The Scope and Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence

2013 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the pathophysiology of adolescent suicidal behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Sher
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Adolescent suicide research has mostly focused on demographic risk factors. Such studies focus on who is at risk, but do not explain why certain adolescents are at risk for suicide. Studies of the neurobiology of adolescent suicide could clarify why some youths are more suicidal than others and help to find biological markers of suicidal behavior in teenagers. Over the past decade the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior has attracted significant attention of scientists. BDNF is involved in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders associated with suicidal behavior including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. BDNF dysregulation could be associated with increased suicidality independently of psychiatric diagnoses. BDNF plays an important role in the regulation and growth of neurons during childhood and adolescence. Prominent among the brain regions undergoing developmental change during adolescence are stressor-sensitive areas. The serotonin dysfunction found in adolescent and adult suicidal behavior could be related to the low level of BDNF, which impedes the normal development of serotonin neurons during brain development. BDNF dysfunction could play a more significant role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior in adolescents than in adults. Treatment-induced enhancement in the BDNF function could reduce suicidal behavior secondary to the improvement in psychiatric pathology or independently of improvement in psychiatric disorders. It is interesting to hypothesize that BDNF could be a biological marker of suicidal behavior in adolescents or in certain adolescent populations.

scholarly journals Familial and neighborhood effects on psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 66-67 ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Xinjun Li ◽  
Henrik Ohlsson ◽  
Maria Råstam ◽  
Marilyn Winkleby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

scholarly journals IN THIS ISSUE

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Changes

This issue features papers using functional imaging in psychiatric disorders linked with neuropsychology to explore underlying brain systems, together with other neuropsychological papers, and a related Invited Review by Nelson et al. (pp. 163–174) on neural changes which may underlie the developmental social changes of adolescence. Three papers deal with psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Two further papers report studies of suicidal behaviours and of depression. An additional paper from Barrett et al. (pp. 281–293) describes the prevalence and features of schizophrenia in an unusual cultural population isolate, the Iban of Sarawak.

scholarly journals Mental and Behavioural Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Shyamanta Das ◽  
Soumitra Ghosh ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Bhuyan ◽  
Hiranya Saikia ◽  
Hiranya Kumar Goswami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Disorder Type

Background: There is overlap of symptoms in psychiatric disorders, especially in mental and behavioural disorders of childhood and adolescence. Half of all lifetime psychiatric disorders tend to arise by age 14 years and three fourths of them arise by age 24 years. Aim: To study the various types of mental and behavioural disorders of childhood and adolescence, and to find out comorbidities within and across the types. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of one year in the psychiatry department of a tertiary care general hospital. The psychiatric diagnoses according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Health and Related Problems (ICD-10) were categorised into type 1 (depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and somatoform disorder), type 2 (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder), type 3 (mental retardation, developmental disorders of speech and language, and scholastic skills, and pervasive developmental disorders). Descriptive statistics was used with frequency and percentage. Results: Total sample size was 137. Children and adolescents were almost equally distributed. Boys were more than girls. Type 3 disorders were maximum. Adolescents had mostly type 1 disorders. Children had mostly type 3 disorders. Girls had almost same number of type 1 and type 3 disorders. Boys had mostly type 3 disorders. Within group comorbidity was mostly with type 3 disorders. Across group comorbidity was highest in type2-type 3 disorders. Conclusion: Mental and behavioural disorders in childhood and adolescence do vary according to age and sex, and their recognition will help in the early diagnosis and proper management.

scholarly journals Developmental Computational Psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias U. Hauser ◽  
Geert-Jan Will ◽  
Magda Dubois ◽  
Raymond J Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Computational Psychiatry ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

Most psychiatric disorders emerge during childhood and adolescence. This is also a period when the brain undergoes substantial growth and reorganisation. However, it remains unclear how a heightened vulnerability to psychiatric disorder relates to brain maturation, and what the underlying mechanisms might be. Here, we propose ‘developmental computational psychiatry’ as a framework for linking brain maturation to cognitive development. We propose that through modelling some of the brain’s fundamental cognitive computations and relating them to brain development, we can bridge the gap between brain and cognitive development. This in turn can lead to a richer understanding of the ontogeny of psychiatric disorders. We illustrate this perspective by taking examples from reinforcement learning (RL) and dopamine function, showing how computational modelling deepens an understanding of how cognitive processes, such as reward learning, effort learning, and social evaluation might go awry in psychiatric disorders. Finally, we formulate testable hypotheses and sketch the potential and limitations of developmental computational psychiatry.

