TABLE 1.2 Percentage cover of main vegetation types in the continents and in the four countries with the largest populations

2003 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Percentage Cover

scholarly journals The flora and vegetation of an old solvay process tip in Jaworzno (Upper Silesia, Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E V. J. Cohn ◽  
B. Tokarska-Guzik ◽  
L. C. Trueman ◽  
G. Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Solvay Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Future Loss

This paper demonstrates the flora, plant communities and substrates of an old solvay process spoil tip in Upper Silesia, Poland. In an area of 15 000 m<sup>2</sup> there are growing 136 vascular plant species. The flora is characterised by the preponderance of Asteraceae - species and long-lived perennial herbs, many of them coming from meadows and grasslands. Ninety-five percent of species are apophytes despite the anthropogenic origin of the site. A majority of species are associated with moderately dry, base-rich soils with low or moderate levels of nitrogen. The site is shown to be an important refuge for some protected species, montane species and other elements uncommon in the local flora. An analysis of a series of samples used a methodology based on the assessment of percentage cover of particular species and multivariate analysis based on TWINSPAN. Both suggested a relatively high overall similarity between the samples with minor variations associated with moister substrates.Elemental analysis and pH determinations of soil samples associated with the relevés revealed a narrow range of pH and an absence of any strong concentrations of heavy metals. A redundancy analysis of the soil-plant relationships suggested that the strongest trend of differentiation was most closely associated with a phosphate gradient, and the next strongest was pH and possibly waterlogging. The most species-rich vegetation was associated with low phosphate and high pH levels. The results could be interpreted to suggest that processes of soil development and plant succession are slow but nevertheless perceptible, with implications for future loss of diversity. The vegetation constitutes an assemblage essentially of one type showing only weak relationships with described vegetation types such as <em>Molinio-Arrhenatheretea</em> meadow, <em>Festuco-Brometea</em> grassland and <em>Caricetalia davallianae</em> mire. The results also suggest that the vegetation of the site is of considerable value for nature conservation. The site should be protected and be the subject of further research.

scholarly journals Changing status of Blysmus compressus (Flat Sedge) in the Sefton Coast sand-dunes, north Merseyside, UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Philip H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Vegetation Classification ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Dune Slacks ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
National Vegetation Classification ◽  
Poor Management

A 2018 survey of the nationally ‘Vulnerable’ Blysmus compressus (Flat-sedge) in the Sefton Coast sand-dunes, north Merseyside (v.c.59, South Lancashire), aimed to update information collected on distribution and habitats a decade earlier. As in 2008, the plant was mainly found in calcareous dune-slacks of recent origin, with short, open, species-rich vegetation on gley soils with a relatively high pH. Sites with a lower sward height supported a higher percentage cover of B. compressus. The largest populations were associated with sites that had been disturbed by recreational trampling, occasional vehicle use and/or grazing, especially by rabbits. Twenty-two sites were recorded, seven being new. Overall, the area occupied by B. compressus declined by 17%, two 2008 sites being lost. Similarly, an estimate of 15-20,000 plants in the earlier survey fell to 12,600. Losses were attributed to vegetation overgrowth and scrub development, partly resulting from lower rabbit numbers and reduced management input. The plant occurred in a range of vegetation types but matches to known UK National Vegetation Classification communities were generally poor. Management methods to conserve B. compressus and other vulnerable taxa are discussed.

A New Species of Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia (Myrtaceae, Myrteae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
Karinne Sampaio Valdemarin ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
Fiorella Fernanda Mazine ◽  
Vinicius Castro Souza
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A new species of Eugenia from the Atlantic forest of Brazil is described and illustrated. Eugenia flavicarpa is restricted to the Floresta de Tabuleiro (lowland forests) of Espírito Santo state and is nested in Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia. Considering all other species of the subgenus that occur in forest vegetation types of the Atlantic forest phytogeographic domain, Eugenia flavicarpa can be distinguished mainly by the combination of smooth leaves with indumentum on both surfaces, with two marginal veins, usually ramiflorous inflorescences, pedicels 4.5‐9.7 mm long, flower buds 3.5‐4 mm in diameter, and by the calyx lobes that are 2‐3 mm long with rounded to obtuse apices. Morphological analyses were performed to explore the significance of quantitative diagnostic features between the new species and the closely related species, Eugenia farneyi. Notes on the habitat, distribution, phenology, and conservation status of Eugenia flavicarpa are provided, as well as a key for all species of Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia from forest vegetation of the Atlantic forest phytogeographic domain.

scholarly journals Laboratory model test study of the hydrological effect on granite residual soil slopes considering different vegetation types

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Xue-wen Lei ◽  
Han-lin Zhang ◽  
Zhi Lin ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Granite Residual Soil ◽  
Stem Leaf

