Mycoflora in Commercial Pet Foods

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANTE J. BUENO ◽  
JULIO O. SILVA ◽  
GUILLERMO OLIVER
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia ◽  
Made In

This article reports on the identification of mycoflora of 21 dry pet foods (12 belonging to dogs and 9 to cats) that corresponded to 8 commercial brands made in Argentina and imported. The isolation frequency and relative density of the prevalent fungal genera are compared too. Ten genera and fungi classified as Mycelia sterilia were identified. The predominant genera were Aspergillus (62%), Rhizopus (48%), and Mucor (38%). The most prevalent among Aspergillus was Aspergillus flavus followed by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. The predominant Mucor was Mucor racemosus followed by Mucor plumbeus and Mucor globosus. The moisture content of these foods ranged from 5.6 to 10.0% and from 7.2 to 9.9% for dog and cat foods, respectively. A greater moisture content in food for the senior category (9.5 ± 0.2) was observed only in comparison to adult and kitten/puppy. If the moisture content can be maintained at these levels, mold growth would be prevented or at least it would remain at an insignificant level. Some genera and species isolated and identified from the foods analyzed are potentially producing toxins, which are known as mycotoxins. This involves a risk for animal health.

scholarly journals ATIVIDADE “IN VITRO” DE TRÊS AGENTES QUÍMICOS FRENTE A DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES DE ASPERGILLUS

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
M.O. Xavier ◽  
I.M. Madrid ◽  
A.R.M. Meinerz ◽  
M.B. Cleff ◽  
L.F.D. Schuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus

RESUMO A aspergilose é causada por fungos ubíquos e oportunistas do gênero Aspergillus, que liberam milhares de conídios no ar, contaminando o ambiente, sendo de extrema importância a utilização de filtros de ar e programas corretos de anti-sepsia e desinfecção para prevenção da enfermidade. Este estudo avaliou a eficácia “in vitro” dos agentes químicos, iodóforo, amônia quaternária e clorexidina, frente a isolados de Aspergillus fumigatus (8), Aspergillus niger (8), Aspergillus flavus (6) e Aspergillus terreus (1). Para o teste foram preparadas diluições sucessivas dos desinfetantes/antisépticos (log2) em caldo RPMI, e os inóculos foram ajustados até uma concentração final de 5 x 104 UFC/mL. Foi realizada a técnica de microdiluição em caldo de acordo com NCCLS M-38, adaptada para agentes químicos, com incubação das microplacas a 35° C em agitação constante. A leitura visual dos resultados foi realizada após 96 horas, e os isolados de Aspergillus spp. utilizados foram resistentes ao iodóforo nas concentrações testadas. A amônia quaternária e a clorexidina mostraram-se eficazes contra os isolados de Aspergillus spp., com exceção de um A. fumigatus e um A. terreus. Com estes resultados indica-se a utilização da amônia quaternária e da clorexidina na prevenção da aspergilose, questionando-se o uso de iodóforos para este fim.

scholarly journals An investigation into the microbial infestation of poultry feeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
M Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Feed Samples

The Experiments were carried out during the period of July 2001 to December 2002. Infestation of poultry feeds by fungi and aflatoxins content in feeds were determined. Ten feed samples were collected from ten different farms located in three different areas of Bangladesh. Five different fungal species belonging four genera were detected which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium spp. Among them Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were found in all the feed samples and the rest were occasionally found. Effect of storage and moisture content of feeds were studied for determining the influence on occurrence of fungal flora in feeds. Higher the storing period of feed along with higher moisture content resulted superior incidences of fungal population in stored feeds. Studied on storage practice with 4 duration of F1 sample revealed that the presence of aflatoxins were 30.52ppb, 33.36ppb, 37.32ppb and 48.35ppb of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after production of feeds, respectively.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 79-86, June 2015

scholarly journals Studies of In Vitro Activities of Voriconazole and Itraconazole against Aspergillus Hyphae Using Viability Staining

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Lass-Flörl ◽  
Markus Nagl ◽  
Cornelia Speth ◽  
Hanno Ulmer ◽  
Manfred P. Dierich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Viability Staining ◽  
Broth Macrodilution ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Sensitive Method

