Self-reported depression in an older population: Effects on cognitive functioning

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 672-672
Author(s):  
A. Pantzar ◽  
E. Jonsson Laukka ◽  
S. Karlsson ◽  
L. Bäckman ◽  
A.R. Atti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
National Study ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Remitted Depression

IntroductionThe cognitive profile of the older depressed person includes impairments in executive functioning, episodic memory and processing speed. When in remission, executive functioning impairment may still remain. It is not known whether these impairments also exist in self-reported depression and if so, whether there are any performance differences between currently and remitted depression.ObjectivesTo examine differences in cognitive functioning between self-reported nondepressed, depressed, and remitted persons in young and older old.MethodsData were collected using interviews and cognitive testing (executive functioning, episodic memory, and processing speed) in the Swedish National study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). All non-demented participants (n = 2727) were categorized according to age (60–77 years, n = 1626, and +78 years, n = 1101), and depression status, 1) never depressed (n = 2200), 2) current depression (n = 214), and 3) remitted depression (n = 313).ResultsA 2 (age) × 3 (depression) MANOVA showed significant main effects of age, depression and a significant interaction effect. Younger outperformed older on all tests. Depression showed an effect on Trail Making Test B, where nondepressed outperformed currently depressed, and the remitted outperformed the currently depressed on free recall. Furthermore, an interaction effect was found for recognition, suggesting that decline in episodic memory is more pronounced in persons with self-reported depression when aging.ConclusionsSelf-reported depression in an older population affects executive functioning and episodic memory, but not processing speed. For persons in remission, we found remaining deficits in episodic memory, rather than executive functioning.

scholarly journals Do Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease Explain Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Old Age?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Maria van Zutphen ◽  
Judith Johanna Maria Rijnhart ◽  
Didericke Rhebergen ◽  
Majon Muller ◽  
Martijn Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Information Processing Speed

