Melissus (mid or late 5th century BC)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sedley
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Greek Philosopher ◽  
The One ◽  
Clear Presentation

Melissus was a Greek philosopher from the island of Samos. A second-generation representative of Eleatic metaphysics, he published one work, entitled On Nature or On That-Which-Is, which has been partially reconstructed by editors. It defends a version of Parmenides’ monism, but recast with terminology and arguments directly accessible to a readership schooled in the eastern Greek (Ionian) style of physical speculation, as distinct from Parmenides’ western Greek background. Although it is uncertain how important Melissus was to his own contemporaries, his prosaic but clear presentation of Eleatic concepts was more widely adopted by later writers than the enigmatic pronouncements of Parmenides. Melissus argues that that-which-is is: (1) omnitemporal; (2) infinite in extent; (3) one; (4) homogeneous; (5) changeless, that is, without (a) reordering, (b) pain, (c) grief or (d) motion; (6) indivisible; and (7) bodiless. Here (1) – ‘it always was what it was, and always will be’ – is a departure from Parmenides, who had outlawed past and future in favour of a static present. Likewise (2) contrasts with Parmenides’ defence of spatially finite being. The remaining predicates are consonant with Parmenides, although (5) b–c suggest that the being Melissus has in mind is a living one, presumably a deity – an aspect not brought out by Parmenides. Melissus wrote ‘If there were many things, they ought to be such as I say the One is’ – a remark sometimes thought to have inspired his contemporaries the atomists.

Trapezountian Pontic Greek in Etoloakarnania

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Spyros Armostis ◽  
Louiza Voniati ◽  
Konstantinos Drosos ◽  
Dionysios Tafiadis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Standard Term ◽  
The One

The variety described here is Pontic Greek (ISO 639 name: pnt), and specifically the variety that originates from Trapezounta in Asia Minor (present-day Trabzon in Turkey) as spoken today in Etoloakarnania, Greece by second-generation refugees. The term ‘Pontic Greek’ (in Greek: ) was originally an etic term, while Pontians called their language by other names, mainly [ɾoˈmeika] ‘Romeika’ (Sitaridou 2016) but also [laziˈka] ‘Laz language’ (Drettas 1997: 19, 620), even though Pontians and Laz people do not share the same language, the latter being Caucasian. Nowadays, is the standard term used not only by researchers, but also by native speakers of Pontic Greek born in Greece to refer to their variety (but see Sitaridou 2013 for Romeyka in the Black Sea). Pontic Greek belongs to the Asia Minor Greek group along with other varieties, such as Cappadocian Greek (e.g. Horrocks 2010: 398–404; Sitaridou 2014: 31). According to Sitaridou (2014, 2016), on the basis of historical reconstruction, the Pontic branch of Asia Minor Greek is claimed to have been divided into two major dialectal groups: Pontic Greek as spoken by Christians until the 20th century in Turkey and Romeyka as spoken by Muslims to date in Turkey. Triantafyllidis (1938/1981: 288) divides Pontic varieties, as were spoken in Asia Minor, into three dialectal groups, namely Oinountian, Chaldiot, and Trapezountian, the latter consisting of the varieties that were spoken at Trapezounta, Kerasounta, Rizounta, Sourmena, Ofis, Livera, Tripolis, and Matsouka in Asia Minor (Trabzon, Giresun, Sürmene, Of, Yazlık, Tirebolu, and Maçka respectively in present-day Turkey). However, Triantafyllidis does not explain his criteria for this classification (Chatzissavidis 2012). According to one other classification (Papadopoulos 1955: 17–18; Papadopoulos 1958: $\upzeta$ ), the variety that was used in Trapezounta belongs to the dialectal group in which post-stressed /i/ and /u/ delete along other varieties, such as e.g. the ones that were spoken in Chaldia (present-day Gümüşhane), Sourmena, and Ofis (as opposed to the rest of Pontic varieties, such as the one of Kerasounta, in which those vowels are retained). Trapezountian Pontic Greek can also be classified with the group of varieties that retain word-final /n/, such as the varieties of Kerasounta and Chaldia, as opposed to the varieties that do not retain it, such as the ones of Oinoe (present-day Ünye) and (partially) Ofis (Papadopoulos 1958: θ).

scholarly journals Major Socio–Political Factors that Impact on the Changing Role, Perception and Image of Imams among Dutch–Turkish Muslims

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Ömer Faruk Gürlesin
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Immigrant Identity ◽  
Popular Religiosity ◽  
Muslims In Europe ◽  
The One ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Second Generation Migrants

