaCl during recovery from heat injury. Further study with strain 690 and the chopping board isolate also revealed that heat shock generally increased the survival of the test organism during subsequent exposure to 47°C, 20 ppm H2O2, and 8% ethanol and reduced the tolerance of the test organism to low temperatures (5 and −18°C). The extent of the heat shock response of V. parahaemolyticus varied with strain and the duration of treatment. Furthermore, heat shock treatments in the present study caused the leakage of nucleic acids from V. parahaemolyticus cells. This effect was most pronounced with cells heat shocked at 42°C for 45 min.

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