The construction of ‘learning difficulties’ and ‘reasonable adjustments’ to teaching, learning and assessment

Respuestas ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Andrea Carolina Rojas Suarez ◽  
Adriana Patricia Contreras Hernández ◽  
Mayra Alejandra Arévalo Duarte

Este estudio tiene como propósito favorecer el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en niños con discalculia mediante el desarrollo de estrategias didácticas. La metodología investigativa se enmarca dentro del paradigma cualitativo, con un método etnográfico de tipo exploratorio. Su objeto de estudio requiere ser abordado a partir del registro de observaciones del desenvolvimiento de los estudiantes con dificultades en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas a través del desarrollo de pruebas en esta área. Las categorías abordadas corresponden a factores que intervienen en el aprendizaje, las alternativas de enseñanza, el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en niños con discalculia y actividades matemáticas de acuerdo al pensamiento numérico, las cuales marcaron la ruta de ejecución para abordar el objeto de investigación. Finalmente, se concluye que las estrategias utilizadas permitieron al estudiante no sólo conocer el tema a partir del proceso desarrollado sino al mismo tiempo reforzar y mantener constante su motivación y participación en el aprendizaje de esta área fundamental en el currículo escolar.Palabras clave: Aprendizaje, discalculia, estrategias didácticas, pensamiento numérico, paradigma cualitativo. AbstractThis study was aimed to encourage the learning of mathematics in children with developmental dyscalculia through education and teaching strategies. The research methodology is framed within the qualitative paradigm, with an exploratory ethnographic method, as its object of study needs to be addressed from the observational record of the development of students with learning difficulties in mathematics through the development of evidence in this area. The categories addressed relate to factors that affect learning, alternative teaching, learning mathematics in children with dyscalculia and mathematics activities according to numerical thinking, which marked the path of execution to address the subject of investigation. Finally, we conclude that the strategies used allowed the student not only know the subject from the process developed but at the same time, enhance and maintain constant motivation and participation in learning in this key area in the school curriculum.Keywords: Learning, dyscalculia, teaching strategies, numerical thinking, qualitative paradigm.


Author(s):  
Ang Liu ◽  
Stephen C.-Y. Lu ◽  
Yun Dai

The purpose of the flipped classroom approach is to enhance the effectiveness of interactions in class. Nevertheless, in practice, simply asking students to watch lecture recordings at home will not automatically lead to more structured interactions in class. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a new method called the pain index survey, which functions to collect, aggregate, and analyze student’s early feedback in terms of how painful they feel over each content slide during their before-class learning. The accumulated pain index survey result can facilitate the teaching/learning of design in two ways. First, different students’ common feedbacks will enable the instructor to identify those universally perceived learning difficulties and to address them accordingly via guided instructor-student interactions in class. Second, different students’ complementary feedbacks will facilitate the instructor to form study groups respectively to promote the peer-to-peer interactions after class. Two case studies are presented to share some of our preliminary lessons and observations.


