Cognitive Testing of Cognitive Functioning Questions

2010 ◽  
pp. 285-302
Author(s):  
Diane O’Rourke ◽  
Seymour Sudman ◽  
Timothy Johnson ◽  
Jane Burris
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Testing

scholarly journals Relationship between Apgar scores and long-term cognitive outcomes in individuals with Down syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura del Hoyo Soriano ◽  
Tracie C. Rosser ◽  
Debra R. Hamilton ◽  
Danielle J. Harvey ◽  
Leonard Abbeduto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Verbal Comprehension

AbstractThis study examined the contribution of the Apgar score at 1 and 5 min after birth to later cognitive functioning in 168 individuals with Down syndrome who were between 6 and 25 years of age at time of cognitive testing. Our results showed that a lower Apgar score at 1 min was related to a worse performance in later cognitive measures of receptive vocabulary, verbal comprehension and production, visual memory and working memory. Results also showed that a lower Apgar score at 5 min was only related to worse later outcomes of verbal comprehension and production and auditory working memory. Our findings suggest a need for future studies investigating how specific perinatal events reflected in the Apgar score are linked to later cognitive functioning in individuals with Down syndrome.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Test Performance of Cognitively Healthy Centenarians: Normative data from the Dutch 100-plus Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Beker ◽  
Sietske A.M. Sikkes ◽  
Marc Hulsman ◽  
Ben Schmand ◽  
Philip Scheltens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Sensory Impairments ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe population who reaches the extreme age of 100 years is growing. At this age, dementia incidence is high and cognitive functioning is variable and influenced by sensory impairments. Appropriate cognitive testing requires normative data generated specifically for this group. Currently, these are lacking. We set out to generate norms for neuropsychological tests in cognitively healthy centenarians while taking sensory impairments into account.MethodsWe included 235 centenarians (71.5% female) from the 100-plus Study, who self-reported to be cognitively healthy, which was confirmed by an informant and a trained researcher. Normative data were generated for 15 tests that evaluate global cognition, pre-morbid intelligence, attention, language, memory, executive and visuo-spatial functions by multiple linear regressions and/or percentiles. Centenarians with vision and/or hearing impairments were excluded for tests that required these faculties.ResultsSubjects scored on average 25.6±3.1 (range 17-30, interquartile-range 24-28) points on the MMSE. Vision problems and fatigue often complicated the ability to complete tests, and these problems explained 41% and 22% of the missing test scores respectively, whereas hearing problems (4%) and task incomprehension (6%) only rarely did. Sex and age showed a limited association with test performance, whereas educational level was associated with performance on the majority of the tests.ConclusionsNormative data for the centenarian population is provided, while taking age-related sensory impairments into consideration. Results indicate that, next to vision impairments, fatigue and education level should be taken into account when assessing cognitive functioning in centenarians.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of age and inflammation on change in ecologically-assessed cognitive functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 705-706
Author(s):  
Christopher Engeland ◽  
Erik Knight ◽  
Martin Sliwinski ◽  
Jennifer Graham-Engeland
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Inflammation has been implicated as a precursor to steeper declines in age-associated cognitive decline. Here we investigated biomarkers of peripheral inflammation [basal cytokines, stimulated cytokines (ex vivo), C-reactive protein (CRP)] as moderators of age-related changes in cognitive functioning. As part of the Effects of Stress on Cognitive Aging, Physiology, and Emotion (ESCAPE) study, participants (N = 233; 65% female; 63% Black, 25% Hispanic; 25-65 years of age) completed up to four instances of ambulatory cognitive testing per day across two weeks, over three waves of annual assessments. After each 2-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) burst, blood was collected and assayed for inflammatory biomarkers. Performance on spatial working memory (mean Euclidean distance errors), processing speed (mean symbol search reaction time), and working memory (n-back test accuracy) tasks were averaged across all instances within an EMA burst. CRP and age interactively predicted change in spatial working memory (B = 0.003, [0.000, 0.005], t(133.60) = 2.350, p = 0.020) such that higher CRP at older ages (~60 years) was associated with a loss of the expected practice effects across waves; at younger ages, CRP did not relate to change in spatial working memory. In a similar fashion, basal (B = -0.002, [-0.004, -0.000], t(103.26) = -2.399, p = 0.018) and stimulated cytokine levels (B = -0.002, [-0.004, -0.000], t(126.65) = -2.183, p = 0.031) interacted with age to predict change in processing speed across waves. These results indicate that inflammation may be critically associated with changes in cognitive functioning in older mid-life adults.

