Realism and antirealism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Craig
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
Theories Of Meaning ◽  
The Way

The basic idea of realism is that the kinds of thing which exist, and what they are like, are independent of us and the way in which we find out about them; antirealism denies this. Most people find it natural to be realists with respect to physical facts: how many planets there are in the solar system does not depend on how many we think there are, or would like there to be, or how we investigate them; likewise, whether electrons exist or not depends on the facts, not on which theory we favour. However, it seems natural to be antirealist about humour: something’s being funny is very much a matter of whether we find it funny, and the idea that something might really be funny even though nobody ever felt any inclination to laugh at it seems barely comprehensible. The saying that ‘beauty is in the eye of the beholder’ is a popular expression of antirealism in aesthetics. An obviously controversial example is that of moral values; some maintain that they are real (or ‘objective’), others that they have no existence apart from human feelings and attitudes. This traditional form of the distinction between realism and its opposite underwent changes during the 1970s and 1980s, largely due to Michael Dummett’s proposal that realism and antirealism (the latter term being his own coinage) were more productively understood in terms of two opposed theories of meaning. Thus, a realist is one who would have us understand the meanings of sentences in terms of their truth-conditions (the situations that must obtain if they are to be true); an antirealist holds that those meanings are to be understood by reference to assertability-conditions (the circumstances under which we would be justified in asserting them).

scholarly journals Zabrana online igara na sreću kao posljedica poreznoga zakonodavstva

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 653-664
Author(s):  
Matteo Cvenček
Keyword(s):  
Moral Values ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Online Business ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
The Way

Moral and moral values are increasingly questioned in today's society when it comes to a multiplicity of vices that are becoming available to a larger number of people. Gambling, as a form of hazardous activity, is reaching every space and every liberal country through digitalization. Internet and online business have made it possible to spread gambling and thus to increase the number of participants in such games. Apart from some basic doubts about the morality of such games, especially regarding young players, there also appears the issue of state interests in monopoly systems ordered by national laws. A policy driven by state interests has paved the way for restricting gambling providers by blocking those providers or blocking the access to the content of certain webpages. The linked ban is debatable at least from the aspect of the constitutionality of the mentioned measure. Despite of this, measures prohibiting access to a certain internet content should be evaluated individually, in accordance with the principle of proportionality and in line with the requirement of legal certainty. This paper therefore addresses the need to introduce such a measure in the Croatian tax legislation with comparative examples of justifications for this measure and also deals with the problem of its possible abuses by the Croatian Tax Administration, thereby subtly introducing the complete control of the content of websites.

scholarly journals Ethics in Classical and Contemporary Children’s Short Stories

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Atikah Ruslianti ◽  
Annisaa Syifa Nuramalina
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Diverse Culture ◽  
The Way

Children short stories are one way among other literature studies to educate children about moral values and social life around them. In order to be able to socialize with other people, one of the important moral values that an individual must have is ethics. Most of children short stories, both classical and contemporary, are trying to present ethics as the main theme. This paper explores the way ethics is being conveyed in classical and contemporary children short stories. This paper uses Narrative Inquiry of Qualitative Method. This method is used to explore the background of the stories and authors with diverse culture as it is shown through the stories. There are 6 children short stories being analyzed. Three stories are classical, and the other three are contemporary. This paper also shows the results of comparison of ethic in classical and contemporary children short stories.

Shariah

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

In addition to a concise review of the meaning and definition of shariah, the chapter introduces the sources of shariah, including the two main types of revealed and rational sources and their subdivisions. The history of shariah (“the way to the watering place,” or “the path to correct guidance, salvation, and relief”) is occupied with scholastic developments and the embodiment of what became known as fiqh, which consists mainly of the practical rules of Islamic law that regulate the daily lives of Muslims. Shariah is a broad concept that is not confined to legal rules but comprises the totality of guidance that God Most High has revealed to humankind, pertaining to the dogma of Islam, its moral values, and its practical legal rules.

Reshaping Public Intellectual Life: Frank Moorhouse and His Milieu

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Catharine Lumby
Keyword(s):  
Moral Values ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Fiction Writer ◽  
The Way

This article uses Frank Moorhouse as a study of the formation of a public intellectual in the 1960s and 1970s. Moorhouse was a key figure in the Sydney Push, a loose Libertarian-anarchist network of artists, writers, intellectuals and party people who rejected the dominant moral values of the 1950s and 1960s. A journalist, Moorhouse later became a well-known fiction writer who was part of a similarly bohemian and activist milieu centred in Sydney's Balmain. Taking Frank Moorhouse as a case study, I will argue that there is something particular about the way public intellectuals have historically been formed and given voice in Australian life, which is characterised by a permeability between art and writing practices and between academic and activist milieux.

scholarly journals Mengenal Rahasia Karakter Orang Jepang: Selalu Menghargai Proses, Tidak Hanya Hasil (Kajian Budaya Dalam Pendekatan Filosofis)

KIRYOKU ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Iriyanto Widisuseno
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Normative Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Philosophical Methods ◽  
The Way

This study focuses on examining how Japanese work culture patterns respect processes, not just the results of their work. The aim is to uncover the principles and evidence that underlie the pattern of Japanese work culture that always respects the process and not only the results. This study uses philosophical methods, which are essential, comprehensive and normative analysis of the facts of life to try to unravel and explore the principles of existence of life, namely the ontological, epistemological and axiological principles. The ontological principle, describes the Japanese footing in conceptualizing the meaning, nature of life and life in the midst of the world's environment. The principle of epistemology describes the way the Japanese realize the concept of meaning and meaning of life in their world. The axiological principle describes the values that make the direction or purpose of life. The existence of the three principles of existence is interspersed and systemic. The research results formulated that ontologically, the Japanese in conceptualizing the meaning and meaning of their lives rely on Bushido's moral values (integrity, courage, generosity, respect for others, honesty and sincerity). Epistemologically, Japanese lifestyles describe ways of finding Ikigai in him. Axiologically, the goal of Japanese life is "Ikigai" which is the values of happiness, something that makes people move forward into the future. As a conclusion of the study, that the character of Japanese people who always respect the process, and not only the results is an epistemological pattern of life-based on Bushido values, to build an axiological framework containing Ikigai.

