Migration, the job search and social networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 91
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Job Search

scholarly journals Race and Networks in the Job Search Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Pedulla ◽  
Devah Pager
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Job Offers

Racial disparities persist throughout the employment process, with African Americans experiencing significant barriers compared to whites. This article advances the understanding of racial labor market stratification by bringing new theoretical insights and original data to bear on the ways social networks shape racial disparities in employment opportunities. We develop and articulate two pathways through which networks may perpetuate racial inequality in the labor market: network access and network returns. In the first case, African American job seekers may receive fewer job leads through their social networks than white job seekers, limiting their access to employment opportunities. In the second case, black and white job seekers may utilize their social networks at similar rates, but their networks may differ in effectiveness. Our data, with detailed information about both job applications and job offers, provide the unique ability to adjudicate between these processes. We find evidence that black and white job seekers utilize their networks at similar rates, but network-based methods are less likely to lead to job offers for African Americans. We then theoretically develop and empirically test two mechanisms that may explain these differential returns: network placement and network mobilization. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for scholarship on racial stratification and social networks in the job search process.

Networking as a Job-Search Behavior and Career Management Strategy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica L. Forret
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Career Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Search Behavior ◽  
New Jobs

Networking is often cited as a key to job-search success; however, relatively little scholarly research on networking as a job-search behavior exists. The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature on networking and its relevance for job-search success and career management more broadly. The use of networking for both obtaining new jobs at different employers as well as advancing upward in one’s current organization is considered. This chapter describes the importance of networking for developing career competencies, how networking can enhance a job seeker’s social network, and barriers faced by women and minorities in building their social networks. The multiple ways in which networking has been measured are described, along with the antecedents and outcomes of networking behavior pertinent to job seekers. This chapter discusses the implications of networking as a job-search behavior for job seekers, career counselors, and organizations and concludes with future research suggestions for scholars.

scholarly journals Social Ties and the Job Search of Recent Immigrants

ILR Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Goel ◽  
Kevin Lang
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
The Difference

This article highlights a specific mechanism through which social networks help in job search. The authors characterize the strength of a network by its likelihood of providing a job offer. Using a theoretical model, they show that the difference between wages in jobs found using networks versus those found using formal channels decreases as the network becomes stronger. The authors verify this result for recent immigrants to Canada for whom a strong network is captured by the presence of a “close tie.” Furthermore, structural estimates confirm that the presence of a close tie operates by increasing the likelihood of generating a job offer from the network rather than by altering the network wage distribution.

Network-Based Job Search

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Krug ◽  
Martina Rebien
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Market Outcomes

SummaryUsing a search-theoretical model proposed by Montgomery (1992), we analyze the effects of information flow via social networks (friends, relatives, and other personal contacts) on monetary and non-monetary labor market outcomes. Propensity score matching on survey data from low-status unemployed respondents is used to identify causal effects. The analysis takes into account unobserved heterogeneity by applying Rosenbaum bounds. We show that the standard approach to investigating labor market outcomes in terms of how jobs are found is misleading. As an alternative, we propose focusing comparative analyses of labor market outcomes on how individuals search for jobs and, more particularly, on whether they search for jobs via social networks. Using this approach we find no evidence for causal effects on monetary outcomes such as wages and wage satisfaction. We also find no effects for non-monetary outcomes like job satisfaction.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUALS, COLLECTIVES AND SOCIABILITIES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: promoting new forms of inclusion and active job search

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. a8en
Author(s):  
Teresa Cardoso ◽  
João Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Networked Society

The digital revolution has instigated the paradigm of the networked society, mediated by technology, with an impact on lifestyles, increasingly more virtual and online, stimulating new forms of sociability between individuals and collectives. In this text, we present a reflection on the relationship between digital social networks, active job search and social inclusion. Moreover, we present the case of the Project “REviver na Rede”, which has been enabling us to conclude that social networks, like Facebook, are valid tools for the integration, socialization and active job search, helping to improve the employability and also the economic and social development of local communities.  

