Fabrication of psychiatric symptoms: Somatoform and psychotic disorders

2008 ◽  
pp. 198-212
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms

scholarly journals Emotion regulation across the psychosis continuum

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah C. Chapman ◽  
Katherine F. Visser ◽  
Vijay A. Mittal ◽  
Brandon E. Gibb ◽  
Meredith E. Coles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Prodromal Syndrome

AbstractEmotion regulation dysfunction is characteristic of psychotic disorders, but little is known about how the use of specific types of emotion regulation strategies differs across phases of psychotic illness. This information is vital for understanding factors contributing to psychosis vulnerability states and developing targeted treatments. Three studies were conducted to examine emotion regulation across phases of psychosis, which included (a) adolescent community members with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs; n = 262) and adolescents without PLEs (n = 1,226); (b) adolescents who met clinical high-risk criteria for a prodromal syndrome (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 29); and (c) outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ; n = 61) and healthy controls (n = 67). In each study, participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and measures of psychiatric symptoms and functional outcome. The three psychosis groups did not differ from each other in reported use of suppression; however, there was evidence for a vulnerability-related, dose-dependent decrease in reappraisal. Across each sample, a lower use of reappraisal was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Findings indicate that emotion regulation abnormalities occur across a continuum of psychosis vulnerability and represent important targets for intervention.

Psychiatric comorbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy: A case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S474-S474
Author(s):  
L. Jouini ◽  
U. Ouali ◽  
R. Zaouche ◽  
R. Jomli ◽  
Y. Zgueb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionPsychiatric disorders frequently occur in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) (70%). This combination further reduces the quality of life of patients as diagnosis is difficult and therapeutic opportunities are often missed.ObjectivesThe aim of this case study is to show the possible association between TLE and psychiatric semiology and its therapeutic implications.MethodsPresentation of the clinical case of Mr BH who experienced psychosis like symptoms, was finally diagnosed with TLE and put under anti-epileptic drugs.ResultsMr BH, aged 22, with no family or personal history, was admitted for aggressive behavior, self-harm, pyromania, and depression. Three years prior to onset of psychiatric symptoms, he reports episodes of pulsatile- left-temporal headache followed by hypertonic movements of the neck. Symptoms were intermittently followed by total amnesia or impaired consciousness. The patient explained symptoms by an inner presence that he called “his twin” and to whom he attributed those behaviors contrary to his will. The discovery of bilateral hippocampal atrophy in magnetic resonance imaging with a normal electroencephalography suggested the diagnosis of TLE with post-ictal psychotic disorders. Patient was put initially on diazepam and olanzapine with partial improvement. Association of valproate led to progressive but then complete disappearance of symptoms and so confirmed our diagnosis.ConclusionsIt is often difficult to attach psychiatric symptoms to epilepsy. The diagnosis should be done on a set of clinical, radiological and electrical arguments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Treating chronically psychotic patients in nursing homes

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S37-S37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gauillard
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sheltered Housing ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Alzheimer Dementia

The increase of aging patients with schizophrenia becomes a public health issue. The exponential demography of the elderly, the improvement of cares associated with better physical follow-up directly impact the number of old patients with chronic psychiatric disease. Deinstitutionalization associated with a dramatic enhancement of ambulatory and community cares has led to a reduction of beds in psychiatric hospitals. When dependency occurs, due to physical comorbid illness or a worsening of the negative symptoms, psychiatric teams should find appropriate housing and no longer the psychiatric hospital. Nursing home and sheltered housing for the elderly dependent persons become a solution, but geriatric staffs are not always prepared to receive resident with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. They often are at a loss when faced with the expression of psychiatric symptoms or with the specificity of caring for often-younger patients whose behavior is different from older people with neurodegenerative disorders.How psychiatric teams could long-term assist the sheltered housing and nursing home and bring a psychiatric know-how within staffs often reluctant to deal with psychotic patients who could burden caregivers. How could they be trained to cope with complex cognitive functions impairments of schizophrenia, far from cognitive impairments of Alzheimer dementia? How to change the representation of psychiatric illness, which often leads to a double stigmatization (old age and madness)? Improving the quality of life of aging patients with severe chronic mental illness in homes for seniors is a great challenge for psychiatric teams in collaboration with geriatric caregivers.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Treatment-Refractory Schizoaffective Disorder in a Patient with Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Amann ◽  
Celia García de la Iglesia ◽  
Peter McKenna ◽  
Edith Pomarol-Clotet ◽  
Marisa Sanchez-Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Cerebral Hemiatrophy ◽  
First Case ◽  
Perinatally Acquired

ABSTRACTDyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome, or cerebral hemiatrophy, is a pre- or perinatally acquired entity characterized by predominantly neurologic symptoms, such as seizures, facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiplegia, and mental retardation. Psychiatric symptoms are rarely reported. We report the first case of left cerebral hemiatrophy and a late onset of treatment-resistant schizoaffective disorder after a stressful life event. The patient finally responded well to clozapine. The clinical history and results from structural neuroimaging are highlighted to discuss the possible developmental bias for psychotic disorders.

scholarly journals Cognitive therapy for people with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis not taking antipsychotic medication: an exploratory trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Morrison ◽  
P. Hutton ◽  
M. Wardle ◽  
H. Spencer ◽  
S. Barratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

BackgroundAlthough antipsychotic medication is the first line of treatment for schizophrenia, many service users choose to refuse or discontinue their pharmacological treatment. Cognitive therapy (CT) has been shown to be effective when delivered in combination with antipsychotic medication, but has yet to be formally evaluated in its absence. This study evaluates CT for people with psychotic disorders who have not been taking antipsychotic medication for at least 6 months.MethodTwenty participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders received CT in an open trial. Our primary outcome was psychiatric symptoms measured using the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS), which was administered at baseline, 9 months (end of treatment) and 15 months (follow-up). Secondary outcomes were dimensions of hallucinations and delusions, self-rated recovery and social functioning.ResultsT tests and Wilcoxon's signed ranks tests revealed significant beneficial effects on all primary and secondary outcomes at end of treatment and follow-up, with the exception of self-rated recovery at end of treatment. Cohen's d effect sizes were moderate to large [for PANSS total, d=0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–1.35 at end of treatment; d=1.26, 95% CI 0.66–1.84 at follow-up]. A response rate analysis found that 35% and 50% of participants achieved at least a 50% reduction in PANSS total scores by end of therapy and follow-up respectively. No patients deteriorated significantly.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that CT is an acceptable and effective treatment for people with psychosis who choose not to take antipsychotic medication. An adequately powered randomized controlled trial is warranted.

scholarly journals Enrichment of gene variants associated with treatable genetic disorders in psychiatric populations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venuja Sriretnakumar ◽  
Ricardo Harripaul ◽  
John B. Vincent ◽  
James L. Kennedy ◽  
Joyce So
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Acute Intermittent Porphyria ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Niemann Pick Disease ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Niemann Pick

ABSTRACTPurposeMany genetic conditions can mimic mental health disorders, with psychiatric symptoms that are difficult to treat with standard psychotropic medications. This study tests the hypothesis that psychiatric populations are enriched for pathogenic variants associated with selected treatable genetic disorders.MethodsUsing next-generation sequencing, 2046 psychiatric patients were screened for variants in genes associated with four inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), Wilson disease (WD), homocystinuria (HOM), and acute intermittent porphyria (AIP).ResultsAmong the 2046 cases, carrier rates of 0·83%, 0·98%, 0·20%, and 0·24% for NPC, WD, HOM, and AIP were seen respectively. An enrichment of known and likely pathogenic variants in the genes associated with NPC and AIP was found in the psychiatric cohort, and especially in schizophrenia patients.ConclusionThe results of this study support that rare genetic disease variants, such as those associated with IEMs, may contribute to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. IEMs should be considered as possible causative factors for psychiatric presentations, especially in psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, and in the context of poor treatment response.

