Lopatin, Lev Mikailovich (1855–1920)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall A. Poole
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Psychology ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vladimir Solov'ev

In 1911 the Moscow Psychological Society celebrated the accomplishments of Lev Lopatin, a major Russian idealist and personalist philosopher. Lopatin was lauded for his chairmanship of the Psychological Society, the oldest learned society ‘uniting the philosophical forces of Russia’, and for his contributions to Russian philosophy: to the critique of positivism, to the development of Russian philosophical language and the history of philosophy in Russia, to the defence of idealism through his theories of ‘creative causation’ and the soul’s substantiality, to philosophical psychology, and to the strength and independence of Russian philosophic culture. Twenty-five years earlier the appearance of the first volume of Lopatin’s main work, Polozhitel’nye zadachi filosofii (The Positive Tasks of Philosophy), was indeed a milestone in the philosophical revolt against positivism and the development of Russian neo-idealism. In this and subsequent works Lopatin advanced his ‘system of concrete spiritualism’. His idea of the person as an ontologically grounded spiritual entity relates him to Leibniz’s monadology, and he is regarded as one of the main representatives of ‘neo-Leibnizianism’ in Russia, following Aleksei Kozlov. Another source of his ideas was his long-time friend the Russian religious philosopher Vladimir Solov’ëv, despite certain philosophical differences between them.

scholarly journals CONCEPTS OF “POSSIBLE” AND “NECESSARY” IN H. CRESCAS' SECOND BOOK OF “LIGHT OF THE LORD”

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
VALERIYA V. SLEPTSOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Divine Omniscience ◽  
Main Work ◽  
History Of

This paper analyzes the concepts of “possible” and “necessary” in the philosophy of the medieval Jewish-Catalan philosopher and theologian Hasdai Crescas. The main work of Crescas is named “Light of the Lord” (“Or-ha-Shem”). It is still not translated into Russian. The ideas of Crescas are not spread widely in the Russian philosophy of religion and in the Russian history of philosophy. Meanwhile, Crescas is one of the most original Jewish thinkers of the Middle Ages, who proposed, in particular, his own concept of combining divine omniscience and human free will. He developed this concept in the fifth section of the second book of “Or-a-Shem”. It is obvious, that this concept cannot be understood without a detailed analysis of Crescas’ understanding of the categories of “possible” and “necessary”. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that within the framework of the concept proposed by Crescas both categories are coexisting. Crescas demonstrated this proposition by both philosophical and exegetical arguments...

Brentano, Franz Clemens (1838–1917)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick M. Chisholm ◽  
Peter Simons
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Descriptive Psychology ◽  
Phenomenological Movement ◽  
Precise Statement ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sparse Ontology

Brentano was a philosopher and psychologist who taught at the Universities of Würzburg and Vienna. He made significant contributions to almost every branch of philosophy, notably psychology and philosophy of mind, ontology, ethics and the philosophy of language. He also published several books on the history of philosophy, especially Aristotle, and contended that philosophy proceeds in cycles of advance and decline. He is best known for reintroducing the scholastic concept of intentionality into philosophy and proclaiming it as the characteristic mark of the mental. His teachings, especially those on what he called descriptive psychology, influenced the phenomenological movement in the twentieth century, but because of his concern for precise statement and his sensitivity to the dangers of the undisciplined use of philosophical language, his work also bears affinities to analytic philosophy. His anti-speculative conception of philosophy as a rigorous discipline was furthered by his many brilliant students. Late in life Brentano’s philosophy radically changed: he advocated a sparse ontology of physical and mental things (reism), coupled with a linguistic fictionalism stating that all language purportedly referring to non-things can be replaced by language referring only to things.

scholarly journals Russian Neo-Kantianism and Philosophy in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Pavel Vladimirov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Global Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Related Theme