Author(s):  
Mila Naranjo Llanos ◽  
Verónica Jiménez Perales

Abstract:INCLUSIVE ASSESSMENT IN RESPONSE TO LEARNING DISABILITIESSocio- cultural perspective has emphasized the profound interrelationship between teaching and learning and assessment processes (eg Gipps, 2002). Also noted the importance for the development of inclusive schools and classrooms, that teachers adapt certain assessment tools (eg Tharp, Estrada, Dalton, and Yamauchi, 2000). According to this approach, the present work aims to analyze the adaptability of these practices to the students difficulties and to understand some of the factors that influence teachers to develop assessment practices more inclusive. To do this, we have analyzed the processes of teaching, learning and assessment of 21 groups of students in the 4th year of secondary school (16 years). These 21 groups corresponding to four Secondary Schools. Each school used all groups in the subject of Mathematics to students of 4th ESO was provided. For each of the processes, were conducted several interviews with the respective teachers, and samples of assessment instruments used were collected both with students with learning difficulties as the others. The collected data were analyzed according to a category system based on the analysis model of interactivity proposed by Coll and colleagues, reviewed and adapted to the study of situations and evaluation activities (Coll, Barberà and Onrubia, 2000).Results show that assessment practices developed by teachers and students do not have a high degree of adaptability. Also show that although the assessment practices used to assess students with learning difficulties in mathematics are different from those used with other students, were not more adaptive and inclusive.Keywords: inclusive assessment, adaptive teaching, learning difficultiesResumen:La perspectiva socio-cultural ha subrayado la profunda interrelación entre procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje y procesos de evaluación (p.e. Gipps, 2002). Igualmente, ha señalado la importancia, para el desarrollo de aulas y escuelas inclusivas, de que los profesores adapten determinadas formas e instrumentos de evaluación (p.e. Tharp, Estrada, Dalton y Yamauchi, 2000). De acuerdo con estos planteamiento, el trabajo que presentamos pretende analizar el grado de adaptabilidad de estas prácticas a las dificultades que muestran los alumnos, así como comprender algunas de los factores que influyen en que los profesores puedan desarrollar prácticas de evaluación de carácter más inclusivo. Para ello, se han analizado los procesos de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación de 21 grupos de alumnos de 4º curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (16 años). Estos 21 grupos corresponden a cuatro Institutos de Educación Secundaria. En cada instituto se han analizado todos los grupos en que se impartía la asignatura de Matemáticas a alumnos de 4º de ESO. Para cada uno de los procesos, se llevaron a cabo diversas entrevistas con los profesores respectivos, y se recogieron muestras de los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados, tanto con los alumnos con dificultades en el aprendizaje como con los restantes. Los datos recogidos se analizaron de acuerdo con un sistema de categorías basado en el modelo de análisis de la interactividad propuesto por Coll y sus colaboradores, revisado y adaptado para el estudio de las situaciones y actividades de evaluación (Coll, Barberá y Onrubia, 2000). Los resultados muestran que las prácticas evaluativas desarrolladas por profesores y alumnos no presentan un grado elevado de adaptabilidad. También muestran que, aunque las prácticas de evaluación utilizadas para evaluar a los alumnos con dificultades en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas son diferentes a las empleadas con el resto de alumnos, no son más adaptativas ni inclusivas.Palabras clave: evaluación inclusiva, enseñanza adaptativa, dificultades en el aprendizaje.


2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Jussimara Souza ◽  

The article aims at introducing new technologies in schools, especially the educational computing in the teaching-learning process in early childhood education, especially in formatting and preparation of electronic games that can contribute in teaching methodologies both in mathematics as in other curriculum subjects. The completion of this article, is seated on the possibility of introducing electronic games in the pedagogical projects to make learning more meaningful to the student. The research technique used was bibliographic research. For this, the school as a social institution needs to organize to computerize student learning and make electronic games one of their important goals in developing new senses of learning. In this way, the article proposes to instruct the students to create and edit different games that can be used in the learning difficulties in disciplines. Keywords: Keywords: New technologies. Electronic games. Learning. Child education.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Crystiano José Richard Machado ◽  
Alexandre Magno Andrade Maciel ◽  
Rodrigo Lins Rodrigues ◽  
Ronaldo Menezes

Discussion forums in learning management systems (LMS) have been shown to promote student interaction and contribute to the collaborative practice in the teaching-learning process. By evaluating the postings, teachers can identify students with learning difficulties. However, due to the large volume of posts that are generated on a daily basis in these environments, manual analysis becomes impractical. This article proposes a mechanism to support teaching through the thematic relevance analysis of the posts made by students in discussion forums. For this, text mining and metrics from network science were used to process and extract characteristics of the texts. Then, the processed texts were classified through supervised learning algorithms. The results show that the use of these techniques may generate potentially useful indicators for teachers to help them improve their pedagogical practices.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salatiel Dantas Silva ◽  
Ademar França de Sousa Neto ◽  
Francisco Milton Mendes Neto ◽  
Rodrigo Monteiro de Lima ◽  
Karla Rosane do Amaral Demoly

People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have characteristicsdescribed as the disability to relate to others, communication disorders, andobsessive concern about what is unchanging. In this sense, this paper aimsto present an application for mobile devices, in a serious game format, whosepurpose is to aid the teaching-learning process of autistic children, also seekingto reduce their isolation tendencies. Also, it shows both ontologies and theMultiagent System integrated into the application. The validation occurred withautism specialists through questionnaires. The results indicate that the proposedapplication presents the potential to reach its objectives.


