Abiotic and Biotic Factors Affect Efficacy of Chlorfenapyr for Control of Stored-Product Insect Pests

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1288-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICKOLAS G. KAVALLIERATOS ◽  
CHRISTOS G. ATHANASSIOU ◽  
ANN N. HATZIKONSTANTINOU ◽  
HELEN N. KAVALLIERATOU
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Grain Protectant

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to assess pyrole chlorfenapyr as a potential grain protectant against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae, Prostephanus truncatus, Tribolium confusum, and Liposcelis bostrychophila. Factors such as dose (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 ppm), exposure interval (7 and 14 days), temperature (20, 25, and 30°C), relative humidity (RH; 55 and 75%), and commodity (wheat, maize, barley, and paddy rice) were evaluated. Progeny production was assessed after 74 days of exposure. For L. bostrychophila and T. confusum the increase of dose increased mortality. After 7 or 14 days of exposure, mortality was low at doses of ≤1 ppm and did not exceed 23 or 36%, respectively, for L. bostrychophila or 13 or 58%, respectively, for T. confusum. After 14 days of exposure, mortality of S. oryzae at 30°C and 75% RH was 82.2%. Mortality of P. truncatus was considerably higher than that of the other species. At 0.5 ppm, mortality exceeded 81% after 7 days of exposure and 91% after 14 days of exposure. Progeny production of L. bostrychophila was extremely high. Very few progeny were found for T. confusum. For S. oryzae, offspring emergence was high, except at 20°C and 55% RH. For P. truncatus, progeny production in the treated maize was not avoided, even at 10 ppm. In the case of S. oryzae, at 0.1 ppm and after 14 days of exposure, mortality in wheat was higher than in the other three commodities. For R. dominica, mortality was low at 0.1 and 1 ppm for paddy rice but reached 74.4% in barley after 14 days of exposure. For T. confusum, mortality was low at 0.1 and 1 ppm in all commodities. For progeny production counts, for S. oryzae or R. dominica, adult emergence was higher in paddy rice than in the other three commodities. Finally, overall T. confusum progeny was low. Chlorfenapyr efficacy varied remarkably among the combinations tested, and it may be a viable grain protectant in combination with other insecticides.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Two Formulations of Chlorantraniliprole as Maize Protectants for the Management of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Maria C. Boukouvala ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Exposure Interval ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Effective Compound ◽  
Overall Mortality

The larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) is one of the most destructive insect pests of stored maize and dried tubers of cassava, and a wood-boring species. In the present study, we examined two chlorantraniliprole formulations, WG (wettable granule) with 350 g/kg active ingredient (a.i.) and SC (suspension concentrate) with 200 g/L a.i., as maize protectants against P. truncatus adults. Chlorantraniliprole formulations were applied as solutions at 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 ppm, and tested at 20, 25 and 30 °C. Both formulations performed similarly. After 7 days of exposure, the overall mortality provided by both formulations was very low (<17%). Seven days later, mortality was remarkably increased on maize treated with 1 and 10 ppm at 25 and 30 °C for both formulations. The highest mortality was noted in chlorantraniliprole WG, at 10 ppm and 30 °C (98.9%), followed by chlorantraniliprole SC (96.1%), at the same dose and temperature. WG formulation was more effective at 10 ppm and 25 °C (92.8%) than SC formulation (89.4%). No progeny production was noted on maize treated with the WG formulation at 20 and 30 °C. The SC formulation caused complete offspring suppression at 10 ppm at all three tested temperatures. The results of the present work indicate that chlorantraniliprole is an effective compound with a high insecticidal activity against T. truncatus on stored maize that depends on temperature, dose and exposure interval. The fact that chlorantraniliprole is a broad-spectrum insecticide, exhibiting low toxicity to mammals and beneficial arthropods, could be a valuable management tool in storage facilities.

scholarly journals Mobility of Stored Product Beetles after Exposure to a Combination Insecticide Containing Deltamethrin, Methoprene, and a Piperonyl Butoxide Synergist Depends on Species, Concentration, and Exposure Time

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
W. Robert Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Exposure Interval ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
The Relationship

Adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil, were exposed for 1, 24, and 72 h on wheat treated with concentrations of 0% (untreated controls) to 100% of the proposed label rate of an experimental formulation of deltamethrin + Methoprene + piperonyl butoxide synergist. Movement and velocity of movement were assessed after each exposure time using a camera-based monitoring system (Ethovision®). Movement of R. dominica decreased with increasing concentration and exposure time, so that movement had virtually ceased at the 48 and 72 h exposures. Cryptolestes ferrugineus was less susceptible compared to R. dominica, but there was still a general pattern of decreased movement and velocity of movement with increasing concentration and exposure time. Sitophilus oryzae was the least susceptible species, with less differences at the 1 h exposure interval compared to the other two species, but after 24–72 h, the patterns of declining movement and velocity were apparent as the concentration increased. Data were analyzed using curve-fit equations to show the relationship between concentration and exposure time for each species. Results show that the Ethovison system can be used to assess the sub-lethal effects of exposure to grain protectant insecticides and elucidate behavioral variation between different stored product insects.

