Regulating religious symbols in public schools: the legal status of the Islamic headscarf in Bulgaria: Kristen Ghodsee

2013 ◽  
pp. 128-143
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
Islamic Headscarf

The Islamic Headscarf Problem before Secular Legal Systems: Factual and Legal Developments in Turkish, French and European Human Rights Laws

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ulusoy
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Legal Standard ◽  
Islamic Headscarf ◽  
European Court ◽  
Significant Symbol ◽  
Political Message

AbstractThe Islamic headscarf problem is bound to form a risk of clash of civilizations between Western and Muslim cultures. In Turkey, the Islamic headscarf constitutes a significant symbol or cause of battle between a powerful ultra-secularist Kemalist bureaucracy and moderate but also opportunist Islamist politics. In France, despite previous judicial solution, the legal headscarves ban in (merely public) schools seems to be a political message to the conservative and nationalist electorate in the name of Republicanism. The European Court of Human Rights' legalization of headscarves bans tends to be a legal coup de main for the contenders against Islamist radicalism. Dealing with this problem responsibly following rational legal standard – as described and proposed in this article – could surprisingly demonstrate that a consensus is possible concerning such a big problem between two cultures.

Neutrality of the State and Regulation of Religious Symbols in Schools in Quebec and France

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Koussens
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
State Neutrality ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Difference

The difference in attitudes towards the wearing of religious symbols in schools in France and Canada is symptomatic of the respective legal and political definitions of the official neutrality of the school institution and thus of way in which laicism is used to regulate religious pluralism and the “socio-cultural” integration of immigrant populations. In what ways is state neutrality put into practice, in Quebec and in France, as regards the judicial and political treatment of the wearing of religious symbols in public schools? The author proposes to examine the implementation of the liberal principle of neutrality by the French law dated 15 March 2004 on the wearing of religious symbols in public schools and by the decision of the Supreme Court of Canada of 2 March 2006 to allow a young Sikh to wear his ritual kirpan at school.

scholarly journals Il crocifisso ‘accomodato’. Considerazioni a prima lettura di Corte cass., Sezioni Unite civili, n. 24414 del 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Reasonable Accommodation ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
The Relationship

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La decisione (in sintesi): una soluzione subottimale - 3. Il ruolo determinante del principio supremo di laicità - 4. Laicità sostanziale, laicità procedurale, accomodamento ragionevole - 5. Discriminazione diretta e indiretta. - 6. Conclusioni. The crucifix ‘accommodated’. Considerations at first reading of the judgment no. 24414/2021 by the United Sections of the Italian Supreme Court of cassation ABSTRACT: With decision no. 24414/2021 the United Sections of the Italian Supreme Court of cassation have provided an unprecedented solution to the issue of religious symbols in the classrooms of public schools. In this essay the author analyses the judgment, focusing in particular on three aspects: the relationship between the so-called ‘Italian principle of secularism’ and the reasonable accommodation; the existence or not of discrimination against the teacher who has been obliged to teach under the crucifix; the practical ways in which this ruling can become 'living law' in the Italian legal system.

scholarly journals Everyday life of the people's teachers of the russian empire in the second half of 19th - early 20th centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 806-814
Author(s):  
Razilia Rauilovna Zhilkibaeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article examines the features of folk teachers' everyday life in the Russian Empire during the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The study is based on such concepts as everyday life, lifestyle, standard of living, and working conditions. As the part of the study of folk teachers' everyday life, the author focused on the consideration of the material, legal status, living and working conditions, and professional opportunities provided to teachers. Besides, the reasons for the frequent layoffs of national teachers were studied. Based on a deep analysis of historical sources and literature, the author comes to the conclusion that by the end of the XIX - the beginning of the XX centuries most of the teaching positions in public schools began to be occupied by female teachers, and attempts were made to raise their material and legal status at the legislative level. Despite such attempts, folk teachers in the Russian Empire had a low professional status in contrast to their male colleagues during the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. This was due to the fact that during this period woman were not full members of society yet and the processes of women's emancipation in Russia proceeded much more slowly than in other countries.

scholarly journals Religious Symbols in Public Schools as Teachable Controversies in Religious Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Christian Moe
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
And Migration

This focus issue of CEPS Journal raises two topics usually treated separately, Religious Education and the use of religious symbols in public schools. Both involve the challenge of applying liberal democratic principles of secularism and pluralism in a school setting and refract policies on religion under conditions of globalisation, modernisation and migration. I take this situation as a teachable moment and argue that it illustrates the potential of a particular kind of Religious Education, based on the scientific Study of Religion, for making sense of current debates in Europe, including the debate on religious education itself. However, this requires maintaining a spirit of free, unbiased comparative enquiry that may clash with political attempts to instrumentalise the subject as a means of integrating minority students into a value system.

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