Mechanism, Scarcity, Working Rules

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Working Rules

Injustice during Night Work for Female Employees: A Lesson from Samarinda, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Rio Arif Pratama ◽  
Bayu Prasetyo ◽  
Asnawi Mubarok ◽  
Ikhwanul Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Working Rules

Night working rules are legal provisions that give rights to female workers who work from 23:00 p.m.to 07:00 a.m.provided by employers. Night working rules for women have certain characteristics of potential hazards which are different from other profession. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of night working rules for female workers in Samarinda City. The specific target to be achieved in this study is to identify company that employs female workers from 23:00 p.m. to 07:00 a.m. and to review the role of labor inspectors in enforcing night working rules for female workers in Samarinda City. The method of this study is empirical legal research method which is analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study will be described analytically. The results of this study found that there were many violations of the night working rules, besides that female workers did not know what rights they should have gotten from their employers. The role of labor inspectors is still ineffective, even in some places there were some companies which night working rules had not been supervised by labor inspector. The implications of this research will be submitted to the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of East Kalimantan Province as a contribution of research information on the effectiveness of night working rules for female workers in Samarinda City.

scholarly journals Laws, norms, and the Institutional Analysis and Development framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL H. COLE
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Institutional Analysis And Development ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Working Rules

AbstractElinor Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework has been described as ‘one of the most developed and sophisticated attempts to use institutional and stakeholder assessment in order to link theory and practice, analysis and policy’. But not all elements in the framework are sufficiently well developed. This paper focuses on one such element: the ‘rules-in-use’ (a.k.a. ‘rules’ or ‘working rules’). Specifically, it begins a long-overdue conversation about relations between formal legal rules and ‘working rules’ by offering a tentative and very simple typology of relations. Type 1: Some formal legal rules equal or approximate the working rules; Type 2: Some legal rules plus (or emended by) widely held social norms equal or approximate the working rules; and Type 3: Some legal rules bear no evident relation to the working rules. Several examples, including some previously used by Ostrom, are provided to illustrate each of the three types, which can be conceived of as nodes or ranges along a continuum. The paper concludes with a call for empirical research, especially case studies and meta-analyses, to determine the relevant scope of each of these types of relations, and to provide data for furthering our understanding of how different types of rules, from various sources, function (or not) as institutions.

scholarly journals Auditor Style and Financial Statement Comparability

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jere R. Francis ◽  
Matthew L. Pinnuck ◽  
Olena Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Data Availability ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Audit Firm ◽  
Internal Working ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Auditing Standards ◽  
Reported Earnings ◽  
Working Rules

ABSTRACT The term “audit style” is used to characterize the unique set of internal working rules of each Big 4 audit firm for the implementation of auditing standards and the enforcement of GAAP within their clienteles. Audit style implies that two companies audited by the same Big 4 auditor, subject to the same audit style, are more likely to have comparable earnings than two firms audited by two different Big 4 firms with different styles. By comparable we mean that two firms in the same industry and year will have a more similar accruals and earnings structure. For a sample of U.S. companies for the period 1987 to 2011, we find evidence consistent with audit style increasing the comparability of reported earnings within a Big 4 auditor's clientele. Data Availability: All data are publicly available from the sources identified in the text.

Custom and Law in the Social Order: Some reflections upon French Catalan peasant communities

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Assier-Andrieu
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Peasant Communities ◽  
Normative System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Domain ◽  
Social Autonomy ◽  
Working Rules

Until assuming the violent form most strikingly exemplified in France by the explosions of 1789 and 1848, the century-long movement of resistance and emancipation of the European peasantry mainly occurred in the legal domain. The focus of opposition was towards the attempt to impose a normative system which sought to undermine the working rules of peasant communities. It was carried through, for example, by protesting against seignorial obligations or by asserting claims to the free use of forests and communal pastures. In such actions the peasant will, revitalized by periodic subsistence crises, tried to maintain control over legal institutions, and therefore to retain relative social autonomy.

scholarly journals Manpower Utilization in the Railroad Industry: An Analysis of Working Rules and Practices.

ILR Review ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
John G. B. Hutchins ◽  
Morris A. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Railroad Industry ◽  
Working Rules

Working rules for determining the plot size and numbers of plots per block in field experiments

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Lin ◽  
M. R. Binns
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Incomplete Block ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Incomplete Block Design ◽  
Empirical Law ◽  
Block Experiment ◽  
Working Rules

SummaryWorking rules for determining plot size and number of plots within a block in field experiments are proposed based on the value of the intrablock correlation (ρ), which can be obtained from the analysis of variance of a randomized-block experiment. The method uses Binns' (1982) equation to relate this correlation to Smith's (1938) empirical law. The rules are: (1) if ρ is greater than 0·5, use an incomplete block design or reduce the plot size in order to increase the number of replications; (2) if ρ is less than 0·1, an increase in plot size is effective; (3) if ρ is between 0·1 and 0·5, an increase in plot size and a decrease in the number of plots per block may be helpful in combination.

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