Efficacy of Various Sanitizers against Salmonella during Simulated Commercial Packing of Tomatoes

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1868-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAIQIANG WANG ◽  
ELLIOT T. RYSER
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Roller Conveyor ◽  
Tank Water

Chemical sanitizers are usually added to dump tank water to minimize cross-contamination during tomato packing. However, the efficacy of sanitizers continues to be questioned. This study assessed the ability of six commonly used sanitizers (40 ppm of peroxyacetic acid, 40 ppm of mixed peracid, 40 ppm of available chlorine alone or acidified to pH 6.0 with citric acid or T-128, and electrolyzed water containing 40 ppm of available chlorine at pH 6.7) to reduce Salmonella on tomatoes, in wash water, and on equipment surfaces using a pilot-scale processing line. Red round tomatoes (11.3 kg) were dip inoculated to contain Salmonella at ~ 6 log CFU/g, air dried for 2 h, treated for 2 min in a 3.3-m-long dump tank and then dried on a roller conveyor, with sanitizer-free water serving as the control. Tomato and water samples were collected at 15-s intervals during washing with additional dump tank, water tank, and roller conveyor surface samples collected after washing. All samples were appropriately neutralized, diluted, and surface plated on Trypticase soy agar containing 0.6% yeast extract, 0.05% ferric ammonium citrate, and 0.03% sodium thiosulfate with or without membrane filtration to enumerate Salmonella. All six sanitizer treatments were more efficacious than the water control (P ≤ 0.05), with chlorine plus citric acid yielding the greatest Salmonella reduction on tomatoes (3.1 log CFU/g). After processing, all sanitizer wash solutions contained significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) levels of Salmonella than the water control (3.0 log CFU/ml). The four chlorine-based sanitizer treatments yielded significantly lower Salmonella populations (P ≤ 0.05) in the wash solution compared with peroxyacetic acid and mixed peracid. After processing with sanitizers, Salmonella populations decreased to nondetectable levels (< 0.2 log CFU/100 cm2) on the equipment surfaces.

scholarly journals Tryptophan and hydrogen sulfide reaction from modified trypticase soy agar

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
V L VON Riesen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Phenylpyruvic Acid ◽  
Ferric Ammonium

The use of Trypticase soy agar modified by the addition of 0.05% ferric ammonium citrate and 0.01% sodium thiosulfate for the determination of indole, phenylpyruvic acid, anthranilate, kynurenine, and hydrogen sulfide reactions is described.

Elution, Detection, and Quantification of Polio I, Bacteriophages, Salmonella Montevideo, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Seeded Strawberries and Tomatoes†,‡

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
JERZY LUKASIK ◽  
MICHAEL L. BRADLEY ◽  
TROY M. SCOTT ◽  
WEI-YEA HSU ◽  
SAMUEL R. FARRAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Ferric Ammonium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study compared the effect of different physical and chemical treatments of strawberries and tomatoes to determine their ability to recover seeded viral and bacterial pathogens from produce surfaces. Solutions of salts, amino acids, complex media, and detergents were compared as eluants. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.1% Tween 80 eluted the highest number of seeded microorganisms. Elution with this defined solution was then compared under different conditions of physical agitation. Rotary shaking for 20 min at 36°C eluted higher numbers of viruses and bacteria than did low- or high-speed stomaching. Commercially available and laboratory prepared bacteriological differential media were compared for their ability to recover and distinguish eluted Salmonella Montevideo and Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains from seeded produce. The recovery of seeded bacterial pathogens was low when differential media containing selective ingredients were used (Mac-Conkey sorbitol agar, XLD agar, MacConkey agar). Highest recoveries were obtained on a medium consisting of tryptic soy agar supplemented with sodium thiosulfate and ferric ammonium citrate compared with selective media that inhibited up to 50% of the growth of the eluted microorganisms.

scholarly journals ATF3 contributes to brucine-triggered glioma cell ferroptosis via promotion of hydrogen peroxide and iron

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Lu ◽  
Xuan-zhong Wang ◽  
Chuan He ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Shi-peng Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Glioma Cell ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor 3 ◽  
Intracellular Iron

AbstractFerroptotic cell death is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that is initiated by ferrous iron and H2O2 via Fenton reaction, in which the role of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) remains elusive. Brucine is a weak alkaline indole alkaloid extracted from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica, which has shown potent antitumor activity against various tumors, including glioma. In this study, we showed that brucine inhibited glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo, which was paralleled by nuclear translocation of ATF3, lipid peroxidation, and increases of iron and H2O2. Furthermore, brucine-induced lipid peroxidation was inhibited or exacerbated when intracellular iron was chelated by deferoxamine (500 μM) or improved by ferric ammonium citrate (500 μM). Suppression of lipid peroxidation with lipophilic antioxidants ferrostatin-1 (50 μM) or liproxstatin-1 (30 μM) rescued brucine-induced glioma cell death. Moreover, knockdown of ATF3 prevented brucine-induced accumulation of iron and H2O2 and glioma cell death. We revealed that brucine induced ATF3 upregulation and translocation into nuclei via activation of ER stress. ATF3 promoted brucine-induced H2O2 accumulation via upregulating NOX4 and SOD1 to generate H2O2 on one hand, and downregulating catalase and xCT to prevent H2O2 degradation on the other hand. H2O2 then contributed to brucine-triggered iron increase and transferrin receptor upregulation, as well as lipid peroxidation. This was further verified by treating glioma cells with exogenous H2O2 alone. Moreover, H2O2 reversely exacerbated brucine-induced ER stress. Taken together, ATF3 contributes to brucine-induced glioma cell ferroptosis via increasing H2O2 and iron.

Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Counts on Whole Fresh Apples by Treatment with Sanitizers

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCY A. WISNIEWSKY ◽  
BONITA A. GLATZ ◽  
MARK L. GLEASON ◽  
CHERYLL A. REITMEIER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction

The objectives of this study were to determine if washing of whole apples with solutions of three different sanitizers (peroxyacetic acid, chlorine dioxide, or a chlorine-phosphate buffer solution) could reduce a contaminating nonpathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 population by 5 logs and at what sanitizer concentration and wash time such a reduction could be achieved. Sanitizers were tested at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 times the manufacturer's recommended concentration at wash times of 5, 10, and 15 min. Whole, sound Braeburn apples were inoculated with approximately 1 × 108 or 7 × 106 CFU per apple, stored for 24 h, then washed with sterile water (control) or with sanitizers for the prescribed time. Recovered bacteria were enumerated on trypticase soy agar. Washing with water alone reduced the recoverable population by almost 2 logs from the starting population; this can be attributed to physical removal of organisms from the apple surface. No sanitizer, when used at the recommended concentration, reduced the recovered E. coli population by 5 logs under the test conditions. The most effective sanitizer, peroxyacetic acid, achieved a 5-log reduction when used at 2.1 to 14 times its recommended concentration, depending on the length of the wash time. The chlorine-phosphate buffer solution reduced the population by 5 logs when used at 3 to 15 times its recommended concentration, depending on wash time. At no concentration or wash time tested did chlorine dioxide achieve the 5-log reduction.

scholarly journals A study on the aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of ferrous ascorbate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulphate and ferric ammonium citrate, among the rural anaemic women, in the Indian spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751
Author(s):  
Moumita Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Ferrous Fumarate ◽  
Ferrous Ascorbate ◽  
Ferric Ammonium

Background: Anaemia is a global health concern, associated with increased maternal and perinatal mortality, preterm delivery, low birth weight, extreme fatigue and impaired immune system; and controlled by oral haematinics; with a rise in haemoglobin concentration. The objective was to examine the various aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of oral haematinics, among the anaemic women population, in rural India.Methods: This was a multi-centre, retrospective, observational and analytical study of the hospital medical records of 250 anaemic patients, who were allocated into group A of 125 patients within 15-21 years and group B of 125 patients within 22-35 years. The patients were prescribed oral haematinics, containing 60 mg of elemental iron, thrice daily, with meals. The various aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of ferrous ascorbate, ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate and ferric ammonium citrate, including patients’ demographic characteristics, anaemic symptoms assessment, prescription patterns, and safety assessment, on 1st, 2nd, 3rd months and follow-up visits, were recorded and thoroughly analysed..Results: In groups A and B, the demographic characteristics of the patients were comparable; ferrous ascorbate was the most commonly prescribed oral haematinic, followed by ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate and ferric ammonium citrate, which controlled mild to moderate iron deficiency anaemia, with a gradual significant rise in haemoglobin concentration, in the successive 3 months; and adverse effects were observed to be statistically non-significant in either group.Conclusions: The different aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance in the study established that the oral haematinics were reasonably beneficial and safe among the anaemic women population, in rural India.

THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN ORAL AND INJECTABLE IRON PREPARATIONS ON THE BLOOD OF BABY PIGS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Doornenbal
Keyword(s):  
Oral Iron ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Ferric Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Iron Dextran ◽  
Ferric Ammonium ◽  
Iron Sulphate

Haemoglobin levels, haematocrit values and erythrocyte counts were determined at weekly intervals from 3 to 45 days of age for 60 pigs which received iron in the form of: injectable iron-dextran (A); injectable iron-dextran (B); injectable ferric ammonium citrate; oral iron in the form of paste, or sods sprinkled with iron sulphate. The iron-dextran and ferric ammonium citrate compounds were administered at 3 days of age as single injections supplying 100 mgm. of iron and 30 mgm. of ferric ammonium citrate respectively. The paste was administered at 3, 10, 17 and 24 days of age. Sods were fed twice a week during the period of 3 days to 28 days of age.The sod treatment maintained normal blood values while the iron-dextran compounds and the paste resulted in values somewhat below normal, although visible evidence of anaemia was not apparent. Blood values for the group receiving ferric ammonium citrate were extremely low and two pigs on this treatment died at 42 and 60 days of age. Both exhibited severe anaemia.Significant differences were obtained in weaning weights. The heaviest pigs were those receiving sods; the lightest pigs those receiving injectable ferric ammonium citrate. The effect of the different treatments on growth was not apparent until after 21 days of age.

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