scholarly journals Physicochemical, Bacteriological and Parasitological Examination of Selected Fish Pond Water Samples in Awka and Its Environment Anambra State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Umeh Odera Richard ◽  
E. I. Chukwura ◽  
Ibo Eziafakaego Mercy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fish Pond

A fish pond with recommended water quality will produce healthy fishes. Fish ponds with poor water quality will cause fish mortality and outbreak of diseases to fish consumers. Physicochemical analysis was done using standard analytical methods, the total bacterial count was determined by dilution and membrane filtration techniques. Parasitological analysis was done using the centrifugation method. A total of fifteen well waters were sampled during wet season. Results showed that the temperature ranged from 27°C to 29°C, pH, 6.21 to 8.15; dissolved oxygen, 4.28 mg/l to 5.78 mg/l, electrical conductivity, 166.36 µs/cm to 394.00 µs/cm; total dissolved solids, 41 mg/l to 121 mg/l; total suspended solids, 1.00 mg/l to 19.40 mg/l; total solids, 42.00 mg/l to 140.4 mg/l; turbidity values, 7.01 NTU to 10.36 NTU; nitrate, 3.10 mg/l to 28.00 mg/l; total alkalinity, 36 mg/l to 91 mg/l; phosphate, 1.26 mg/l to 13.11 mg/l; sulphate, 0.39 mg/l to 4.37 mg/l; total chloride, 7.08 mg/l to 14.19 mg/l; carbonates, 1.33 mg/l to 2.35 mg/l; bicarbonates, 34.59 mg/l to 89.38 mg/l; total hardness, 25.31 mg/l to 53.04 mg/l; calcium hardness, 23.94 mg/l to 51.96 mg/l; magnesium hardness, 1.08 mg/l to 4.20 mg/l; total acidity, 2 mg/l to 22 mg/l; potassium, 0.04 mg/l to 2.23 mg/l; cadmium, 0.00 mg/l to 0.04 mg/l; lead, 0.01 mg/l - 0.16 mg/l; chromium, 0.00 mg/l - 0.03 mg/l; mercury was not detected, copper, 0.00 mg/l - 0.04 mg/l; arsenic, 0.00 mg/l - 0.02 mg/l; zinc, 0.00 mg/l to 0.02 mg/l; iron, 0.01 mg/l - 1.19 mg/l. The total bacterial counts ranged from 3.60-4.12 log cfu/ml; total coliforms, 14-46 cfu/100ml, Vibrio cholerae, 0-11 cfu/100ml; Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 0-15 cfu/100ml; faecal coliform, 1-9 cfu/100 ml; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, 0-8 cfu/100 ml; Bacillus subtilis, 0-9 cfu/ml; Staphylococcus aureus, 0-5 cfu/ml; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0-12 cfu/100 ml; Pseudomonas fluorescens, 0-12 cfu/100 ml and Clostridium perfringens were not detected in any of the samples. Twelve bacterial species namely Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella flexineri and Salmonella typhi were isolated and identified using standard analytical and molecular procedures. Parasites identified were Ichthyobodo species, Diplostomum species, Myxobolus species, Chilodonella species, Bothriocephalus species, Ambiphrya species and Leech species. Salmonella typhi had the highest frequency of isolation (20.63%) while Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Staphylococcus aureus had the lowest frequency of isolation (2.83%). Ichthyobodo species had the highest frequency of isolation (21.43%) while Leech species had the lowest frequency of isolation (5.71%). Some of the physicochemical, bacteriological and parasitological parameters had values above World Health Organization admissible limits and therefore proper sanitary practices and water treatments must be employed to prevent epidemic among fish consumers.

scholarly journals Medicina Tradicional en el Perú: Actividad Antimicrobiana in vitro de los Aceites Esenciales Extraídos de Algunas Plantas Aromáticas

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libertad Alzamora ◽  
Liliana Morales ◽  
Lourdes Armas ◽  
Gilma Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Investigación Cualitativa

El objetivo fue la investigación cualitativa de la actividad antimicrobiana de los aceites esenciales de cinco plantas empleadas en Medicina Tradicional en el Perú: Eucalyptus globulus, Labill "eucalipto"; Cymbopogon citratus, (D.C.) Staff "hierba luisa"; Tagetes pusilla Lag. "Anís serrano"; Senecio tephrosioides, Turcz "huamanrripa" y Lepechinia meyenii, (Walp) Epling "salvia". Los aceites esenciales obtenidos por destilación por arrastre de vapor, se enfrentaron a Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. enteritidis INS, Vibrio cholerae ATCC E-7946 OGAWA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa GT 28, Shigella flexneri INS, Staphylococcus aureus INS, S. aureus ATCC 6538P y Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Se empleó discos de antibióticos como controles. Los aceites esenciales mostraron efecto variado sobre Gram positivos y Gram negativos; ninguno inhibió a Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Actividad biológica y composición química en extractos de Cucurbita ecuadorensis H.C. Cutler & Whitaker

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
Jhon Castillo ◽  
Shirley Moncayo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Subtilis Subsp