AbstractThe problems caused by the interaction between slopes and hydrologic environment in traffic civil engineering are very serious in the granite residual soil area of China, especially in Guangdong Province. Against the background of two heavy rainfall events occurring during a short period due to a typhoon making landfall twice or even two typhoons consecutively making landfall, laboratory model tests were carried out on the hydrological effects of the granite residual soil slope considering three vegetation types under artificial rainfall. The variation in slope surface runoff, soil moisture content and rain seepage over time was recorded during the tests. The results indicate that surface vegetation first effectively reduces the splash erosion impact of rainwater on slopes and then influences the slope hydrological effect through rainwater forms adjustment. (1) The exposed slope has weak resistance to two consecutive heavy rains, the degree of slope scouring and soil erosion damage will increase greatly during the second rainfall. (2) The multiple hindrances of the stem leaf of Zoysia japonica plays a leading role in regulating the hydrological effect of slope, the root system has little effect on the permeability and water storage capacity of slope soil, but improves the erosion resistance of it. (3) Both the stem leaf and root system of Nephrolepis cordifolia have important roles on the hydrological effect. The stem leaf can stabilize the infiltration of rainwater, and successfully inhibit the surface runoff under continuous secondary heavy rainfall. The root system significantly enhances the water storage capacity of the slope, and greatly increases the permeability of the slope soil in the second rainfall, which is totally different from that of the exposed and Zoysia japonica slopes. (4) Zoysia is a suitable vegetation species in terms of slope protection because of its comprehensive slope protection effect. Nephrolepis cordifolia should be cautiously planted as slope protection vegetation. Only on slopes with no stability issues should Nephrolepis cordifolia be considered to preserve soil and water.

scholarly journals Natural Protected Areas as Providers of Ecological Connectivity in the Landscape: The Case of the Iberian Lynx

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Iván Barbero-Bermejo ◽  
Gabriela Crespo-Luengo ◽  
Ricardo Enrique Hernández-Lambraño ◽  
David Rodríguez de la Cruz ◽  
José Ángel Sánchez-Agudo
Keyword(s):  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Iberian Lynx ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Ecological Connectivity ◽  
Historical Distribution ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Conservation Plans

The design of conservation plans for the improvement of habitats of threatened species constitutes one of the most plausible possibilities of intervention in the structure and composition of the landscape of a large territory. In this work we focus on the Iberian lynx in order to establish potential ecological corridors using ecoinformatic tools from the GIS environment to improve connectivity between the existing natural spaces within the scope of its historical distribution. We processed 669 records of the presence of the lynx and six predictor variables linked to the habitat of the species. With this, corridors have been generated between natural areas. The determination of possible bottlenecks or dangerous areas (e.g., hitches on highways) allows for focusing efforts on their conservation. This type of approach seeks to improve efficiency in the design of measures aimed at expanding the territory’s capacity to host its populations, improving both its viability and that of all the other species that are linked to it. The proposals for action on the specific areas defined by the models elaborated in this work would imply interventions on the land uses and existing vegetation types in order to improve connectivity throughout the territory and increase the resilience of its ecosystems.

Understanding how environmental heterogeneity and elevation drives the distribution of woody communities across vegetation types within the campo rupestre in South America

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1192-1207
Author(s):  
Marcelo Leandro Bueno ◽  
Vanessa Leite Rezende ◽  
Luiza Fonseca A. De Paula ◽  
João Augusto Alves Meira-Neto ◽  
José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Vegetation Types

scholarly journals Soil moisture responses under different vegetation types to winter rainfall events in a humid karst region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Yan ◽  
Qiuwen Zhou ◽  
Dawei Peng ◽  
Xiaocha Wei ◽  
Xin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events

scholarly journals A reconstruction of the recent fire regimes of Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi, using remote sensing

Fire Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem A. Nieman ◽  
Brian W. van Wilgen ◽  
Alison J. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Local Evidence ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

Abstract Background Fire is an important process that shapes the structure and functioning of African savanna ecosystems, and managers of savanna protected areas use fire to achieve ecosystem goals. Developing appropriate fire management policies should be based on an understanding of the determinants, features, and effects of prevailing fire regimes, but this information is rarely available. In this study, we report on the use of remote sensing to develop a spatially explicit dataset on past fire regimes in Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi, between 2001 and 2019. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images were used to evaluate the recent fire regime for two distinct vegetation types in Majete Wildlife Reserve, namely savanna and miombo. Additionally, a comparison was made between MODIS and Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) images by separately evaluating selected aspects of the fire regime between 2012 and 2019. Results Mean fire return intervals were four and six years for miombo and savanna vegetation, respectively, but the distribution of fire return intervals was skewed, with a large proportion of the area burning annually or biennially, and a smaller proportion experiencing much longer fire return intervals. Variation in inter-annual rainfall also resulted in longer fire return intervals during cycles of below-average rainfall. Fires were concentrated in the hot-dry season despite a management intent to restrict burning to the cool-dry season. Mean fire intensities were generally low, but many individual fires had intensities of 14 to 18 times higher than the mean, especially in the hot-dry season. The VIIRS sensors detected many fires that were overlooked by the MODIS sensors, as images were collected at a finer scale. Conclusions Remote sensing has provided a useful basis for reconstructing the recent fire regime of Majete Wildlife Reserve, and has highlighted a current mismatch between intended fire management goals and actual trends. Managers should re-evaluate fire policies based on our findings, setting clearly defined targets for the different vegetation types and introducing flexibility to accommodate natural variation in rainfall cycles. Local evidence of the links between fires and ecological outcomes will require further research to improve fire planning.

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