O wierności

Etyka ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 185-209
Author(s):  
Janina Makota
Keyword(s):  
Moral Values ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Willingness To Serve ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

Fidelity as a moral value which may qualify persons or determinate modes of behaviour is discussed. Some examples of fidelity are given to show that fidelity may have various forms depending on whom or what it concerns and how deeply one is engaged. Fidelity is determined as a personal value consisting in a persistent approval of some chosen ensembles of values, in connection with the willingness to serve them in the way required by them in various situations. If fidelity is one of moral values there are applicable to it all the statements concerning moral values in general. The difference between fidelity and other moral values lies in the qualitative specificity which may be grasped intuitively. The realization of fidelity must be accomplished consciously and the corresponding acts must spring from the centre of our „ego”. The fidelity to the ensembles of values preferred to others should not violate the objective hierarchy of values, i.e., it should appear within orderly relations to the whole system of values.

Slovakia and the European ethos

Human Affairs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viera Bilasová
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Moral Consciousness ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe paper explores how the ethos in Slovakia has been shaped and “matured” in the context of the values, principles and norms inherent in the European ethos. The presence of this ethos, including its sources and forms, can be considered in the Slovak historical context to be a moral phenomenon and an integral part of human being, encoded in the moral values held by individuals and society. By seeking out its ties and analysing the way it is intertwined with the evolution of the European ethos, it provides us with the space to understand and resolve many of today’s issues and conflicts in an ethical manner. The author considers moral consciousness to be an important part of the culture of civilization today, which faces the challenge of finding new forms of human coexistence and a life in peace. It attests to the importance of ethics and morality in the life of individual and society, and the utility of ethical reflection in solving moral issues in life and in searching for one’s own way through it.

Why do We Say in April, on Thursday, at 10 O'Clock? In Search of an Explanation

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Wrong Direction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

Why do we say ON Thursday but AT 10 o'clock? Or why do we say AT night but IN the morning? One common answer to such questions is to dismiss the problem: this is the way we speak because this is the way to speak; it is all arbitrary, conventional, idiosyncratic. It is argued that such answers are unilluminating and unsatisfactory. Prepositions such as ON, AT, or IN have their meanings, and the choice between them is motivated by these meanings. There are also certain conventions of use based on cultural expectations; the meanings and the cultural expectations interact and their interaction produces results whose "logic" may be difficult to detect — especially if one looks in the wrong direction, that is, that of "truth conditions" regarding external situations. In fact, however, the problem is not insoluble, and if it is approached with the understanding that meaning is all in the mind and that it is a matter of conceptualizations rather than "truth conditions", the hidden "logic " behind the choice of prepositions for temporal adverbials can be explained. The paper argues, and tries to demonstrate, that the prepositions AT, IN, and ON mean different things, and that the patterns of their use in different types of temporal phrases are determined by their meanings.

scholarly journals FENOMENA TINDAKAN MAIN HAKIM SENDIRI DALAM HUKUM NEGARA DAN HUKUM ISLAM

PERADA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Asrizal Saiin ◽  
Ahmad Iffan
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
The Law ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
The Way

Perbuatan main hakim sendiri tidak hanya merugikan negara tetapi dapat meruntuhkan moral masyarakat. Tindakan main hakim sendiri telah diatur di dalam agama Islam dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Indonesia. Tindakan main hakim sendiri belum diatur secara khusus dalam peraturan perundang-undangan pidana terkhususnya Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Akan tetapi, bukan berarti KUHP tidak dapat diterapkan sama sekali jika terjadi perbuatan main hakim sendiri, Main hakim sendiri selain merupakan perbuatan melawan hukum juga bertentangan dengan ajaran agama Islam. Agama Islam mengajarkan untuk melakukan tabayyun (memintai keterangan) terlebih dahulu. Berbagai dalil Alquran menjelaskan bagaimana tindakan main hakim sendiri adalah perbuatan sangat keji dan dilarang oleh norma agama. Argumentasi terkait tindakan main hakim sendiri didasari oleh pemikiran masyarakat yang menganggap bahwa perbuatan berdua-duaan di suatu tempat antara dua orang yang berbeda jenis kelamin yang belum menikah merupakan perbuatan yang melanggar norma yang tidak sesuai dengan ajaran agama, kesusilaan dan kesopanan. Walaupun demikian, cara penyelesaian masalah tersebut adalah tetap mengedepankan nilai-nilai moral yang menjunjung tinggi harkat dan martabat manusia.   Abstract : The vigilante act does not only harm the nation but also damages people's morale. It is regulated in Islam and the Indonesian Constitution. It has not been specifically regulated in criminal legislation specifically in the Criminal Code (KUHP). However, it does not mean that the Criminal Code cannot be applied at all if there is a vigilante act. It does not only oppose the law but also it is contrary to the Islamic teaching. Islam teaches to confirm first. Various Quranic Dalil explain how vigilante acts are very despicable and prohibited by religious norms. The argument related to vigilante act is based on the public's thought that the act of two-person somewhere between two people of different sexes is an act that violates the norm. It is not suitable with religious teaching, decency and politeness. Therefore, the way to solve the problem is to keep emphasizing moral values ​​that uphold human dignity.

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