Public debates in the Netherlands assume there is an inherent tension between the traditional task of the imam and his tasks in the secularized Dutch society. Studies of the effect of age and generation on religiosity report that intense religious changes are taking place among second-generation migrants. But the direction of this change is interpreted differently by scholars. A majority of scholars indicate that second-generation migrants consider themselves more ‘Muslim’ and are more concerned about the traditional sources of religious authority. Other studies report that there is an ongoing pattern of secularization among Muslims in Europe and that second-generation migrants consider themselves less concerned about the traditional and popular sources of religious leadership and authority. In relation to the findings of my PhD study, in this contribution, I elaborate on several factors to shed some light on the possible reasons behind these different findings. These factors are, in turn, the lack of language skills and knowledge of the local culture, the politization of Diyanet’s institutional culture, and the secularization of young immigrant identity. While discussing these factors, I evaluated their role in the formation of the public image of imams. The results indicate that the image of the imam in Dutch–Turkish Muslim communities is not uniform. On the one hand, there are the educated interviewees and spiritually oriented respondents, who generally criticize the ignorance of most imams and the irrelevance of their sermons to young Muslims in Europe. On the other hand, there are the less educated respondents and the respondents who strongly experience popular religiosity, who do not question the authority of imams. The image of the imam in the minds of the majority of Dutch–Turkish Muslims is positive and retains its authority.

scholarly journals Fragments of a Hungarian Past in the Literature of 1.5 and Second-Generation Austro-Hungarian Immigrants in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Ilana Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Previous Generation ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Multicultural Setting ◽  
The One ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Contemporary Israeli literature is presently preoccupied with the past diasporic lives of the previous generation, the one that came to Israel from practically all four winds in the mid-late twentieth century. Hungarian-Israeli writers—e.g., Yoel Hoffmann, Judith Rotem, Yael Neeman and Esti G. Hayim—constitute a distinct group within this stream of 1.5 and second generation poets and novelists who have written about immigration and State foundation, often using a documentary or fictionalized memoirist mode. This article highlights the components of these writers' complex burden of a whole world destroyed, in most cases, not long before they were born and which they strive to restore or at least re-imagine in their oeuvre as contemporary Israeli writers. These components include: Holocaust trauma and its transference to the second generation, Hungarian speaking families within the Israeli multicultural setting, the ties of these families with their Hungarian foreign relatives, and household objects related to this past.

Hidden histories and second generation struggles in David Chariandy’s Soucouyant

2020 ◽  
pp. 002198941990052
Author(s):  
Asha Jeffers
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Critical Writing ◽  
The One ◽  
Second Generation Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ways Of Being

David Chariandy’s lauded 2007 debut novel Soucouyant explores the way that immigrants transmit lessons, beliefs, and ways of being to their children both intentionally and unintentionally, and the ways that these transmissions can contradict one another. This article argues that while much of the critical writing about Soucouyant has foregrounded the relationship between the unnamed narrator and his dementia-suffering mother, the text is just as concerned with exploring intragenerational relationships as it is with intergenerational ones. Indeed, the text demonstrates the interweaving of both intergenerational and intragenerational relationships in a unique and compelling way. The lessons that get passed on between the generations shape the lives and interactions of second generation subjects between themselves. In particular, the relationship between the narrator and Meera, the mysterious woman who has moved in with and is taking care of his mother when he returns to her home after deserting her for several years, poses the question of how these two second generation subjects of differing class backgrounds might reconcile themselves with both their parents’ Caribbean pasts, their own Canadian presents, and uncertain futures. The novel’s subtitle, “a novel of forgetting,” signals the central role of memory and forgetting play in the novel. The immigrant parents’ desire and attempts to forget the past are not wholly successful and their second generation children are forced to first remember before they can move forward without being haunted by the traumas, silences, and anxieties of their parents. The complex racial and class politics of Trinidad and Canada lead to the narrator and Meera receiving very different legacies from their parents. However, their eventual coming together, in all its difficulty, suggests that there is hope for second generation subjects who wish to choose a different path than the one set for them by either their parents or the nation-state.

The Mutual Influence Between Legitimacy and Nascent Second-Generation Ethnic Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-371
Author(s):  
Cat-My Dang
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurs ◽  
The One ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Reciprocal Process

This chapter investigates the interaction between legitimacy and nascent ethnic entrepreneurship in the country of residence. The study relies on institutional theory to demonstrate that host institutions and ethnic institutions play different roles in the early stages of second-generation ethnic entrepreneurship. The qualitative data in this study demonstrate that second-generation ethnic entrepreneurs are firmly embedded in the mainstream community and, therefore, earn proper legitimacy in various industries in the mainstream market. On the one hand, the prevailing connections between entrepreneurs and their ethnic communities provide second-generation ethnic entrepreneurship with the legitimacy to contribute to society. On the other hand, ethnic society legitimates the entrepreneurial activities of second-generation ethnic entrepreneurs because of these contributions. Moreover, the results of this study illustrate the reciprocal process in which institutions recognize the legitimacy of nascent second-generation ethnic entrepreneurship in different contexts.