Russian neo-Kantianismʼs status in the history of the development of Russian philosophy is an important, but poorly presented in scientific publications, issue is revealed in the article. With some exceptions, which are represented by a number of few, but informative and informative articles and a monograph, the problem remains without proper reception in the scientific discourse of our time. Russian neo-Kantianism, however, leaving aside the question of what is the phenomenon of Russian neo-Kantianism, it is impossible to productively and consistently actualize the content of Russian neo-Kantians and, moreover, to show their significance in the history of Russian philosophical and socio-humanitarian thought in general. Three key difficulties stand out: 1) the question of originality and the related theme of the independence of the philosophical direction (originality, independence and originality – differ from each other, but are united in their immanent orientation); 2) Russian neo-Kantianism, which in many ways seems to be the most difficult task for researchers engaged in historical and philosophical reconstruction; 3) the question remains ambiguous as to whether Russian neo-Kantianism is a continuation of the German tradition or whether it is a direction of Russian philosophy of thought. Russian neo-Kantianism, the three difficulties identified in the reception of the phenomenon of Russian neo-Kantianism taken as a whole, are consistently revealed in the content of the proposed article, supplemented by a brief overview of the most systemic positions of Russian philosophers, ranked among Russian neo-Kantianism. Overcoming the indicated difficulties, which undoubtedly affect the objective disclosure of the creativity of each representative of Russian neo-Kantianism or thinkers related to them, seems appropriate not only from the standpoint of the history of philosophy, but also for actualizing the heritage of philosophers in the conditions of modern socio-humanitarian pragmatics. Russian neo-Kantianism The author of the article suggests that one of the ways to overcome the ambiguity of the definition of Russian neo-Kantianism in the history of Russian thought may be, firstly, a more detailed consecration of the activities of Russian neo-Kantians in the historical and philosophical literature, and secondly, a comprehensive representation of this direction, including studies of individual personalities and their works. Despite the controversial and polemical nature of the task, its formulation is necessary for the objectivity of the meaning of Russian thought in the global context.

scholarly journals Sangallo, Vignola, Palladio and the Roman «Accademia de lo Studio de l’Architettura».

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-79
Author(s):  
Bernd Kulawik
Keyword(s):  
Digital Humanities ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Marine Engineer ◽  
Renaissance Music ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ambitious Program ◽  
Ma Thesis

Bernd Kulawik is a trained marine engineer who studied physics, musicology and philosophy at the Technical Universities of Dresden and Berlin. MA thesis in 1996 about Monteverdi’s «Seconda Pratica». PhD in 2002 with a dissertation about drawings in the Berlin «Codex Destailleur D» for Antonio da Sangallo the Younger’s last project for St. Peter’s in Rome. Since 1988 he worked in research libraries and institutes in Berlin, Rome, Berne, Einsiedeln and Zurich, mostly as developer for database projects. Since 2013 he could take up his research about the study of ancient architecture in Renaissance Rome which led to the rediscovery of the forgotten «Accademia de lo Studio de l’Architettura». This academy almost completely realised Claudio Tolomei’s ambitious program from 1542 formerly believed to be unrealisable. Other research interests are the history of philosophy, Renaissance music and the epistemic and technical preconditions as well as long-time perspectives of the Digital Humanities.

Hintikka, Jaakko (1929–2015)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Niiniluoto
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Inductive Logic ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Formal Epistemology ◽  
Philosophical Logic ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independence Friendly Logic

Jaakko Hintikka was a Finnish philosopher who developed important new methods and systems in mathematical and philosophical logic. Over a distinguished career in universities in Finland and the USA, he was one of the most cited analytic philosophers and published prolifically in mathematical and philosophical logic, philosophy of language, formal epistemology, philosophy of science and history of philosophy. Hintikka was a pioneer of possible-worlds semantics, epistemic logic, inductive logic, game-theoretical semantics, the interrogative approach to inquiry and independence-friendly logic. He was an expert on Aristotle, Leibniz, Kant, Peirce and Wittgenstein. He also influenced philosophy as a successful teacher and the long-time editor of the journal Synthese.

Asmus, Valentin Ferdinandovich (1894–1975)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bakhurst
Keyword(s):  
Formal Logic ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Soviet Philosophy ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Standards ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Marxist Tradition

One of the most accomplished thinkers in the Soviet Marxist tradition, Asmus wrote extensively in many areas of philosophy, and was widely regarded as the Soviet Union’s principal Kant scholar. Early in his career, he became associated with the influential school of ‘dialecticians’ led by A.M. Deborin and produced a number of significant writings in the history of philosophy. When Deborin and his followers were condemned as ‘Menshevizing idealists’ in 1931, Asmus shifted the principal focus of his work to aesthetics and logic. His 1947 textbook of formal logic subsequently became the principal text for logic instruction in the USSR. Throughout his long career, Asmus experienced a number of political difficulties. Nevertheless, he avoided imprisonment and published consistently, though he was never permitted to go abroad. His importance in Russian philosophy derives not so much from the significance of his theories, but from his role in preserving philosophical culture in Russia through the Stalin period. He aspired to high standards of scholarship and worked hard to foster the study of logic and the history of philosophy. The breadth of his interests and his excellence as a teacher made him an inspirational figure to the young scholars striving to revive Soviet philosophy in the 1960s.