scholarly journals Soziale Netzwerke und Jobfindung von Hochschulabsolventen – Die Bedeutung des Netzwerktyps für monetäre Arbeitsmarkterträge und Ausbildungsadäquatheit / Social Networks and Tertiary Graduates’ Job Search: The Impact of Network Type on Monetary Returns and Job Adequacy

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Weiss ◽  
Markus Klein
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Soziale Netzwerke ◽  
Soziales Kapital ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Network Type

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel untersuchen wir den Einfluss sozialer Netzwerke bei der Jobfindung auf berufliche Erträge von Hochschulabsolventen beim Berufseinstieg in Deutschland. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Studien erweitern wir die Analyse, indem wir zwischen verschiedenen Typen von zur Jobfindung verfügbaren Netzwerken unterscheiden. In Übereinstimmung mit der Literatur, die sich auf den Einfluss von Beziehungskapital per se konzentriert, finden wir in unseren Analysen keine Effekte auf monetäre Erträge. Entgegen der Studie von Franzen & Hangartner (2005, 2006) ergeben sich jedoch in unseren Ergebnissen auch keine positiven Effekte auf die Adäquatheit der Stelle. Jobfindung über soziale Netzwerke erhöht sogar das Risiko einer Überqualifikation. Differenzieren wir soziales Kapital dagegen nach mehreren Arten von Netzwerktypen, z. B. danach ob Kontaktstrukturen durch berufliche Tätigkeiten während des Studiums, vermittelt über Eltern oder durch Freundschaften entstehen, ergibt sich ein vollkommen anderes Bild: Der Einfluss sozialer Netzwerke auf Eigenschaften der Arbeitsstelle unterscheidet sich in erheblichem Maße je nach der Art des Netzwerks und der Art des untersuchten Ertrags. Daraus schließen wir, dass ein homogener Effekt von Sozialkapital auf Arbeitsmarkterträge, insbesondere bei Hochschulabsolventen, nicht ersichtlich ist und folglich Studien aufschlussreicher sind, die sich auf die Wirkung bestimmter Netzwerkarten bzw. -ressourcen fokussieren.

scholarly journals Social networks, accessed and mobilised social capital and the employment status of older workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 356-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaberi Gayen ◽  
Robert Raeside ◽  
Ronald McQuaid
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Older People ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of social networks, and the social capital embedded in them, to secure employment if someone had become unemployed after the age of 50 years and to reveal the process of accessing and mobilising that social capital. Design/methodology/approach A case study of a Scottish labour market was undertaken which involved an interview-based survey of those who became unemployed in their early 50’s and tried to regain employment. The interview had structured and unstructured parts which allowed both quantitative and qualitative analysis to compare those who were successful in regaining work with those who were not. The uniqueness of the paper is the use of social network components while controlling for other socio-economic and demographic variables in job search of older workers. Findings Those older people who were unemployed and, returned to employment (reemployed) had a higher proportion of contacts with higher prestige jobs, their job searching methods were mainly interpersonal and the rate of finding their last job via their social networks was higher than those who remained unemployed. Both groups mobilised social capital (MSC), but those reemployed accessed higher “quality” social capital. “Strong ties”, rather than “weak ties”, were found to be important in accessing and mobilising social capital for the older workers who returned to employment. Research limitations/implications This work is limited to a local labour market and is based on a small but informative sample. However, it does show that policy is required to allow older people to enhance their social networks by strengthening the social capital embedded in the networks. The results support the use of intermediaries as bridges to help compensate for older people who have weak social networks. Besides the policy implications, the paper also has two distinct research implications. First, the use of social network component to the existing literature of older workers’ job search. Second, exploring the type and relational strength with network members to explain older workers’ reemployment. Practical implications The paper illustrates that how accessed and MSC can be measured. Social implications As populations age, this work points to an approach to support older people to re-enter employment and to include them in society. Originality/value The paper extends social network and employment literature to fill gaps on how older people require to both access and mobilise social capital. The importance of “strong ties” in the reemployment of older workers contrasts with much of the literature on younger workers where the “strength of weak ties” so far has been regarded as essential for successful job search. Measures are forwarded to reveal the relevance of social capital. The policy value of the work is in suggesting ways to facilitate older people re-enter or remain in work and hence sustain their well-being.

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