The Holocaust, Second-Generation Witness, and the Voluntary Covenant in American Judaism

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
American Popular Culture ◽  
American Judaism ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The One

Widespread discourse about the Holocaust entered American popular culture in the seventies in two main ways: a series of television shows that purportedly focused on the destruction of European Judaism and two books that dealt specifically with the children of survivors. The television miniseries, Gerald Green's Holocaust (1978), suited the national need for simplified history and melodrama. Moreover, given the American penchant for ethnic identifiers, Holocaust became known as the Jewish Roots. The networks soon aired other Holocaust programs, including Herman Wouk's far less commercially successful The Winds of War. The resultant Holocaust discourse was frequently poorly informed and historically naive. On the one hand, it reflected a tendency in Western culture to think that the Holocaust ended definitively in 1945. On the other hand, this discourse frequently neutralized the evil of nazism.

scholarly journals Massive stars in globular clusters: drivers of chemical and dynamical evolution

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S272) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Thibault Decressin
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Cluster Evolution ◽  
The One ◽  
Mechanical Mass

AbstractMassive stars have a strong impact on globular cluster evolution. First providing they rotate initially fast enough they can reach the break-up velocity during the main sequence and a mechanical mass-loss will eject matter from the equator at low velocity. Rotation-induced mixing will also bring matter from the convective core to the surface. From this ejected matter loaded in H-burning material a second generation of stars will born. The chemical pattern of these second generation stars are similar to the one observed for stars in globular cluster with abundance anomalies in light elements. Then during the explosion as supernovae the massive stars will also clear the cluster of the remaining gas. If this gas expulsion process acts on short timescale it can strongly modify the dynamical properties of clusters by ejecting preferentially first generation stars.

scholarly journals GALAXI: Gallium anode low-angle x-ray instrument

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kentzinger ◽  
Margarita Krutyeva ◽  
Ulrich Rücker
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Radiation Source ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Transmission Geometry ◽  
The One

The high brilliance laboratory small angle X-ray scattering instrument GALAXI, which is operated by JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, permits the investigation of chemical correlations in bulk materials or of structures deposited on a surface at nanometre and mesoscopic length scales. The instrument is capable to perform GISAXS experiments in reflection at grazing incidence as well as SAXS experiments in transmission geometry. The X-ray flux on sample is comparable or higher than the one obtained at a comparable beamline at a second generation synchrotron radiation source. 

Clinical validation of a second-generation fructosamine assay

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1252-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T Cefalu ◽  
Audrey D Bell-Farrow ◽  
Marie Petty ◽  
Camille Izlar ◽  
Jeffrey A Smith
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
The One ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

Abstract The serum fructosamine assay, used to monitor short-term clinical glycemic control, reportedly has several technical drawbacks. However, technical improvements have resulted in a new second-generation assay of fructosamine. We evaluated this second-generation assay (from Roche Diagnostics) in 529 nondiabetic and diabetic patients and found a highly significant correlation with results of the first-generation assay (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001). Use of the second-generation assay with samples from patients classified on the basis of glycemic control according to their glycohemoglobin (GHb) values, enabled us to discriminate between the nondiabetics, diabetics with "good/moderate" control (i.e., GHb less than 10%), and diabetics with "poor" control (GHb greater than or equal to 10%). We evaluated the validity of the second-generation assay to assess short-term glycemic control in 23 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients who participated for 10 weeks in an intensive intervention program designed to rapidly normalize the clinical glycemic profile. Results correlated significantly with the one-week average capillary blood glucose concentration (CBG) and with the three-week average CBG in all 23 patients. In addition, the second-generation fructosamine assay results demonstrated a significant decrease at each week of study, as did the average CBG. Results of the first- and second-generation assays correlated significantly at each week of study. GHb correlated significantly with both the second- (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001) and first-generation fructosamine assay results (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001) for the baseline blood samples of the intervention study, but this correlation decreased (to r = 0.35, P = 0.09 and r = 0.34, P = 0.09, respectively) by the conclusion of the study.

scholarly journals International legal structuralism: a primer

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Desautels-Stein
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
International Law ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
International Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way ◽  
International Thought

International legal structuralism arrived on the shores of international thought in the 1980s. The arrival was not well received, perhaps in part, because it was not well understood. This essay aims to reintroduce legal structuralism and hopefully pave the way for new, and more positive, receptions and understandings. This reintroduction is organized around two claims regarding the broader encounter between international lawyers and critical theory in the 1980s. The first was a jurisprudential claim about how the critics sought to show how international law was nothing more than a continuation of international politics by other means. The second was a historical claim about how the critics wanted to show that international law had never been anything but politics, and that it always would be. In the view of this essay, both of these claims about international legal structuralism were wrong, and they are still wrong today. For despite the tendency to think of it as a cover for postmodern nihilism or relentless deconstruction or both, legal structuralism offers international theorists an enriching and edifying method for rethinking the relation between law and politics on the one hand, and law and history on the other. It is in the effort to carry a brief for a reawakened legal structuralism that the essay brings focus to some of the early works of Koskenniemi and Kennedy, identifies the semiotic foundations of that work, and ultimately suggests the possibility of a second generation of international legal structuralism.

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