Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Food and Feedstuffs in Cuba (1990 through 1996) Using an Immunoenzymatic Reagent Kit (Aflacen)

The presence of aflatoxin B1 was analyzed in imported food and feedstuffs of national production in the period of 1990 through 1996, destined to animal and human consumption using an immunoenzymatic reagent kit (Aflacen, Ckure, la Habana, Cuba) with a detection limit of 0.3 μg/kg. It was found that the 17.04% of a total of 4,594 analyzed samples presented aflatoxin B1, and the biggest percentages were in sorghum and peanut with an 83.3 and 40.4%, respectively. The corn, oat, wheat, and soy are fundamental raw ingredients in the elaboration of concentrates. Percentages of contamination with aflatoxin B1 of 23.3, 10.7, 25, and 4.6 were found in corn, oat, wheat, and soy, respectively. Other analyzed foods like rice, beans, and peas presented percentages of contamination with aflatoxin B1 inferior to 5% of the analyzed samples. It was found that more than 455 samples surpassed the value of 10 μg/kg. Corn and peanut products present a high demand in population showing levels of contamination superior to 50 μg/kg. The 11.3% of the samples contaminated with aflatoxin B1 have values between 1 and 20 μg/kg, where peanut and concentrates show the highest percentages (21.9 and 18.7), respectively. These results show levels of aflatoxin B1 in the population that constitute a great risk for human and animal health.

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Occurrence of 222Rn and 226,228Ra in underground water and 222Rn in soil and their mutual correlations for underground water supplies in southern Greater Poland

Environmental Geochemistry and Health ◽

10.1007/s10653-020-00792-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Henryk Bem ◽

Magdalena Długosz-Lisiecka ◽

Daria Mazurek-Rudnicka ◽

Piotr Szajerski

Keyword(s):

Detection Limit ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Samples ◽

Scintillation Counter ◽

Direct Determination ◽

Underground Water ◽

Soil Gas ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Council Directive

AbstractEuropean Union Council Directive 2013/51/EURATOM recently sets out so-called indicator parameters for: radon, tritium and indicative dose of water intended for human consumption. The aim of this research was to elaborate an effective procedure for determination of radon and radium 226,228Ra isotopes (which are potentially the main contributors to the internal dose from drinking and cooking water) and to find the possible relationships between these radionuclides in underground water reservoirs and 222Rn concentration in the soil gas in their vicinity. The research was performed by applying a non-volatile and water-immiscible scintillation cocktail based on a pure diisopropylnaphthalene (Ultima Gold F: UGF), which allow for efficient radon extraction from 0.5 dm3 of water samples to 20 cm3 of scintillation phase and its direct determination with a detection limit of 5 × 10–3 Bq dm−3. The further preliminary concentration of 3 dm3 of crude water samples by evaporation to 0.5 dm3 samples led to the removal of all unsupported 222Rn activity and allowed the 226Ra determination via equivalent 222Rn detection after one-month samples storage using a low-background Triathler liquid scintillation counter in the α/β separation counting mode. Together with determination of 226Ra isotope in water samples, the simultaneous measurements of 228Ra and 222Rn radionuclides concentrations in water as well as 222Rn activity in the soil gas around the water supply sites were performed. The achieved limit of 226Ra detection was at a very low level of 10–3 Bq dm−3. The measured values of 226Ra concentration in 50 public underground water supply units for the Kalisz district of Poland were relatively low and ranged from below detection limit to 28.5 × 10–3 Bq dm−3 with arithmetic mean and median values of 12.9 and 12.2 × 10–3 Bq dm−3, respectively. Weak correlations were observed between activity concentrations of 226Ra and 222Rn in the crude water samples (R2 = 0.31) and 222Rn in water and its concentration in the nearby soil gas (R2 = 0.48).

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Categorization of animal by-products and labelling of derived products with of glycerol triheptanoate (GTH)

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6250 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (05) ◽

pp. 6250-2019

Author(s):

ALEKSANDRA GRELIK ◽

EWELINA KOWALCZYK ◽

KRZYSZTOF KWIATEK

Keyword(s):

Animal Health ◽

Control Measures ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Mass Spectrometry Detection ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Commission Regulation ◽

Rendered Fat ◽

By Products

Animal by-products result mainly from the slaughter of animals for human consumption, the production of products of animal origin (such as dairy products), the disposal of dead animals, and disease-control measures. Regardless of their source, they pose a potential risk to public and animal health and the environment. This risk needs to be adequately controlled, either by safe disposal of such products, or by their utilization, provided that strict conditions are maintained to minimize the health risks involved. Animal by-products are classified into categories that reflect the level of risk to public and animal health arising from those by-products (Cat. 1, 2 and 3). According to Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011, in processing plants for the processing of Category 1 or 2 material, derived products shall be permanently marked with glycerol triheptanoate (GTH). The minimum content of marker in target materials is 250 mg/kg of fat. For the determination of glycerol triheptanoate in dry meat, bone meals, rendered fat and soil adjuvants, gas chromatography technique and mass spectrometry detection are used

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Colorimetric Determination of Fluoride in Drinking Groundwater using a Polymeric Zirconium Complex of 5-(2-Carboxyphenylazo)-8-Hydroxyquinoline

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY ◽

10.24297/jac.v12i7.6703 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 460-465

Author(s):

Sameer Amereih ◽

Zaher Barghouthi ◽

Lamees Majjiad

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Detection Limit ◽

Complex Formation ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Colorimetric Determination ◽

Zirconium Complex ◽

Reliable Determination ◽

Percentage Recovery ◽

Quantitation Limit

A sensitive colorimetric determination of fluoride in drinking water has been developed using a polymeric zirconium complex of 5-(2-Carboxyphenylazo)-8-Hydroxyquinoline as fluoride reagents. The method allowed a reliable determination of fluoride in range of (0.0-1.5) mg L-1. The molar absorptivity of the complex formation is 7695 ± 27 L mol-1 cm-1 at 460 nm. The sensitivity, detection limit, quantitation limit, and percentage recovery for 1.0 mg L-1 fluoride for the proposed method were found to be 0.353 ± 0.013 μg mL-1, 0.1 mg L-1, 0.3 mg L-1, and 101.7 ± 4.1, respectively.

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