scholarly journals Patients with psychiatric disorders from a Psychosocial Attention Center

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ana Márcia Tenório de Souza Cavalcanti ◽  
Cândida Maria Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Ednaldo Cavalcante De Araújo ◽  
Antônia Maria da Silva Santos ◽  
Elaine Lima da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Violencia Domestica ◽  
City State ◽  
Keywords Domestic Violence

RESUMOEstudo exploratório e descritivo realizado em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS transtorno) da cidade de Recife, com o objetivo de identificar a prevalência de usuários deste serviço que relataram história de maus tratos sofridos durante a infância e/ou adolescência. A população foi composta por 702 usuários de um CAPS transtorno adstrito no Distrito Sanitário III, com a amostra constituída por 375 indivíduos, que realizaram tratamento no respectivo serviço psiquiátrico nos anos de 2003 a 2005. Os resultados evidenciaram uma prevalência de 14,66% de casos de maus tratos durante esta época da vida, nos quais se relacionou pelo menos um dos itens pesquisados, quais sejam casos de violência física, emocional, negligência, abuso sexual, além de combinações variadas desses tipos de violência. Palavras-chave: Violência doméstica; Infância; Adolescente; Transtornos psiquiátricosABSTRACTExploratory and descriptive study in a quantitative approach, conducted through in a Psychosocial Attention Center for individuals in Psychiatric suffering  (CAPS disorders), in the Recife city, state of Pernambuco, aiming at identifying, among the users, those who referred stories of maltreatment during their infancy and/or adolescence. The population was 702 users from one CAPS, from the city’s Sanitary District III, and the sample consisted of 375 individuals, that had been through treatment in the respective psychiatric service from 2003 to 2005. The results showed the maltreatment cases prevalence of 14,66% during childhood and adolescence, relating at least one of items searched, which are cases of physical, emotional violence, recklessness, sexual abuse, and combinations of these types of violence. Keywords: Domestic violence; Child; Adolescent; Psychiatric disordersRESUMENEstudio exploratorio y descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, conducido en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial para los individuos en el sufrimiento psiquiátrico (CAPS desórdenes), en la ciudad de Recife, estado de Pernambuco, teniendo como objetivo identificar, entre  los  usuarios,  los  que refirieron historias del maltrato durante su infancia y/o adolescencia. La población era 702 usuarios de uno CAPS, del Districto Sanitario III, y la muestra consistió en 375 individuos, que habían estado con el tratamiento en el respectivo servicio psiquiátrico, a partir de 2003 a 2005. Los resultados demostraron el predominio de los casos del maltrato de 14.66% durante niñez y adolescencia, relacionando por lo menos uno de los artículos buscados, que son casos de la violencia física, emocional, de negligencias, de abuso sexual, y de las combinaciones de estos tipos de violencia. Palabras clave: Violencia doméstica; Niño; Adolescente; Desórdenes psiquiátricos.   

The Impact of Recent Undesirable Life Events on Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Goodyer ◽  
I. Kolvin ◽  
Sonia Gatzanis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Multiple Events ◽  
The Impact

The timing and number of recent stressful life events occurring in the year before onset of emotional or behavioural disorder was examined in a consecutive sample of children. Overall, events increase the relative risk of psychiatric disorder by 3–6 times. Events occur throughout the 12 months, but tend to cluster in the 16 weeks nearest onset of symptoms. The number of events influences the onset of disorder: cases with multiple events are more likely to have an event within 16 weeks of onset; cases with single events are more likely to have the event 36–52 weeks before onset. Cases whose onset occurs within 4 weeks of an event may have experienced single or multiple events. The results support the concept of additivity of recent stressful events in some cases of emotional and behavioural disorders in childhood.

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