Background: Sex differences in cognitive functioning in old age are known to exist yet are still poorly understood. Objective: This study examines to what extent differences in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease between men and women explain sex differences in cognitive functioning. Methods: Data from 2,724 older adults from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used. Information processing speed and episodic memory, measured three times during six years of follow-up, served as outcomes. The mediating role of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease was examined in single and multiple mediator models. Determinant-mediator effects were estimated using linear or logistic regression, and determinant-outcome and mediator-outcome effects were estimated using linear mixed models. Indirect effects were estimated using the product-of-coefficients estimator. Results: Women scored 1.58 points higher on information processing speed and 1.53 points higher on episodic memory. Several cardiovascular risk factors had small mediating effects. The sex difference in information processing speed was mediated by smoking, depressive symptoms, obesity, and systolic blood pressure. The sex difference in episodic memory was mediated by smoking, physical activity, and depressive symptoms. Effects of smoking, LDL cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus on information processing speed differed between men and women. Conclusion: Differences in cardiovascular risk factors between women and men partially explained why women had better cognitive functioning. A healthy cardiovascular lifestyle seems beneficial for cognition and sex-specific strategies may be important to preserve cognitive functioning at older age.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AMONG BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS AND NON-CANCER PARTICIPANTS: EVIDENCE FOR SIMILARITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S649-S650
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Pasquini ◽  
Brent J Small ◽  
Jacqueline Mogle ◽  
Martin Sliwinski ◽  
Stacey B Scott
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Breast cancer survivors may experience accelerated decline in cognitive functioning compared to same-aged peers with no cancer history (Small et al., 2015). Survivors may show important differences in mean-level performance or variability in cognitive functioning compared to those without a history of cancer (Yao et al., 2016). This study compared ambulatory cognitive functioning in a sample of breast cancer survivors and an age-matched community sample without a history of cancer (n_cancer=47, n_non-cancer=105, age range: 40-64 years, M=52.13 years). Participants completed three cognitive tasks measuring working memory, executive functioning, and processing speed up to five times per day for 14 days. Results indicated no mean-level differences in cognitive performance on the three tasks between cancer survivors and those without cancer history (p’s>.05). Unexpectedly, women without cancer history showed more variability than survivors on working memory but not on the other two tasks. Across both groups, those without a college education performed worse on executive functioning (B=-0.05, SE=0.03, p<.05) and working memory (B=0.94, SE=0.36, p<.05) compared to those that completed college. Additionally, older age was associated with slower processing speed (B=31.67, SE=7.44, p<.001). In sum, this study did not find mean-level group differences in cognitive functioning between cancer survivors and age-matched women without a history of cancer. Contrary to hypotheses, those without a history of cancer were more variable on working memory. Results suggested similarities in cognitive functioning in the two samples and that education and age are important predictors of cognitive functioning independent of cancer history.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of age and inflammation on change in ecologically-assessed cognitive functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 705-706
Author(s):  
Christopher Engeland ◽  
Erik Knight ◽  
Martin Sliwinski ◽  
Jennifer Graham-Engeland
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Inflammation has been implicated as a precursor to steeper declines in age-associated cognitive decline. Here we investigated biomarkers of peripheral inflammation [basal cytokines, stimulated cytokines (ex vivo), C-reactive protein (CRP)] as moderators of age-related changes in cognitive functioning. As part of the Effects of Stress on Cognitive Aging, Physiology, and Emotion (ESCAPE) study, participants (N = 233; 65% female; 63% Black, 25% Hispanic; 25-65 years of age) completed up to four instances of ambulatory cognitive testing per day across two weeks, over three waves of annual assessments. After each 2-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) burst, blood was collected and assayed for inflammatory biomarkers. Performance on spatial working memory (mean Euclidean distance errors), processing speed (mean symbol search reaction time), and working memory (n-back test accuracy) tasks were averaged across all instances within an EMA burst. CRP and age interactively predicted change in spatial working memory (B = 0.003, [0.000, 0.005], t(133.60) = 2.350, p = 0.020) such that higher CRP at older ages (~60 years) was associated with a loss of the expected practice effects across waves; at younger ages, CRP did not relate to change in spatial working memory. In a similar fashion, basal (B = -0.002, [-0.004, -0.000], t(103.26) = -2.399, p = 0.018) and stimulated cytokine levels (B = -0.002, [-0.004, -0.000], t(126.65) = -2.183, p = 0.031) interacted with age to predict change in processing speed across waves. These results indicate that inflammation may be critically associated with changes in cognitive functioning in older mid-life adults.

scholarly journals QOL-18. A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF NEUROCOGNITION IN CHILDREN TREATED FOR A BRAIN TUMOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii434-iii434
Author(s):  
Jurgen Lemiere ◽  
Linde Van den Wyngaert ◽  
Josefien Vandereydt ◽  
Karen Vandenabeele ◽  
Trui Vercruysse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Craniospinal Irradiation ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions

Abstract It is well known that neurocognition in children treated for a brain tumor can be affected. However, studies on the trajectory of these neurocognitive problems are scarce. In the present study we investigated the evolution of neurocognition between timepoints of diagnosis, 2, 4 and 6 years later. A total of 53 children diagnosed with a brain tumor were recruited in this study, of which all completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery at three successive timepoints and 30 at 4 timepoints. The first assessment was conducted as soon as possible after diagnosis and before initiation of chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Mean age at diagnosis was 8.06 years. The most common diagnoses were pilocytic astrocytoma (n=28) and medulloblastoma (n=10). 24.5% and 18.9% of these patient groups received focal or craniospinal irradiation, respectively. A repeated measures analysis with cranial irradiation (no, focal, craniospinal) as between-subjects factor demonstrated a significant interaction effect between time and type of irradiation for overall intelligence (p=0.02) for children with three assessments. The same interaction effect was found for overall intelligence and processing speed for children with four assessments (p=.005 and p=.002, respectively). The group who received craniospinal irradiation demonstrated the most pronounced decline. Interestingly, no main time effect or interaction effect was found for general memory functioning. Our results demonstrate that not all neurocognitive functions in children treated for a brain tumor decline after treatment. Overall IQ and processing speed are the most vulnerable outcomes in our cohort, especially for the children treated with craniospinal irradiation.