History of Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Kanke
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The textbook is a sequential course in the history of philosophy. The history of philosophical innovations from antiquity to the present day is considered. The content of the philosophy of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, Modern times, and the XIX century is presented. Special attention is paid to the main philosophical trends of the twentieth century, as well as Russian philosophy, including the Soviet period. The course is based on the achievements of modern science, as well as analytical philosophy, phenomenology, hermeneutics, poststructuralism and other major philosophical trends of our time. The theory of conceptual transduction is used. It is intended for bachelors studying in the enlarged group of training areas 47.00.00 "Philosophy, Ethics and Religious Studies" and other training areas. It is of considerable interest to a wide range of readers interested in the development of philosophical knowledge.

A History of Philosophy and Psychology in Finland, 1809-1917

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Manninen ◽  
Juhani Ihanus ◽  
Marja Jalava ◽  
Ilkka Niiniluoto
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Psychology ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Logical Paradoxes

Includes:PART ONEAN OUTLINE OF FINNISH PHILOSOPHY BEFORE 18091.1. Prehistory1.2. Christianity Arrives1.3. The Academy of TurkuPART TWOFROM IDEALISM TO NATIONALISTIC AND LIBERAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF THE STATE2. 1. Varieties of ldealism: Franzén, Lagus, and Hartman2.2. Romanticism in Turku: Bergbom, Ottelin, Arwidsson, and Hwasser2.3. J. J. Tengström's Teaching of Hegel's Philosophy of Right2.4. J. V. Snellman's Career: Philosopher, Journalist, Senator2.5. Academic Freedom and Bildung2.6. Personality, Spirit, and Nation2.7. Snellman’s Doctrine of the State2.8. Fight for Enlightenment: Wilhelm Bolin2.9. Ways out of HegelPART THREEENTANGLEMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH3.1. From Philosophical Psychology to Experimental Psychology3.2. Logic and Psychology in Lotze's Spirit: Thiodolf Rein3.3. Psychological Laboratory: Hjalmar Neiglick3.4. Philosophy of History: Arvi Grotenfelt3.5. Psychological Ethics and Social Anthropology: Edward 'Westermarck3.6. A Promethean Philosopher and Psychologist: Rolf Lagerborg3.7. Logical Paradoxes: Hjalmar Magnus Eklund3.8. Modern Philosophical Currents: Eino Kaila3.9. Debates on Mach3.10. New Trends in Psychology in the 1910s3.11. Philosophy and Public Affairs: The Philosophical Society

Philosophy and its Re-Formation in Post-Soviet Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Pertsev ◽  
Yekaterina S. Cherepanova ◽  
Yekaterina A. Batyuta
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Philosophical Education ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
Soviet Russia

The article discusses the situation of philosophical education in Russia. After 1991, the teaching of the officially recognized “dialectical materialism” and “historical materialism” in Russia was stopped. Since then, there has been no unified curriculum in philosophy studies in Russia, and the discipline has been significantly changed and extended. Now it includes a variety of philosophical currents that correspond to the general image of this discipline in the world. Nevertheless, there are some distinctive features, which differentiate Russian philosophy teaching from the c of philosophy elsewhere. One significant trait of modern Russian philosophy is the quest for its own identity. This explains the steady and ongoing interest in the history of Russian philosophy and in religious philosophy, which is booming at present. It is also significant that a majority of post-Soviet philosophers still perceive themselves as successors to the scientific ideology in the Marxist sense and regard the working out of a scientific world outlook as their goal. Philosophical schools, such as phenomenology and hermeneutics, are still viewed with suspicion and considered as historical phenomena, which have been overcome a long time ago. The paper will discuss the complex relationship between different positions in the understanding of philosophy in Russia, against the background of the struggle between conservative and progressive tendencies in Russian politics, culture and economics. The analysis of the mainstream of philosophical re-formation allows us to speak about the “New Epoch of Engineers” and the fall of the “Humanist Thaw”.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document