Los metabolitos secundarios presentes en los extractos etanólicos y clorofórmicos de los frutos y hojas de Cucurbita ecuadorensis H.C. Cutler & Whitaker, una especie endémica de los bosques secos de la costa de Ecuador, fueron alcaloides, flavonoides, taninos, triterpenos, esteroles y cumarinas, mientras que las quinonas, antraquinonas y saponinas estuvieron ausentes. El mesocarpio del fruto de esta especie presentó contenidos de 9.19 ± 0.25 g de carbohidratos totales/ 100 g de peso seco, 14.90 ± 0.30 g de lípidos totales/ 100 g de peso seco y 3.39 ± 0.08 g de proteínas totales/ 100 g de peso seco, respectivamente. El mayor contenido fenólico fue para el extracto etanólico de los frutos con 20.82 ± 0.87 mg de GAE /g de extracto seco. El mayor contenido de flavonoides totales fue para el extracto etanólico de los frutos con 134.36 ± 0.34 mg de CE/ g de extracto seco. El extracto etanólico del fruto revelo la mayor capacidad antioxidante con IC50= 1.90 mg/mL. Todos los extractos evaluados de esta especie, no presentaron actividad antibacteriana contra Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii y Listeria monocytogenes. En base a estos resultados, los frutos de C. ecuadorensis se los puede considerar como un suplemento nutricional con un potencial antioxidante natural.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Euphorbia helioscopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. WAHEED ◽  
S.K. MUHAMMAD ◽  
A. SHOMAILA ◽  
Z. MUHAMMAD ◽  
U. IZHAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

ABSTRACT: Medicinal Plants have been used throughout the world by human beings as a drug and remedies for various diseases since time immemorial. A study was planned to count into the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Euphorbia helioscopia. The plants were gathered and tested against some standard strains and some human pathogenic microorganisms i.e Escherichia coli, Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and three fungal strain Trichoderma, R hizopus nigricans, Aspergillus niger. The concentrations of extracting samples (500 and 1,000 mg mL-1) were used against pathogens. Ciprofloxacin was used as positive control in case of bacterial strains and Colfrimazol was used against the fungal strain while dimethyl sulfoxide as negative control. The outcomes indicated that the positive wells potency of Water extract had a 36 mm diameter of zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and ethanol extract at 1,000 mg mL-1 had maximum (34 mm) zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilus (36 mm) zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumonia and 33 mm of zone of inhibition against Trichoderma harzianum. Likewise, water extract at a concentration of 1,000 mg mL-1 resulted highest value of zone of inhibition (36 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, a zone of inhibition ( mm) against Salmonella typhi, 36 mm zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (32 mm) zone of inhibition against Rhizopus nigricans, a 34 mm zone of inhibition against Acremonium and (34 mm) zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis, while E. coli was the most resistant bacteria and showed zone of inhibition. The ethanolic extract had tannins, lipid, total proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, Alkaloid and polyphenolics.

scholarly journals Actividad Antibacteriana y Antioxidante de los extractos de Hibiscus escobariae Fryxell, Loxopterygium huasango R. Spruce y Croton ferrugineus Kunth

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Viviana Valdez ◽  
Shirley Moncayo ◽  
Xavier Cornejo ◽  
Jhon Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus

En el presente trabajo se realizó el tamizaje fitoquímico, cuantificación de flavonoides y fenoles totales y la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antibacteriana de los extractos etanólicos obtenidos de hojas de Hibiscus escobariae, Loxopterygium huasango y Croton ferrugineus, contra tres bacterias Gram Positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes) y tres Gram negativas (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Para el análisis de las muestras se realizó el tamizaje fitoquímico por el método de Domínguez, la cuantificación de flavonoides por el método colorimétrico cloruro de aluminio, la cuantificación de fenoles totales por el método Folin-Ciocalteu, actividad antibacteriana por ensayos de difusión por disco y actividad antioxidante mediante la técnica DPPH. En el tamizaje fitoquímico los flavonoides y taninos se presentaron en mayor cantidad, mientras que los alcaloides, quinonas, antraquinonas, esteroides y saponinas estuvieron presentes en menor proporción. El contenido de flavonoides varió de 100,95 ± 1,73 a 995,42 ± 3,16 mg CE / g extracto en H. escobariae y L. huasango y el contenido de fenoles varió de 10,17 ± 0,22 a 314,72 ± 1,91 mg GAE/ g extracto en Croton ferrugineus y L. huasango que también obtuvo la mejor actividad antibacteriana frente a las cepas evaluadas con CMI que varían de 2.5 a 5 mg/mL y la mejor actividad antioxidante con IC50 de 0,1 mg/m y de 0,7 mg/mL para Croton ferrugineus con una diferencia significativa p<0.05. Estos resultados son los primeros reportados los que servirán como línea base para estudios posteriores.

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Bis-Acetylferrocene Schiff Base

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1875-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ting Liu ◽  
Hai Long Guo ◽  
Da Wei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Three bis-acetylferrocene schiff bases have been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis, the results conformed well with expected structures. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. The results showed that these compounds are show excellent antimicrobia activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi ,Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus.