Author(s):  
Eman Alhelal ◽  
Fahad Alnaim

This study aimed to explore the impact of Montessori activities on developing the phonological awareness skills of second-grade primary school pupils with learning difficulties and also aimed to examine any academic and developmental difficulties. A qualitative approach with the case study design was used to achieve the study objectives. The study sample consisted of three female pupils, a teacher specialised in teaching learning difficulties, and a primary class teacher. A variety of tools were designed and used: a test to reveal phonological awareness skills, an intervention program based on the Montessori method for developing phonological awareness, observations, interviews, and document analysis. The study showed different results, mainly that Montessori activities provided an educational framework to meet the individual needs for developing phonological awareness skills, a sequential experience of these skills development, and educational opportunities to enhance the understanding of phonological awareness skills. This indicates that Montessori's activities effectively develop phonemic awareness and impact the academic and developmental difficulties of pupils with learning difficulties. In light of these results, some recommendations and suggestions were presented.


Author(s):  
José Elyton Batista dos Santos ◽  
Bruno Meneses Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Alberto Alberto de Vasconcelos

Resumo: Neste texto apresentamos um panorama das pesquisas sobre uso de games nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental a partir dos repositórios da CAPES e da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) em um recorte temporal de 2014 a 2019. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica. Foram reunidos 17 trabalhos sobre games ou jogos digitais e após uma filtragem, analisamos nove produções. Os trabalhos revelaram que as crianças contemporâneas passam mais de duas horas do seu tempo diário fazendo uso de games e no contexto escolar, seu uso também é presente, possibilitando um ensino dinâmico e atrativo nas diferentes áreas do saber. Além disso, colabora para aprendizagem de alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem, permite maior interação, o desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico e estimula as relações entre objetos virtuais e reais.Palavras-chave: Anos iniciais. Games. Ensino-aprendizagem. The use of games in the first years of fundamental education: what research saysAbstract: In this text, we present an overview of research on the use of games in the early years of elementary school from the CAPES and Brazilian Digital LLibrary of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) repositories in a time frame from 2014 to 2019. This is a bibliographic research. 17 works about games or digital games were gathered and after filtering, we analyzed nine productions. The works revealed that contemporary children spend more than two hours of their daily time using games and in the school context, their use is also present, enabling dynamic and attractive teaching in different areas of knowledge. In addition, it contributes to the learning of students with learning difficulties, allows greater interaction, the development of logical reasoning and stimulates the relationships between virtual and real objects.Keywords: Elementary school. Games. Teaching-learning. 


Author(s):  
Aura-Liliana BRÎNZILĂ

The study focused on students with liminal intellect integrated in the mainstream school and was based on adapting the teaching-learning-recovery methods to the students` developmental particularities. It started from the premise that students’ cognitive Rehabilitation process would be improved through cognitive stimulation programs based on the storytelling method. The storytelling as a therapeutic method accompanied a set of exercises for cognitive stimulation influenced children` s cognitive performances. Participants in the research were 32 students from the second grade based on the results they obtained on „Progressive Reaven Matrices” test (QI values in the range 68-85). Participants were organized in two groups: 16 in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. Test-retest method with a single dependent variable was used. Qualitative results of this research are: the metaphors used in the stories taught the students to overcome the emotional barriers, they learned that they can ask several times about something they did not understand, without being criticized or stigmatized for their lack of knowledge; the symbols used in the construction of the stories led to the development of an efficient communication between the parents and the students included in the experimental group; the cognitive stimulation program facilitated the structuring and restructuring of learning leading to the improvement of learning difficulties.


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