scholarly journals A-27 APOE & BDNF Polymorphisms Interact to Affect Memory Performance at Baseline in Adolescent Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-623
Author(s):  
V C Merritt ◽  
E Guty ◽  
K Riegler ◽  
M Brewer ◽  
S Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Adolescent ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Although several single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with cognitive functioning in a variety of healthy and clinical samples, the influence of gene x gene interactions on cognition is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine interactive relationships between apolipoprotein E (APOE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms on cognitive functioning in a sample of healthy adolescent athletes. Method Participants of this cross-sectional study included 82 athletes (53.7% male, age, M = 12.85, SD = 1.13) who completed the Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) computerized battery at baseline as part of a school-based sports-concussion management program. Athletes also provided a buccal sample for determination of their APOE and BDNF genotypes. Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to evaluate the effect of APOE (ε4+ vs. ε4-) and BDNF (Met+ vs. Met-) genotypes on the ImPACT cognitive composites. Results ANOVAs showed non-significant main effects for both APOE and BDNF genotypes across the four cognitive composites. However, there was a significant APOE x BDNF genotype interaction for the verbal (p = .01; ηp2 = .08) and visual (p = .013; ηp2 = .08) memory composites, such that ε4+/Met+ carriers demonstrated poorer performance relative to the other allele combinations (ε4+/Met-, ε4−/Met+, ε4−/Met-). No significant interactions were observed for the visual motor speed (p = .20; ηp2 = .02) or reaction time (p = .87; ηp2 < .001) composites. Conclusions Our findings suggest a meaningful relationship between APOE and BDNF genotypes on verbal and visual memory performance in healthy adolescent athletes. These findings will need to be replicated using much larger samples, and future studies will need to explore these associations following sports-related concussion.

Self-reported depression in an older population: Effects on cognitive functioning

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 672-672
Author(s):  
A. Pantzar ◽  
E. Jonsson Laukka ◽  
S. Karlsson ◽  
L. Bäckman ◽  
A.R. Atti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
National Study ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Remitted Depression

IntroductionThe cognitive profile of the older depressed person includes impairments in executive functioning, episodic memory and processing speed. When in remission, executive functioning impairment may still remain. It is not known whether these impairments also exist in self-reported depression and if so, whether there are any performance differences between currently and remitted depression.ObjectivesTo examine differences in cognitive functioning between self-reported nondepressed, depressed, and remitted persons in young and older old.MethodsData were collected using interviews and cognitive testing (executive functioning, episodic memory, and processing speed) in the Swedish National study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). All non-demented participants (n = 2727) were categorized according to age (60–77 years, n = 1626, and +78 years, n = 1101), and depression status, 1) never depressed (n = 2200), 2) current depression (n = 214), and 3) remitted depression (n = 313).ResultsA 2 (age) × 3 (depression) MANOVA showed significant main effects of age, depression and a significant interaction effect. Younger outperformed older on all tests. Depression showed an effect on Trail Making Test B, where nondepressed outperformed currently depressed, and the remitted outperformed the currently depressed on free recall. Furthermore, an interaction effect was found for recognition, suggesting that decline in episodic memory is more pronounced in persons with self-reported depression when aging.ConclusionsSelf-reported depression in an older population affects executive functioning and episodic memory, but not processing speed. For persons in remission, we found remaining deficits in episodic memory, rather than executive functioning.