The Study of Bacillus Subtils Antimicrobial Activity on Some of the Pathological Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein A Kadhum ◽  
Thualfakar H Hasan2
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Selection Of

The study involved the selection of two isolates from Bacillus subtilis to investigate their inhibitory activity against some bacterial pathogens. B sub-bacteria were found to have a broad spectrum against test bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They were about 23-30 mm and less against Klebsiella sp. The sensitivity of some antibodies was tested on the test samples. The results showed that the inhibitory ability of bacterial growth in the test samples using B. subtilis extract was more effective than the antibiotics used.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Sonchus Oleraceus l (Leaves) Extracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hatim MY Hamadnalla ◽  
◽  
Mahdi Abd Elmageed Mohammed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus

The objective of this study to examine phytochemical analysis of sonchus oleraceus l, (asteraceae) (moliata) extracts which were extracted by four solvents, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and distill water and to assess their potential antibacterial against four standard bacteria gram-positive and gramnegative (bacillus subtilis staphylococcus aureu, salmonella typhi, and pscudomona aeruginosa) and antioxidant activities. (moliata) extracts using cold maceration method to extract sonchus oleraceus l, (asteraceae) locally known as (moliata) extracts, where dpph assay and paper disc diffusion assay were employed to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities respectively. The results showed that tannins, triterpenes, a sterols, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides compounds were present in the sonchus oleraceus l, (asteraceae) lives (moliata) extracts. The methanol extract of leaves showed high antioxidant potential (77± 0.03 % ) and chloroform showed low antioxidant potential activity (4±0.09) compare with propyl gallate as standard (93± 0.010 %) against dpph. Chloroform extract was effective and give moderate zone of inhibition against staphylococcus aureus. Methanol extract was effective and showed moderate zone of inhibition against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, salmonella typhi and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

XÁC ĐỊNH THÀNH PHẦN HÓA HỌC VÀ KHẢ NĂNG KHÁNG VI SINH VẬT CỦA CAO CHIẾT ETHANOL LY TRÍCH TỪ THÂN RỄ LOÀI THIÊN NIÊN KIỆN PI-E (HOMALOMENA PIERREANA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
VĂN HỒNG THIỆN ◽  
LÊ BÍCH TRÂM ◽  
NGUYỄN THANH LAN ◽  
HỒ NGUYỄN HOÀNG YẾN ◽  
LƯU HỒNG TRƯỜNG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis

Nghiên cứu này đã xác định được mẫu nghiên cứu thu tại Vườn quốc gia Phú Quốc là loài Homalomena pierreana. Thông qua kỹ thuật sắc ký ghép khối phổ, 10 hợp chất thuộc nhóm sesquiterpene có trong cao chiết ethanol của thân rễ loài H. pierreana đã được xác định. Ngoài ra, cao chiết ethanol từ mẫu nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy khả năng kháng lại 6 chủng vi khuẩn kiểm định là Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis và Salmonella typhimurium.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DA COR E DA ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DE MICROCÁPSULAS CONTENDO LACTOFERRINA BOVINA

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIANA HELENA MAIA PORTE ◽  
MARIA HELENA MIGUEZ ROCHA LEÃO ◽  
ALEXANDRE PORTE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Streptococcus Faecium

Lactoferrina bovina (bLF), proveniente do soro de leite, foimicroencapsulada pela técnica de spray drying. Microcápsulascontendo 20 % de bLF foram produzidas, utilizando-se comomaterial de parede dextrina: amido octenilsuccinato (OSA) emdiferentes proporções: 100:00, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100 %.Foram avaliadas a cor e a estabilidade de cor das microcápsulassob armazenamento em ambientes com diferentes umidadesrelativas e a atividade antimicrobiana da lactoferrina liberadadas microcápsulas. As microcápsulas apresentaram cor clara etenderam a escurecer sob armazenamento em ambiente com altaumidade relativa. Verifi cou-se atividade inibitória das microcápsulasde bLF produzidas para diferentes bactérias Gram positivas(Bacillus subtilis CCT 2576, Staphylococcus aureus CCT 2740,Micrococcus luteus CCT 2692, Enterococcus faecium CCT 5079,Streptococcus faecium ATCC 10541, Rhodococcus equi CCT0541), Gram negativas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 13388,Salmonella choleraesius CCT 4296, Escherichia coli CCT 0547) elevedura (Candida albicans ATCC 10231). A concentração inibitóriamínima (MIC) das microcápsulas variou de acordo com o microorganismotestado (MIC entre 2,5-100 mg.mL-1). Com exceção deB. subtilis (MIC entre 50-100 mg.mL-1 para as microcápsulas), aconcentração de bLF contida nas microcápsulas necessária parainibir o crescimento dos micro-organismos foi menor do que a bLFnativa. Esses resultados sugerem efeito de potencialização daatividade antimicrobiana da bLF após o processamento por spraydrying.

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