Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Bulk Tank Milk and Milk Filters in the United States†

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. VAN KESSEL ◽  
J. SONNIER ◽  
S. ZHAO ◽  
J. S. KARNS
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Class I ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Class I Integrons ◽  
Bulk Tank

Salmonella isolates were recovered from bulk tank milk as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Dairy 2002 and 2007 surveys. In-line milk filters were also tested in the 2007 survey. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella enterica isolates from bulk milk and milk filters in the NAHMS Dairy 2002 and 2007 surveys and to further characterize resistant isolates. Susceptibilities to 15 antibiotics were determined for 176 Salmonella isolates of 26 serotypes using an automated antimicrobial susceptibility system. Resistant isolates were screened by PCR for the presence of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (blaCMY) gene and class I integrons and further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Thirty isolates (17.0%) representing six S. enterica serotypes exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent (serotypes Newport [14 of 14 isolates exhibited resistance], Dublin [7 of 7], Typhimurium [3 of 5], Kentucky [4 of 22], Anatum [1 of 13], and Infantis [1 of 2]). Twenty isolates (11.4%), including all 14 Newport, 3 Dublin, 2 Typhimurium, and 1 Infantis isolate, displayed the typical multidrug-resistant, blaCMY-positive (MDR-AmpC) phenotype which included resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline, plus resistance to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Five of the MDR-AmpC isolates carried class I integrons (2.8%). Two-enzyme (XbaI and BlnI) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis discerned clades within serotypes and, together with the resistance profiles, identified strains that appeared to have persisted temporally and geographically. These results suggest that there is a low but appreciable risk of infection with MDR Salmonella from consumption of nonpasteurized milk and dairy products.

scholarly journals Two Novel Class I Integron Arrays Containing IMP-18 Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Puerto Rico

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 2119-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Martínez ◽  
G. J. Vazquez ◽  
E. E. Aquino ◽  
R. V. Goering ◽  
I. E. Robledo
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Array ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Class I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Class I Integrons ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACTDuring a β-lactam resistance surveillance study, 12 IMP-18-positivePseudomonas aeruginosaisolates belonging to 9 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groups were identified. In nine isolates, a class I integron with a novel gene array was identified that containedblaIMP-18andblaOXA-224, while in two isolates the class I integron containedblaIMP-18andblaOXA-2but in a new arrangement. Our findings show the dissemination of two novel class I integrons inP. aeruginosafrom different regions of Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals Molecular Analyses of Salmonellaenterica Isolates from Fish Feed Factories and Fish Feed Ingredients

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Live L. Nesse ◽  
Kerstin Nordby ◽  
Even Heir ◽  
Bjarne Bergsjoe ◽  
Traute Vardund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

ABSTRACT Isolates of the most commonly observed salmonella serovars in Norwegian fish feed factories from 1998 to 2000 (Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, S. enterica serovar Montevideo, S. enterica serovar Senftenberg, and S. enterica serovar Kentucky) were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profile analysis and compared to isolates of the same serovars from fish feed ingredients, humans, and other sources (a total of 112 isolates). Within each serovar, a variety of distinct PFGE types (with similarity levels less than 90%) were observed in the feed ingredients and other sources, while only two distinct types of each serovar were identified in the factories. The combined results of PFGE and plasmid analyses showed that each factory harbored only a few S. enterica clones. Some of these clones persisted for at least 3 years in the factories, indicating that there was long-lasting contamination probably due to inadequate decontamination procedures.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from broilers and pigs in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusadee Phongaran ◽  
Seri Khang-Air ◽  
Sunpetch Angkititrakul
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp., and the genetic relatedness between isolates from broilers and pigs at slaughterhouses in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples (604 broilers and 562 pigs) were collected from slaughterhouses from April to July 2018. Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified according to the ISO 6579:2002. Salmonella-positive isolates were identified using serotyping and challenged with nine antimicrobial agents: Amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC, 30 μg), ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NAL, 30 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT, 25 μg), and tetracycline (TET, 30 μg). Isolates of the predominant serovar Salmonella Typhimurium were examined for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Salmonella was detected in 18.05% of broiler isolates and 37.54% of pig isolates. The most common serovars were Kentucky, Give, and Typhimurium in broilers and Rissen, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden in pigs. Among broilers, isolates were most commonly resistant to antibiotics, NAL, AMP, TET, AMC, and CIP. Pig isolates most commonly exhibited antimicrobial resistance against AMP, TET, and SXT. Based on PFGE results among 52 S. Typhimurium isolates from broilers and pigs, a high genetic relatedness between broiler and pig isolates (85% similarity) in Cluster A and C from PFGE result was identified. Conclusion: The results revealed high cross-contamination between these two animal species across various provinces in Thailand. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, broilers, pigs, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Salmonella spp.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Muenster infections associated with goat's cheese, France, March 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
D van Cauteren ◽  
N Jourdan-da Silva ◽  
F X Weill ◽  
L King ◽  
A Brisabois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Pulsed Field

Salmonella enterica serotype Muenster (hereafter referred to as S. Muenster) is rare in France and in Europe. In France, a nationwide outbreak of gastrointestinal illness due to S. Muenster occurred during March and April 2008. Twenty-five laboratory-confirmed cases of S. Muenster were documented by telephone using a trawling questionnaire. Four patients were admitted to hospital and no death was recorded. Among the 21 interviewed cases, 16 reported consumption of goat's cheese in the days prior to symptoms. The investigation incriminated goat's cheese from producer X as being the most likely source of the outbreak. S. Muenster was isolated from both cases and the incriminated goat's cheese. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the food isolates of producer X and the isolates from cases were indistinguishable. Following the withdrawal of the contaminated batch of cheese, the number of cases decreased to its usual level. To our knowledge, this is the first published outbreak of S. Muenster associated with food consumption in Europe.

scholarly journals Nontyphoidal Salmonellae in United Kingdom Badgers: Prevalence and Spatial Distribution

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 4312-4315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sian Wilson ◽  
Sarah M. Hazel ◽  
Nicola J. Williams ◽  
Amos Phiri ◽  
Nigel P. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACT Eighteen (72%) of 25 badger social groups were found to excrete Salmonella enterica serovar Ried, S. enterica serovar Binza, S. enterica serovar Agama, or S. enterica serovar Lomita. Each serovar was susceptible to a panel of antimicrobials. Based on results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the S. enterica serovar Agama and S. enterica serovar Binza isolates were very similar, but two clones each of S. enterica serovar Lomita and S. enterica serovar Ried were found. Badgers excreting S. enterica serovar Agama were spatially clustered.

scholarly journals Investigation of genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica strains isolated from patients by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghafari ◽  
Bita Bakhshi ◽  
Mohamad Reza Pour Shafi ◽  
Nour Amir Mozafari ◽  
Mona Salimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field
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