Enhanced-Efficacy Iranian Diatomaceous Earth for Controlling Two Stored-Product Insect Pests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Delgarm ◽  
Masumeh Ziaee ◽  
Alan McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal activity of three diatomaceous earth (DE) products, SilicoSec (Biofa GmbH, Munsingen, Germany), Protect-It (Hedley Technologies Inc., Canada), and Mamaghan. The silica aerogel was mixed to enhance the efficacy of Mamaghan DE with 10, 15, and 20% rates. The DE products were applied at treatment rates of 100, 200, and 400 ppm against adults of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). In the second experiment, 0.1 and 0.5% deltamethrin was added to Mamaghan DE–10% silica aerogel to enhance the activity of the DE. Adult mortality was recorded 2, 5, 7, 10, and 14 d after exposure. Parental adults were removed after 14-d exposure time and progeny developed was evaluated after 65 d. Mamaghan–15 and 20% silica aerogel caused the highest mortality (>97%) against T. confusum after 10 d of exposure at the highest dose of 400 ppm which exceeded to 100% mortality after 14 d. However, the toxicity of Mamaghan DE against R. dominica was lower than that of the two commercial formulations at all dose rates. The presence of 0.1% deltamethrin increased the insecticidal activity of Mamaghan DE and significantly suppressed progeny production of both species. Even at the lowest dose of Mamaghan–10% + 0.1% deltamethrin, progeny production of both species was very low (four or less individuals per vial). However, no progeny was recorded in Mamaghan–10% + 0.5% deltamethrin. Thus, adding low rates of silica aerogel and deltamethrin considerably enhanced the efficacy of Mamaghan DE in controlling T. confusum and R. dominica.

Resistance levels of selected rice genotypes to Sitophilus oryzae L. and Rhyzopertha dominica F. infestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
S.K. Ajao ◽  
K.O. Popoola ◽  
S Mande ◽  
A Togola
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The need to screen new rice genotypes for resistance to stored product insect pests is important to boost production and availability of rice for food security. Therefore, thirteen rice genotypes and varieties included ten interspecific rice genotypes from two crossed parents Oryza sativa (WAB 56-104) and Oryza barthii (IRGC 106107), the two parents and NERICA8 variety were collected from Africa Rice Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, to examine their resistance level to infestation by Sitophilus oryzae L. and Rhyzopertha dominica F. The resistance of the varieties were assessed by artificial infestation with 12 unsexed adults each in 10 g of the rice varieties in four replicates under laboratory conditions of 26 ± 2oC temperature and 75 ± 5% relative humidity in a completely randomized design. Number of adult insect emergent, per cent grain damage, percent weight loss of infested samples and index of susceptibility were determined. Correlation analysis between nutritional contents of the varieties and infestation variables were also obtained. Results indicate differential responses of the two insects on the rice genotypes/varieties. The O. barthii parent was resistant, while the O. sativa parent was moderately resistant using the susceptibility index. Of the ten rice genotypes, G4, G3, G1, G7, G2, G10 and G9 were resistant in descending order, while G5 and G6 were moderately resistant, whereas only G8 was susceptible. NERICA8 was also found to be susceptible to infestation. In addition, the resistant grains had lower ash content. Modification in genetic variations and nutritional contents of new rice varieties may be a critical factor in insect resistant genotype pro-grammes to reduce post-harvest losses incurred by farmers. Keywords: Rice resistant genotypes; Rhyzopertha dominica; Oryzae sativa; Oryzae barthii; Sitophilus oryzae; susceptibility index

Changes in stored-wheat ecosystems infested with two combinations of insect species

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. G. White ◽  
R. N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Multiple Species

The consequences of infestation of bulk-stored wheat by multiple species of insects were determined for 60 weeks at 30 ± 2 °C. Eight 204-L drums containing wheat at 15.5% moisture content were used as three distinct systems: (I) Control system (two drums), insect free; (II) RST system (three drums), infested with the grouping of Rhyzopertha dominica F., Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); and (III) COT system (three drums), infested with the grouping of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), and T. castaneum. At triweekly intervals carbon dioxide, oxygen, temperature, grain moisture, seed damage, grain weight, dust weight, fat acidity values (FAV), seed germination, microflora, and the numbers of insects and the mite Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist were measured. Seeds died by week 15 and bacterial infection on them increased in all systems. The seed FAVs in the RST system peaked by week 30 and then declined steadily while these values were increasing continuously in the Control and levelling off in the COT systems. Insects multiplied exponentially for 6–15 weeks and then declined sharply or maintained oscillating populations; Sitophilus and Oryzaephilus were unable to survive in the presence of the other insects.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Combinations of Methoprene and Deltamethrin as Long-Term Commodity Protectants