scholarly journals Mild Motor Signs Matter in Typical Brain Aging: The Value of the UPDRS Score Within a Functionally Intact Cohort of Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Zitser ◽  
Kaitlin B. Casaletto ◽  
Adam M. Staffaroni ◽  
Claire Sexton ◽  
Sophia Weiner-Light ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Over Time

Objectives: To characterize the clinical correlates of subclinical Parkinsonian signs, including longitudinal cognitive and neural (via functional connectivity) outcomes, among functionally normal older adults.Methods: Participants included 737 functionally intact community-dwelling older adults who performed prospective comprehensive evaluations at ~15-months intervals for an average of 4.8 years (standard deviation 3.2 years). As part of these evaluations, participants completed the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) longitudinally and measures of processing speed, executive functioning and verbal episodic memory. T1-weighted structural scans and task-free functional MRI scans were acquired on 330 participants. We conducted linear mixed-effects models to determine the relationship between changes in UPDRS with cognitive and neural changes, using age, sex, and education as covariates.Results: Cognitive outcomes were processing speed, executive functioning, and episodic memory. Greater within-person increases in UPDRS were associated with more cognitive slowing over time. Although higher average UPDRS scores were significantly associated with overall poorer executive functions, there was no association between UPDRS and executive functioning longitudinally. UPDRS scores did not significantly relate to longitudinal memory performances. Regarding neural correlates, greater increases in UPDRS scores were associated with reduced intra-subcortical network connectivity over time. There were no relationships with intra-frontoparietal or inter-subcortical-frontoparietal connectivity.Conclusions: Our findings add to the aging literature by indicating that mild motor changes are negatively associated with cognition and network connectivity in functionally intact adults.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations Between Contact Frequency with Friends and with Family, Activity Engagement, and Cognitive Functioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neika Sharifian ◽  
A. Zarina Kraal ◽  
Afsara B. Zaheed ◽  
Ketlyne Sol ◽  
Laura B. Zahodne
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Family Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

AbstractObjectives:Social engagement may be an important protective resource for cognitive aging. Some evidence suggests that time spent with friends may be more beneficial for cognition than time spent with family. Because maintaining friendships has been demonstrated to require more active maintenance and engagement in shared activities, activity engagement may be one underlying pathway that explains the distinct associations between contact frequency with friends versus family and cognition.Methods:Using two waves of data from the national survey of Midlife in the United States (n = 3707, Mage = 55.80, 51% female at baseline), we examined longitudinal associations between contact frequency with friends and family, activity engagement (cognitive and physical activities), and cognition (episodic memory and executive functioning) to determine whether activity engagement mediates the relationship between contact frequency and cognition.Results:The longitudinal mediation model revealed that more frequent contact with friends, but not family, was associated with greater concurrent engagement in physical and cognitive activities, which were both associated with better episodic memory and executive functioning.Conclusion:These findings suggest that time spent with friends may promote both cognitively and physically stimulating activities that could help to preserve not only these social relationships but also cognitive functioning.

Neuropsychological Profiles of Patients with Progressive Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Angelina J. Polsinelli ◽  
Mary M. Machulda ◽  
Peter R. Martin ◽  
Joseph R. Duffy ◽  
Heather M. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Visuospatial Ability ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Trail Making

