The effect of passive ultrasonic activation of 2% chlorhexidine or 3% sodium hypochlorite in canal wall cleaning

The purpose of this ex vivo study was to determine, in "open" and "closed" systems, whether the design has an influence on the penetration length of sodium hypochlorite mixed with a radiopaque contrast medium, measured in millimeters, when delivered using positive pressure (PP) and using sonic (SI) or passive ultrasonic (PUI) activation. Sixty single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups: open and closed systems (n=30). Root canal shaping was performed to a working length of 17 mm. The samples were divided into three sub-groups (n=10) according to irrigant delivery and activation: PP, and SI or PUI activation. By using radiographs, penetration length was measured, and vapor lock was assessed. For the closed group, the penetration distance means were: PP 15.715 (±0.898) mm, SI 16.299 (±0.738) mm and PUI 16.813 (±0.465) mm, with vapor lock occurring in 53.3% of the specimens. In the open group, penetration to 17 mm occurred in 97.6% of the samples, and no vapor lock occurred. Irrigant penetration and distribution evaluation using open and closed systems provide significantly different results. For closed systems, PUI is the most effective in delivering the irrigant to working length, followed by SI.

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Efficacy of reciprocating and ultrasonic activation of 6% sodium hypochlorite in the reduction of microbial content and virulence factors in teeth with primary endodontic infection

International Endodontic Journal ◽

10.1111/iej.13261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 604-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Aveiro ◽

V. M. Chiarelli‐Neto ◽

A. de‐Jesus‐Soares ◽

A. A. Zaia ◽

C. C. R. Ferraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virulence Factors ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Endodontic Infection

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Differential aggressiveness of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid in causing canal wall erosion in the presence of sodium hypochlorite

Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1016/j.jdent.2009.10.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Sui Mai ◽

Young Kyung Kim ◽

Dwayne D. Arola ◽

Li-sha Gu ◽

Jong Ryul Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Tetraacetic Acid ◽

Canal Wall ◽

Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid

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Effect of Passive Ultrasonic Activation on Organic Tissue Dissolution from Simulated Grooves in Root Canals Using Sodium Hypochlorite with or without Surfactants and EDTA

Journal of Endodontics ◽

10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.041 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (7) ◽

pp. 1161-1165 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Roberto Estevez ◽

Antonio J. Conde ◽

Oliver Valencia de Pablo ◽

Francisco de la Torre ◽

Giampiero Rossi-Fedele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Organic Tissue

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Effect of EDTA, Sonic, and Ultrasonic Activation on the Penetration of Sodium Hypochlorite into Simulated Lateral Canals: An In Vitro Study

Journal of Endodontics ◽

10.1016/j.joen.2009.03.015 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 891-895 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Cesar de Gregorio ◽

Roberto Estevez ◽

Rafael Cisneros ◽

Carlos Heilborn ◽

Nestor Cohenca

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Ultrasonic Activation

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Sodium hypochlorite penetration into dentinal tubules after manual dynamic agitation and ultrasonic activation: a histochemical evaluation

Odontology ◽

10.1007/s10266-018-0355-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 106 (4) ◽

pp. 454-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luigi Generali ◽

Erica Campolongo ◽

Ugo Consolo ◽

Carlo Bertoldi ◽

Luciano Giardino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Dentinal Tubules

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Effect of sonic and ultrasonic activation on organic tissue dissolution from simulated grooves in root canals using sodium hypochlorite and EDTA

International Endodontic Journal ◽

10.1111/iej.12717 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 976-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A. J. Conde ◽

R. Estevez ◽

G. Loroño ◽

Ó. Valencia de Pablo ◽

G. Rossi-Fedele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Organic Tissue

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Efficacy of EDTA and HEDP Chelators in the Removal of Mature Biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis by PUI and XPF File Activation

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9040041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Alejandro Álvarez-Sagües ◽

Nerea Herce ◽

Ulises Amador ◽

Francisco Llinares-Pinel ◽

Estanislao Nistal-Villan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Untreated Control Group ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Biofilm Removal ◽