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Sample Weight Loss

Wheat, corn, and brown rice were treated with different combinations of a deltamethrin suspension concentrate (SC) formulation and a new emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation, at rates of either 0.5 or 1.0 ppm alone or in combination with 1.25 and 2.5 ppm methoprene (10 treatments in all, including an untreated control). Treated commodities were stored at ambient conditions on the floor of an empty grain bin in Manhattan, KS, USA, in 5-kg lots for individual replicates. The commodities were sampled and bio-assayed every three months for 15 months by exposing 10 mixed-sex parental adults of selected adult stored product insects on 70–80 g of the commodity. For all treatments, there was no regression of declining efficacy with respect to the month. Therefore, the data were combined for analysis. On wheat and brown rice, there was no reproduction of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) in any of the treatments, and there was no weight loss in either commodity that was caused by feeding of the parental adults or developing progeny. There was reproduction of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on wheat but, for several combinations, the EC formulation gave better suppression of progeny compared to the standard SC. However, on brown rice, only the combination of 1.0 ppm deltamethrin EC and 2.5 ppm methoprene was different than other treatments with respect to progeny development, sample weight loss caused by feeding, and weight of the feeding damage itself. Progeny production was correlated with grain damage. No progeny of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) developed on the treated corn, but there was some variation in insect damage, with less damage in those treatments involving the EC formulation. Progeny production of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) was at the lowest in the combination of 1.0 ppm deltamethrin EC and 2.5 ppm methoprene. The resulting insect damage was the lowest in this combination as well. Results of this study were used by the registrant (Central Life Sciences) in the United States (US) to modify the commercial formulation to replace the deltamethrin SC with the EC, at label rates of either 0.5 ppm EC+ 1.25 ppm methoprene, or 1.0 ppm EC + 2.5 ppm methoprene, on wheat, corn, and rice.

The frequency of Cryptolestes spp. in grain in south-east Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair ◽  
M Bengston
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
Stored Grain Pests ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
Grain Farms

In a survey of 60 grain farms on the Darling Downs, Queensland, during 1977-78, the flat grain beetles Cryptolestes spp., which are germ feeders in stored grains, were found on 39 of the farms and in 15% of the 483 samples taken. Ninety percent of infestations involving Cryptolestes spp. were found in bag or bulk stores of seed and feed grain, where they were usually associated with heavy infestations of the three more common stored grain pests, the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbest.). Three species of Cryptolestes were detected: C. pusillus (Schonherr) (45.6% of farms surveyed), C. ferrugineus (Steph.) (28.1 %), and C. pusilloides (Steel and Howe) (15.8%). During the farm survey, samples were also collected from 8 of the 11 central storages reported infested with Cryptolestes spp. C. ferrugineus was present in each of these samples, C. pusillus in only one, whilst C. pusilloides was not found. The three species were tested for resistance to malathion and fenitrothion, the most commonly used grain-protectant chemicals, by exposing adults to treated wheat. C. pusillus and C. pusilloides were susceptible to both malathion and fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1). C. ferrugineus, whilst susceptible to fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1) was resistant to malathion, with LC99.9 of 300-400 mg kg-1 compared with the recommended dose of 18 mg kg -1. Although C. pusillus was the most common species on farms, it was concluded that C. ferrugineus was the most important overall because it is biologically better suited to the grain in central storages, which is typically hot (>30�C) and of low moisture content (< 12% for wheat).

Susceptibility of Twelve Genotypes of Triticale to the Rice Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the Lesser Grain Borer (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)2

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Baker ◽  
F. H. Arthur ◽  
P. L. Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Lesser Grain Borer ◽  
Total Progeny

Population development by the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and feeding damage caused by the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), were assessed on twelve triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) genotypes maintained at 25°C and at 11.7 or 14.2% moisture content. Among genotypes at 14.2% moisture content, total progeny production by the rice weevil ranged from 7.1 (GA82014) to 8.8 (87AB13541) weevils per female-day; mean time to adult emergence ranged from 35.5 (GA82014) to 36.9 days (87AB13541 and CT4699); and rate of emergence (a measure of the slope of the cumulative emergence curve at the average emergence day) ranged from 0.59 (87AB 13541) to 0.72 (‘Morrison’). Although there were some statistical differences among these population growth parameters on different triticale genotypes, all genotypes were at least as susceptible as the long grain brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) and soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cultivar ‘Florida 302’) controls tested concurrently. Development time of rice weevils was significantly delayed and total progeny production after 65 days was reduced about 17-fold on triticale genotypes at 11.7% moisture content. About 3-fold more frass was produced by lesser grain borers feeding for 7 days at 25°C on triticale genotypes at 14.2% moisture content compared to that obtained on genotypes at 11.7% moisture content. Significantly more feeding and frass production by lesser grain borers occurred on triticale and wheat than occurred on rice.

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