Medical implication of intoxication with legal spice plants in Romania

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
A. Csorba ◽  
L. Domokos ◽  
H. Nagy ◽  
D. Cosman ◽  
A. Mihai
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Performance ◽  
Social Abilities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Actions ◽  
Medical Symptoms ◽  
Positive Results

In lasts years in Romania a new challenge for the young appears: the legal spice shops. The promotions of using these substances include the promising like: relaxation, happiness, energy, sexual performance, increasing of social abilities.Aimsevaluation of medical consequences of intoxication with spice plants (Bonsai, “magic charge”, “mariciuca”, Salvia divinorum, Mitragina speciosa and others). The precise composition of substance used was not clear but the known drugs were excluded. Material and method: all patients with diagnosis of intoxication of spice plants, admitted for at least 24 hours in Department of Drug Dependence, in a 3 months period, in 2010 were evaluated, not only concerning psychiatric psychopathology but also for other medical symptoms or diseases.ResultsWe excluded the patients who have used other known drugs, and had positive results in blood and urine analysis. 17 patients used spice plants associate with alcohol less then 0.5%0, coffee or tobacco, 7 patients used only spice plants. The cardiovascular symptoms were present in 53%, gastrointestinal symptoms in 73%, neurological symptoms in 53%, renal symptoms 5%. We verified the personal history of diseases and also co-morbid acute diseases. Psychiatric symptoms were characteristic to substance induced psychotic disorders.ConclusionsThis study wanted to define and underline the specificity of clinical presentation of intoxication with spice plants, being useful to be known in emergency settings. These medical implications of use of this legal spice plants should also involve community, administrative or political actions for prevention of these medical consequences.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions in schizophrenia patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1343-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Firth ◽  
J. Cotter ◽  
R. Elliott ◽  
P. French ◽  
A. R. Yung
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Exercise Interventions

BackgroundThe typically poor outcomes of schizophrenia could be improved through interventions that reduce cardiometabolic risk, negative symptoms and cognitive deficits; aspects of the illness which often go untreated. The present review and meta-analysis aimed to establish the effectiveness of exercise for improving both physical and mental health outcomes in schizophrenia patients.MethodWe conducted a systematic literature search to identify all studies that examined the physical or mental effects of exercise interventions in non-affective psychotic disorders. Of 1581 references, 20 eligible studies were identified. Data on study design, sample characteristics, outcomes and feasibility were extracted from all studies and systematically reviewed. Meta-analyses were also conducted on the physical and mental health outcomes of randomized controlled trials.ResultsExercise interventions had no significant effect on body mass index, but can improve physical fitness and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Psychiatric symptoms were significantly reduced by interventions using around 90 min of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week (standardized mean difference: 0.72, 95% confidence interval −1.14 to −0.29). This amount of exercise was also reported to significantly improve functioning, co-morbid disorders and neurocognition.ConclusionsInterventions that implement a sufficient dose of exercise, in supervised or group settings, can be feasible and effective interventions for schizophrenia.

Psychiatric symptoms’ treatment to patients addicted to alcohol, cocaine and crack

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
M.L. Pequeno ◽  
M.D. Feltrin ◽  
J.A. Gonçalves ◽  
F.J. Ropero Pelaez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Atypical Neuroleptics ◽  
Consciousness Level ◽  
Public Mental Health Service ◽  
Level Reduction

IntroductionExtrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) related to the use of neuroleptics are an limiting factor to patients’ compliance during the treatment with this group of drugs.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify which drugs are mostly prescribed for cocaine, crack and alcohol addicts’ psychotic symptoms.MethodsThis study selected 31 patients with mean age of 33.61 ± 1.90 enrolled with psychotic disorders related to use of illicit drugs in an public mental health service.ResultsPatients under this study were addict to alcohol (61,29%), cocaine or crack, associated (38,71%).The percentage of patients addicted to alcohol treated with typical neuroleptic-(typical-neurol) was 42,11%, with atypical neuroleptic-(atypical-neurol) was 26,32%, with association of typical and atypical neuroleptics-(typical/atypical-neurol) (21,60%), and with benzodiazepines associated with serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors (BZD-SSRI) (10,00)%. The cocaine or crack associated or not with alcohol patients were treated with typical-neurol (41,67%), atypical-neurol (41,67%), typical/atypical-neurolol (8,33%) and BZD-SSRI (8,33%).The EPS related to the use of neuroleptics in patients addicted to alcohol were given biperiden (52,65%), promethazine or anticolvulsant (Prometh/Anticonv) (42,11%) and no-treatment (5,26%). For those patients, addicted to cocaine, crack and alcohol altogether were given biperiden (58,34%), Prometh/Anticonv (25,00%) and no-treatment (16,67%).ConclusionsIn the case of using neuroleptics, the EPS should be reversed with biperiden in an dose combined with the neuroleptic prescribed to each individual, in an effort to minimized hallucination. Also, if sedation was indicated using Prometh/Anticonv to patients that are taking neuroleptics, then the health care professional team in charge must be aware of consciousness level-reduction.

scholarly journals LIMPACT DES THERAPIES TRADITIONNELLES SUR LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES MALADES MENTAUX

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 911-916
Author(s):  
S. Belbachir ◽  
◽  
A. Benzineb ◽  
A. Ouanass ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Traditional Therapy ◽  
Almost All

In spite of the development of the psychiatry in Morocco, the traditional therapy is another current phenomenon always using to treat mental disorder. The surnatural was dominating in the representation of the mental disorder, and it as well at the level of its origin as of its treatment.The objective of this work is to describe the cultural perception of the first psychiatric symptoms by the families of the mental sick, to determine the first approach of care.It is about a descriptive forward-looking study using a heteroquestionnary including a sample of 184 families of hospitalized or consultant patient to the Ar-razipsychiatric hospital in Sale (Morocco) over a period of three months of the current year.We counted 184 families who have a member consulted or hospitalized at the Arrazi hospital. 38% represent mother of patient. All the socioeconomic and educational levels were represented. Almost all the diseases were founded with a big ascendancy of the psychotic disorders. The appeal to Fkihs in front of first symptoms was almost important the conversifs disorders and anxious seem to be the preference illness of this kind of practice but you should not forget that the psychoses also represent a not insignificant rate with 66%. The cultural interpretations of the mental illness are represented by the charm in 35 % of the cases, the Toukal (deliberate poisoning) in 29% and the ownership by devils in 21 %. The bad eye is reported in 20%. More than 63% of families turned to the traditional therapy in front of the first psychiatric symptoms, while only 36 % returned the patients at a general doctor or a psychiatrist. 62 % of families continue to turn to the traditional therapies in spite of the psychiatric follow-up, in this case they tend to stop the medical treatment in 30 % of the cases. There is a significant link between the first orientation and the interpretation of the disease. Traditherapeutes was more requested at the patients of whom families think that their disease is of surnatural origin (p = 0,001). The appeal to the traditional therapy and the residence in rural areas and not schooling are also strongly correlated. (P = 0,011 and p = 0,001). The Moroccan psychiatry was able to realize a lot of progress during the last two decades, in spite of the insufficiency of the human resources and the infrastructures. Additional efforts are necessary, especially with the high request of care, for it all the community should participate in the promotion of the mental health to reduce the stigmatization of this discipline and offer a better management of patients. The family is at the heart of the care of the mental disorders. Simple interventions with family can largely improve the quality of life of the sick person and that of the whole family.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document