Proper Comparison ◽

Antibacterial Capacity

Background: Biofilm removal from the root canal during endodontic treatment is necessary to prevent further complications. Irrigation is essential to success. Several irrigants have been proposed without a proper comparison. The aim of the study is to compare the antibacterial capacity of different activated irrigants using passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) or XP-Endo finisher (XPF). Methods: A total of 100 instrumented teeth were incubated in an Eppendorf tube containing 0.5 McFarland of Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for 2 weeks at 37 °C. Roots were divided into 5 groups (n = 20) according to the irrigant type: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (17%), ethydronic acid (HEDP) (9%) mixed with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), EDTA (17%) mixed with 5.25% NaOCl, PBS, and a control group. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10): PUI and XPF. Results: As compared to the untreated control group, the irrigators included in the study had a significant effect in bacteria reduction. The obtained results show HEDP to be the most effective irrigant, since no bacteria were recovered after treatment of this group, followed by EDTA mixed with NaOCl and, finally, the EDTA-irrigated group. Conclusions: HEDP is the best irrigating agent in combination with XPF or PUI file activation to eliminate bacteria in our experimental model.

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Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite Concentration in Continuous Chelation on Dislodgement Resistance of an Epoxy Resin and Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Sealer

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13203482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 3482

Author(s):

Nidambur Vasudev Ballal ◽

Amal Roy ◽

Matthias Zehnder

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Resin ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Canal Wall ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Root Canal Irrigation ◽

The Impact

The conditioning of the root canal wall during chemo-mechanical root canal treatment differentially affects the adhesion of root canal sealers. This investigation evaluated the impact of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentration as used in a root canal irrigation concept called continuous chelation, with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) contained in the NaOCl solution that is applied. Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the dentinal wall were gathered. The consequential effects on push-out bond strength of an epoxy resin (AH Plus) versus a hydraulic CaSi sealer (BioRoot RCS) were assessed. Single-rooted extracted human teeth were used and irrigated with pure NaOCl at a concentration of 0% (physiological saline), 2.5%, or 5.25%. Dual Rinse HEDP (9%) was added to the solutions, or not added for further control. Pure NaOCl solutions caused a decrease in the amide III: phosphate ratios, which was counter-acted by the addition of HEDP. It was observed that the adhesion of the epoxy resin sealer under investigation was negatively affected by this NaOCl deproteinization of the canal wall in a dose-dependent manner, while the opposite was observed with the CaSi sealer. HEDP when used in conjunction with NaOCl was beneficial for the adhesion of both sealers.

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Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic Environments

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2531

Author(s):

Nidambur Vasudev Ballal ◽

Anja Ivica ◽

Pamela Meneses ◽

Raj Kumar Narkedamalli ◽

Thomas Attin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Diphosphonic Acid ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Direct Exposure ◽

Organic Tissue

The addition of Dual Rinse HEDP, an etidronate powder, to a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution can create a combined single endodontic irrigant with a soft tissue-dissolving and a decalcifying effect, which can replace traditional alternating irrigation with chemically non-compatible solutions. While the short-term compatibility between NaOCl and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) has been shown, it remains unclear whether ultrasonic activation of a combined NaOCl & HEDP solution immediately reduces the available chlorine and/or renders the NaOCl ineffective in dissolving organic tissue remnants. This was tested in three experiments: (1) direct activation in test tubes in an ultrasonic bath and then the activation by an ultrasonically oscillating tip (IrriSafe) in (2) an epoxy resin model containing a simulated isthmus filled with gelatin, and (3) extracted teeth with simulated resorption cavities filled with soft tissue. The control solutions were physiological saline and 2.5% NaOCl without HEDP. In (1), available chlorine after 30 s of ultrasonic activation (37 kHz) of test and control solution was assessed, as well as shrimp tissue weight loss in direct exposure. In (2) and (3), the ultrasonic tip was driven at 1/3 of full power using the respective unit, and areas of removed gelatin from the isthmus and tissue weight loss were used as the outcomes, respectively. Experiment (1) revealed no negative impact by HEDP on available chlorine (1), while all three experiments showed a highly significant (p > 0.001) synergistic effect, which was not hampered by HEDP, between NaOCl and ultrasonic activation regarding tissue weight loss (1, 3) and dissolution of gelatin (2).

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