Abstract Objective: To characterize and compare the neuropsychological profiles of patients with primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) and apraxia of speech with progressive agrammatic aphasia (AOS-PAA). Method: Thirty-nine patients with PPAOS and 49 patients with AOS-PAA underwent formal neurological, speech, language, and neuropsychological evaluations. Cognitive domains assessed included immediate and delayed episodic memory (Wechsler Memory Scale-Third edition; Logical Memory; Visual Reproduction; Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), processing speed (Trail Making Test A), executive functioning (Trail Making Test B; Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning Scale – Sorting), and visuospatial ability (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure copy). Results: The PPAOS patients were cognitively average or higher in the domains of immediate and delayed episodic memory, processing speed, executive functioning, and visuospatial ability. Patients with AOS-PAA performed more poorly on tests of immediate and delayed episodic memory and executive functioning compared to those with PPAOS. For every 1 unit increase in aphasia severity (e.g. mild to moderate), performance declined by 1/3 to 1/2 a standard deviation depending on cognitive domain. The degree of decline was stronger within the more verbally mediated domains, but was also notable in less verbally mediated domains. Conclusion: The study provides neuropsychological evidence further supporting the distinction of PPAOS from primary progressive aphasia and should be used to inform future diagnostic criteria. More immediately, it informs prognostication and treatment planning.

scholarly journals The relation of depression with structural brain abnormalities and cognitive functioning: the Maastricht study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anouk F. J. Geraets ◽  
Miranda T. Schram ◽  
Jacobus F. A. Jansen ◽  
Annemarie Koster ◽  
Pieter C. Dagnelie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Information Processing Speed

Abstract Background Individuals with depression often experience widespread and persistent cognitive deficits, which might be due to brain atrophy and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). We therefore studied the associations between depression, markers of brain atrophy and CSVD, and cognitive functioning. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the population-based Maastricht study (n = 4734; mean age 59.1 ± 8.6 years, 50.2% women), which focuses on type 2 diabetes. A current episode of major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 151) was assessed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Volumes of cerebral spinal fluid, white matter, gray matter and white matter hyperintensities, presence of lacunar infarcts and cerebral microbleeds, and total CSVD burden were assessed by 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses tested the associations between MDD, brain markers and cognitive functioning in memory, information processing speed, and executive functioning & attention, and presence of cognitive impairment. Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation. Results In fully adjusted models, MDD was associated with lower scores in information processing speed [mean difference = −0.18(−0.28;−0.08)], executive functioning & attention [mean difference = −0.13(−0.25;−0.02)], and with higher odds of cognitive impairment [odds ratio (OR) = 1.60(1.06;2.40)]. MDD was associated with CSVD in participants without type 2 diabetes [OR = 1.65(1.06;2.56)], but CSVD or other markers of brain atrophy or CSVD did not mediate the association with cognitive functioning. Conclusions MDD is associated with more impaired information processing speed and executive functioning & attention, and overall cognitive impairment. Furthermore, MDD was associated with CSVD in participants without type 2 diabetes, but this association did not explain an impaired cognitive profile.

APOE ε4 Genotype and Cognitive Reserve Effects on the Cognitive Functioning of Healthy Elders

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 328-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Eugenia López ◽  
Agustín Turrero ◽  
María Luisa Delgado ◽  
Inmaculada Concepción Rodríguez-Rojo ◽  
Juan Arrazola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
High Group ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
And Control ◽  
State Examination

Aim: To test the association between cognitive performance and APOE genotype, and to assess potential modifications of this association by sociodemographic and neuroanatomical factors in a sample of 74 healthy elders. Methods: Firstly, we explored the isolated role of the APOE ɛ4 genotype (i.e., APOE4) in different neuropsychological tests, and then the effects of its interaction with sociodemographic (i.e., age, gender, and educational level) and neuroanatomical (i.e., hippocampal volumes) variables. Subsequently, we performed the same analyses after dividing the sample into two subgroups according to their Mini-Mental State Examination scores (control-high group ≥29 and control-low group < 29). Results: In the whole group, APOE4 carriers exhibited a significantly poorer execution in several cognitive domains including global cognitive functioning, episodic memory, verbal fluency, and naming. This effect was more noticeable in older and less educated subjects. The separated analyses revealed that APOE4 carriers in the control-low group exhibited lower scores in global cognitive functioning and episodic memory, while no effects were observed in the control-high group. Neither gender nor hippocampal volumes showed a significant interaction effect with APOE genotype. Conclusions: Current results point out that APOE4 genotype influences healthy aged cognition, although factors such age or educational attainment seem to modulate its effects.

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