Possible Increase of Human Taenia saginata Infections through Import of Beef to Norway from a High Prevalence Area

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1314-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
EYSTEIN SKJERVE
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern ◽  
Human Infections

A Monte Carlo risk assessment model was developed to estimate the public health risk of importing prime cuts of beef infested with Taenia saginata to Norway from an endemic area in southern Africa. The model predicted that 21 (lower 5% = 1, upper 95% = 56) viable cysts would be present in domestic prime cuts during 1996 and 1997, with 8 (0 to 21) of them being ingested without sufficient heat treatment to kill the parasite. These cysts were expected to cause 2 (0 to 7) human infections. Corresponding figures for the imported prime cuts were 1,260 (99 to 2,900) viable cysts, 462 (37 to 1,065) ingested without sufficient heat treatment, causing 132 (8 to 361) human infections. The model was sensitive to the uncertainties related to the estimates of probabilities of cysts being viable and the probability of their causing infection in humans. The public health impact from consuming imported beef is not large, but the model illustrates how imported cuts may change the epidemiological pattern of a disease even when the import constitutes only 3% of the prime cuts consumed.

Risk Assessment Model for Human Infection with the Cestode Taenia saginata

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1110-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER B. van der LOGT ◽  
STEVE C. HATHAWAY ◽  
DAVID J. VOSE
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Infections

A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed to estimate the risk to human health of Taenia saginata in the New Zealand cattle population. A standardized monitoring program was established to determine the number of suspect cysts detected during postmortem inspection and the scenario set was applied to risks in both the domestic and export markets. The mean number of human infections per year as a result of consumption in the export and the domestic market was estimated as 0.50 and 1.10 respectively. Estimations for expression of specific clinical symptoms were even less. In a scenario set where postmortem inspection procedures for T. saginata were not applied, the mean number of human infections per year was estimated to increase from 0.50 to 0.61 in the export market and from 1.10 to 1.30 in the domestic market. Given that T. saginata infection in humans results in mild and readily treatable symptoms, these risk estimates are extremely low on any scale of food-borne disease and bring the value of specific postmortem inspection procedures for T. saginata in the New Zealand situation into question. The Monte Carlo model developed to calculate these probabilities is presented here in detail to illustrate the potential of Monte Carlo methods for modeling risk.

scholarly journals Snus and snus-like nicotine products moving across Nordic borders: Can laws protect young people?

2021 ◽  
pp. 145507252199570
Author(s):  
Marjut Salokannel ◽  
Eeva Ollila
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Court ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

Background: Use of snus and snus-like nicotine products is increasing, in particular among young people, in several Nordic countries and Estonia, while snus is legally on the market only in Sweden and Norway. Snus is available in a great variety of tastes and packaging particularly catering for young users. Recently, strong snus-resembling nicotine pouches have emerged on the market. This research investigates the regulatory means to counteract this development. Methods: European Union (EU) and national tobacco control legislation, case law of the European Court of Justice (CJEU) and relevant public health studies are analysed. Results: The research finds that the judgement of the CJEU relating to the sale of snus on Finnish ferries has not been enforced. Permitted large traveller imports for personal use have contributed to wide availability of snus in Finland. Even if the legislation in Sweden is in conformity with the exemption it obtained in the Accession Treaty, the public health impact of snus use for young people in its neighbouring countries has become considerable. Nicotine pouches, -which are not regarded as medical products in terms of medicine legislation, lack harmonised EU-wide regulation. Controlling smuggling across open borders is challenging. Conclusions: The legislation at the EU and national levels should be able to protect young people from new tobacco and nicotine products. It is urgent to harmonise regulation relating to new tobacco and nicotine products taking as a base a high level of protection of health as required in the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU.

scholarly journals The Public Health Impact of Coccidioidomycosis in Arizona and California

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1150-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Hector ◽  
George W. Rutherford ◽  
Clarisse A. Tsang ◽  
Laura M. Erhart ◽  
Orion McCotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
The Public

The congenital anomalies registry in Belarus: a tool for assessing the public health impact of the Chernobyl accident

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lazjuk ◽  
P Verger ◽  
B Gagnière ◽  
Zh Kravchuk ◽  
I Zatsepin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
The Public
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