Neuropsychological Assessment of the Aging Physician: A Review & Commentary

2021 ◽  
pp. 089198872110160
Author(s):  
Charles E. Gaudet ◽  
Victor A. Del Bene
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Test Interpretation ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Fitness For Duty

Late-career physicians (LCPs) are at risk for cognitive changes that may affect their ability to practice medicine. This review aggregates and discusses research that has examined cognitive functioning among physicians, typically when clinically referred for various medical and psychological reasons that may interfere with their ability to practice medicine. Special consideration is devoted to the role of approaches for examining cognitive functioning (e.g., cognitive screening, cognitive testing, & neuropsychological assessment), normative challenges, and cultural factors that should be considered when evaluating a physician. Based on published studies, there is evidence supportive of the use of cognitive testing and neuropsychological assessment among physicians in a fitness for duty setting. However, prospective studies designed to identify physicians at-risk (i.e., to prevent medical error) are lacking. Additional research is warranted to establish physician-based normative reference groups and aid in test interpretation and prognostication. Moreover, given limitations associated with cognitive testing in isolation, there is a potential role for comprehensive neuropsychological assessment to identify cognitive changes in physicians and provide a supportive pathway to preserve physicians’ ability to practice medicine.

scholarly journals The Influence of Atypical Sleep Before Baseline Concussion Testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-853
Author(s):  
K Riegler ◽  
P Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Memory And Attention

Abstract Objective To examine the role of an atypical night of sleep prior to baseline neuropsychological testing on symptom reporting and cognitive functioning in student-athletes. Method 182 (M = 138, F = 44) athletes were assessed on neuropsychological battery at baseline. Athletes were categorized as sleeping a typical amount (within 1.5 hours, N = 128) or less (> 1.5 hours less, N = 54) the night prior to baseline. The Cognitive Health Questionnaire (CHQ) assessed typical levels of sleep and the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) assessed hours of sleep the night before. Independent samples t-tests compared the two groups on the following outcome measures: affective, somatic, sleep, and cognitive post-concussion symptom scale (PCSS) clusters, headache, Beck-Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS), and composites of memory and attention/processing speed. Results Athletes getting less sleep than typical the night before a baseline assessment reported significantly more depression symptoms on the BDI-FS (p < .001) and significantly more symptoms on all PCSS symptoms scales: affective (p < .001), cognitive (p < .001), physical (p < .001), and sleep (p = .001). A trend in the same direction was present for headache (p = .06). The groups did not significantly differ on performance on either composite of cognitive functioning (p > .05). Conclusions Sleeping less than the typical amount the night before a baseline assessment results in self-reported higher levels of depression symptoms across all domains of the PCSS.

scholarly journals MIND Diet, Common Brain Pathologies, and Cognition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Klodian Dhana ◽  
Bryan D. James ◽  
Puja Agarwal ◽  
Neelum T. Aggarwal ◽  
Laurel J. Cherian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Postmortem Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Mind Diet

Background: MIND diet, a hybrid of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, is associated with a slower cognitive decline and lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia in older adults. Objective: We aim to examine whether the association of the MIND diet with cognition is independent of common brain pathologies. Methods: Utilizing data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), a longitudinal clinical-pathologic study, we studied 569 decedents with valid dietary data, cognitive testing proximate to death, and complete autopsy data at the time of these analyses. A series of regression analyses were used to examine associations of the MIND diet, dementia-related brain pathologies, and global cognition proximate to death adjusting for age, sex, education, APOE ɛ4, late-life cognitive activities, and total energy intake. Results: A higher MIND diet score was associated with better global cognitive functioning proximate to death (β= 0.119, SE = 0.040, p = 0.003), and neither the strength nor the significance of association changed substantially when AD pathology and other brain pathologies were included in the model. The β-estimate after controlling for global AD pathology was 0.111 (SE = 0.037, p = 0.003). The MIND diet-cognition relationship remained significant when we restricted our analysis to individuals without mild cognitive impairment at the baseline (β= 0.121, SE = 0.042, p = 0.005) or in people diagnosed with postmortem diagnosis of AD based on NIA-Reagan consensus recommendations (β= 0.114, SE = 0.050, p = 0.023). Conclusion: MIND diet is associated with better cognitive functioning independently of common brain pathology, suggesting that the MIND diet may contribute to cognitive resilience in the elderly.

Cognitive Functioning in Adults with Williams Syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Howlin ◽  
Mark Davies ◽  
Orlee Udwin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Williams Syndrome
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