ABSTRACT The minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of voriconazole and itraconazole for five clinical isolates each of Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger were determined by a broth macrodilution method. Conidial suspensions as inocula were compared to hyphae as inocula since the invasive form of aspergillosis is manifested by the appearance of hyphal structures. In addition, cell viability staining with the dye FUN-1 was performed to assess time-dependent damage of hyphae exposed to various concentrations of the antifungal agents. With conidial inocula the MFC ranges of voriconazole were 0.5 to 4 μg/ml and those of itraconazole were 0.25 to 2 μg/ml, whereas the MFCs (2 to >16 μg/ml) with hyphal inocula were substantially higher (P < 0.01) for both itraconazole and voriconazole. Only minor differences between the tested antifungals were observed since 16 of 20 and 17 of 20 of the isolates of Aspergillus spp. tested appeared to be killed by voriconazole and itraconazole, respectively. The results of FUN-1 viability staining correlated closely to colony counts, but various time- and dose-dependent levels of viability of hyphae were also observed. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the importance of the type of inoculum used to test antifungals and the applicability of FUN-1 staining as a rapid and sensitive method for assaying the viability of hyphae.

scholarly journals Revision of EUCAST breakpoints: consequences for susceptibility of contemporary Danish mould isolates to isavuconazole and comparators

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2573-2581
Author(s):  
Karin Meinike Jørgensen ◽  
Jesus Guinea ◽  
Joseph Meletiadis ◽  
Rasmus Krøger Hare ◽  
Maiken Cavling Arendrup
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Background EUCAST recently revised the definition of the ‘I’ category from ‘intermediate’ to ‘susceptible, increased exposure’. Consequently, all current antifungal breakpoints have been reviewed and revised breakpoints (v 10.0) have been released. Objectives We investigated isavuconazole and comparator MICs (mg/L) against contemporary moulds and the consequences of the breakpoint revision for susceptibility classification. Methods Six hundred and ninety-six Aspergillus and 46 other moulds were included. EUCAST E.Def 10.1 azole resistance screening was performed for Aspergillus fumigatus and E.Def 9.3.1 testing of non-susceptible A. fumigatus and other moulds. Most non-wildtype/resistant isolates underwent cyp51A sequencing. Results Isavuconazole MIC50/MIC90s were ≤1/≤2 mg/L for Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans versus 2/4 mg/L for Aspergillus niger and 2/16 mg/L for Aspergillus terreus. For the remaining moulds, MICs were highest for Fusarium (16 to &gt;16 mg/L), lowest for dermatophytes (0.06–0.5 mg/L) and in between for Mucorales and others (1 to &gt;16 mg/L). A very strong isavuconazole–voriconazole MIC correlation was found for A. fumigatus (Pearson r = 0.888) and itraconazole–posaconazole correlation for A. fumigatus (r = 0.905) and A. terreus (r = 0.848). For A. fumigatus, the revised breakpoints lowered isavuconazole resistance (22.6% to 7.7%, P &lt; 0.0001) and increased voriconazole resistance (3.8% to 6.7%, P = 0.025), resulting in similar resistance rates across the four azoles (range: 6.7%–7.7%). For A. terreus, isavuconazole resistance remained unchanged (81.3%) and higher than itraconazole (43.8%, P = 0.004) and posaconazole (53.1%, P = 0.03) resistance. Azole cross-resistance was found in 24/24, 13/20 and 4/90 isolates, and Cyp51A alterations in 16/18, 1/7 and 2/4 sequenced isolates with isavuconazole MICs of &gt;4, 4 and 2 mg/L, respectively. Conclusions Isavuconazole displays broad anti-mould activity. The revised breakpoints result in fewer misclassifications of wildtype isolates without compromising detection of resistant mutants.

scholarly journals KHẢO SÁT CÁC TÁC NHÂN VI NẤM GÂY VIÊM ỐNG TAI NGOÀI TẠI KHOA TAI MŨI HỌNG BỆNH VIỆN NGUYỄN TRÃI TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂM 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 501 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Tường Vân ◽  
Trần Phủ Mạnh Siêu
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Viet Nam

Đặt vấn đề: Bệnh viêm ống tai ngoài rất phổ biến ở Việt Nam, do yếu tố khí hậu nóng ẩm, điều kiện vệ sinh chưa được nâng cao…. Tuy nhiên tại đa số các khoa Tai Mũi Họng, bệnh nhân bị nhiễm nấm tai chỉ được khám và điều trị mà thiếu kết quả phân lập vi nấm, kháng nấm đồ. Điều này làm cho việc điều trị không hiệu quả, thời gian bị bệnh kéo dài. Mục tiêu: Xác định tỷ lệ nhiễm vi nấm ở các bệnh nhân bị viêm ống tai ngoài, định danh chủng vi nấm gây bệnh, khảo sát các yếu tố liên quan đến bệnh viêm ống tai ngoài. Đối tượng: 177 bệnh nhân khám và được chẩn đoán bị viêm ống tai ngoài tại bệnh viện Nguyễn Trãi trong năm 2015. Phương pháp: Mô tả cắt ngang từ tháng 1 năm 2015 đến tháng 12 năm 2015 tại khoa Tai Mũi Họng- Bệnh viện Nguyễn Trãi TP HCM. Kết quả: có 63/177 (35,6%) bệnh nhân nhiễm vi nấm ống tai ngoài, trong đó nam 42,1%, nữ 32,5%. Nhóm bệnh nhân có thói quen hay lấy ráy tai là thường gặp nhất. Kết quả định danh vi nấm cho thấy Aspergillus fugimatus: 2 (3,2%), Aspergillus niger: 28 (42,9%), Aspergillus flavus: 20 (31,8%), Aspergillus terreus 13 (20,5%), Candida albican: 1/63; vi nấm khác: 0 (0%). Kết luận: tỷ lệ nhiễm nấm ống tai trên bệnh nhân viêm ống tai ngoài là 63/177 (35,6%). Các chủng vi nấm Aspergillus niger: 28 (42,9%), Aspergillus flavus: 20 (31,8%), Aspergillus terreus 13 (20,5%); yếu tố liên quan: thói quen hay lấy ráy tai.

Mycological analysis of homemade and industrialized peanut seeds (Arachis hypogaea) sold in Fortaleza, Ceará

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Larissa Nobre Veras ◽  
Erivan de Olivindo Cavalcante ◽  
Jacqueline Moura Barbosa ◽  
Thyra Pimentel Alves ◽  
José Mauro da Silva Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

O amendoim é uma oleaginosa originária da América do Sul. A espécie utilizada na alimentação humana, Arachis hypogaea, é bastante comercializada na forma industrializada ou caseira. Este estudo visou avaliar a contaminação micológica de amostras de amendoim industrializados e caseiros, determinando as possíveis interferências e os malefícios para a saúde humana. Para a realização do presente estudo, obteve-se a coleta de três amostras industrializadas, comercializadas em supermercados, e três amostras caseiras, vendidas por ambulantes, ambas encontradas na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Elas foram levadas ao Laboratório de Microbiologia na Universidade Estadual do Ceará e os procedimentos para análise micológica foram realizados pelo método de plaqueamento. Todas as amostras analisadas em triplicada, tanto caseiras quanto industrializadas, apresentaram crescimento fúngico, constatando-se, em geral, a presença dos seguintes gêneros e espécies: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp. e Penicillium sp. Os achados fúngicos podem estar relacionados a micoses, além da produção de aflatoxinas prejudiciais à saúde humana. Concluiu-se que os amendoins analisados apresentaram uma ampla contaminação fúngica, podendo ser responsáveis pelo comprometimento da saúde dos consumidores. Consequentemente, aconselha-se um maior controle nos processos de manipulação e armazenamento de amendoins, objetivando a garantia da segurança alimentar da população.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Sellulolitik Fungi Indigenus pada Fermetoge: Pakan Fermentasi Hewan Ruminansia Terbuat dari Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dan Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Isnawati Isnawati
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus

Eceng gondok dan tongkol jagung tergolong bahan bersellulosa. Pada campuran kedua bahan itu terdapat mikroba indigenus. Tujuan pertama riset ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas sellulolitik fungi indigenus yang terdapat pada fermetoge, pakan fermentasi dari campuran eceng gondok dan tongkol jagung. Eceng gondok dipotong dan tongkol jagung dihancurkan sampai berukuran sekitar 1-2 cm, dikukus, dan difermentasi secara alamiah menggunakan mikroorganisme indigenus. Mikroorganisme tersebut diisolasi dari pakan tersebut setiap hari selama 15 hari selama fermentasi berlangsung. Selanjutnya,isolate yang diperoleh dimurnikan, dikarakterisasi, dan diidentifikasi. Terdapat 10 fungi indigenus dalam pakan. Berdasarkan observasi karakteristik mikroskopik dan makroskopik fungi-fungi tersebut meliputi  Aspergillus sp1, Rhizopus sp1, Aspergillus terreus, Mucor sp1, Aspergillus sp2, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma sp1, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sp3, dan Penicillium sp1. Uji aktivitas sellulolitik pada medium spesifik CMC memaparkan bahwa Mucor Sp1, Rhizopus sp1 dan Trichoderma sp1 adalah tiga fungi dengan aktivitas sellulolitik tinggi, karena membentuk zona halo yang luas pada permukaan media setelah diwarnai dengan Congo red 2%.

scholarly journals Effects of Container and Duration of Storage on the Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razia Sultana ◽  
M Salahuddin M Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Khadija Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Vigor Index

A study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Seed Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh during July 2013 to June 2014 to determine the effects of different storage containers and durations of storage on the quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds and seedling growth. After harvest, seeds were stored in earthen pots, plastic pots, plastic bags, gunny bags with and without polyethylene lining for the periods of 4, 8, and 12 months. The seeds stored in plastic container showed the lowest moisture content (8.03%) at 4 months of storage and those stored in gunny bag showed the maximum moisture content (17.63%) at 12 months of storage. Percentage of seeds infested with fungi was minimum in plastic container, where the prevalence of Fusarium spp., Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Curvularia spp. were 1.47, 8.03, 3.31, 3.31, 2.57 and 3.53%, respectively at 4 months of storage. Prevalence of fungi was maximum in seeds stored in gunny bag where the prevalence of Fusarium spp., Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Curvularia spp. were 4.87, 17.63, 4.41, 5.97, 84.86 and 5.19%, respectively at 12 months of storage. In contrast, treated seeds stored in plastic container showed the maximum germination (94.74%), longest shoot (20.76 cm) and root (11.52 cm), highest seed vigor index (3087.00), highest weight of dry seedlings (55.60 g) at 4 months of storage. However, seeds stored in gunny bag showed the lowest seed germination (45.08%), shoot length (11.49 cm), root length (6.34 cm), seedling vigor index (838.10), dry weight of seedlings (33.40 g) and field emergence (37.36%) at 12 months of storage. Plastic containers appeared to be the best for storage of okra seeds.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 63-72

A case study of possible health hazards associated with poultry houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
O. O. J. Bale ◽  
A. A. Sekoni ◽  
C. N. Kwanashie
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Poultry Houses

This study on layer and broiler houses is expected to give basic information on the nature of microbes, their occurrence, health hazard they could constitute and the possibilities for disease control measures. Modern husbandry practices, state or local concentration of the industry, high stocking densities, uniform age distribution of birds and continuous feeding may promote the spread of poultry diseases. Illness due to contaminated food, poultry wastes, poultry and poultry by products are one of the most widespread problems of the contemporary world. From the poultry houses investigated, bacteria and fungi were isolated from swabs of window nets dust, feed stock, roof dust, faeces, floors, feeders, drinkers, feathers, cages and egg trays using standard microbiological media and biochemicals procedures.The isolates encountered include: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus sp., Pasteurella gallinarum, Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella sp., Eschericia coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yeast and Rhodotorula spp., which were nol typed. Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus sp., Pasteurella gallinarum, Klebsiella sp., Eschericia coli, Yeast and Rhodotorula Sp., were present in both layers and broilers houses structures and materials in varying proportions. However, Pasteurella Multocida, Salmonella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from egg trays, feathers, faeces, and feeders respectively from poultry house materials only and none from the structures of layers and broilers houses. The layer house structures and materials tend to yield more microbes mir than broiler house structures and materials. There were no acid-fast organisms observed from the sediments of washed swabs materials for culture using Ziehl-Neelsen stain

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