Extract from The State of the Poor: or, an History of the Labouring Classes in England, from the Conquest to the Present Period; . . . together with Parochial Reports, 3 vols, London, 1797, Vol. I, pp. 411–430

Volume IV ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Frederick Morton Eden
Keyword(s):  
The Poor ◽  
Author(s):  
Breandán Mac Suibhne

In 1856 Patrick McGlynn, a young schoolmaster in west Donegal, Ireland, turned informer on the Molly Maguires, a secret combination that, from the Great Famine of the late 1840s, had been responsible for a wave of violence and intimidation—offences that the state termed ‘outrage’. Here, a history of McGlynn’s informing, backlit by episodes over the previous two decades, sheds light on that wave of outrage, its origins and outcomes, the meaning and the memory of it. More specifically, it illuminates the end of outrage—the shifting objectives of those who engaged in it, and also how, after hunger faded and disease abated, tensions emerged in the Molly Maguires, when one element sought to curtail such activity, while another sought, unsuccessfully, to expand it. And in that contention, when the opportunities of post-Famine society were coming into view, one glimpses the end, or at least an ebbing, of outrage—in the everyday sense of moral indignation—at the fate of the rural poor. But, at heart, The End of Outrage is about contention among neighbours—a family that rose from the ashes of a mode of living, those consumed in the conflagration, and those who lost much but not all. Ultimately, the concern is how the poor themselves came to terms with their loss: how their own outrage at what had been done unto them and their forebears lost malignancy, and ended.


Author(s):  
Maria Clara Oliveira Figueiredo ◽  
Juliana Maria Nascimento dos Santos ◽  
Solano de Souza Braga ◽  
André Riani Costa Perinotto

O objetivo da pesquisa foi destacar a importância do Santuário Mãe dos Pobres e Senhora do Piauí no contexto da atividade turística desenvolvida no município de Ilha Grande de Santa Isabel, Piauí. Foi possível descrever a história do local que abriga os atrativos representativos de dois principais segmentos turísticos do estado, sendo eles o Santuário (turismo religioso) e o Delta do Parnaíba (turismo de sol e praia). A partir de pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e da análise das respostas obtidas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com viajantes e moradores, observa-se que não há um conflito entre os dois segmentos turísticos no local. O evento que ocorre no Santuário atrai romeiros, mas também é frequentado pelos turistas que a princípio escolheram a região pela prática do turismo de sol e praia e, embora com motivações diferentes, não foi possível distinguir os dois tipos de turistas durante o evento. Enquanto os romeiros aproveitam os intervalos dos compromissos religiosos para desenvolver atividades recreativas nas praias de rio e de mar, o mesmo ocorre com os turistas de sol e praia que acabam participando das cerimônias e festas no Santuário. Religious and sun-and-beach tourism: the case of the Mother of the Poor and Lady of Piauí Sanctuary in Ilha Grande (PI, Brazil) the objective of the research was to highlight the importance of the Mother of the Poor Sanctuary and the Lady of Piauí in the context of the tourism activity developed in Ilha Grande de Santa Isabel, Piauí. It was possible to describe the history of the place that shelters the representative attractions of two main tourist segments of the state, such as the Sanctuary (religious tourism) and the Parnaíba River Delta (sun and beach tourism). Based on bibliographical, documentary and analysis of the answers obtained through semi-structured interviews with travelers and residents, it is observed that there is no conflict between the two tourist segments in the place. The event that takes place in the Sanctuary attracts pilgrims, but tourists who at first chose the region for the practice of sun and beach tourism also frequent it and, although with different motivations, it was not possible to distinguish the two types of tourists during the event. While the pilgrims take advantage of the intervals of religious commitments to develop recreational activities on the river and sea beaches, so do sun and beach tourists who end up attending ceremonies and feasts at the Sanctuary. KEYWORDS: Sanctuary; Ilha Grande; Tourism; Delta of the Parnaiba.


Traditio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 327-433
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Febert

The convent of sisters of the Order of St. Damian and St. Clare of Söflingen, initially established just outside the city of Ulm in what is today the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany, moved to the village of Söflingen, slightly west of its first home, sometime in the early 1250s, and survived there until 1814 when it was finally dissolved. During the centuries of activity, the convent maintained a large archive of documents including charters, privileges, and other letters. The history of the foundation was already discussed in 1488 in the work of a local Dominican, Felix Fabri. But the modern historian responsible for cataloging much of the extant documentation was Max Miller (1901–1973). Miller, a Catholic priest and the director of the Staatsarchiv Stuttgart from 1951 until his retirement in 1967, produced a register of the Söflingen documents starting with the earliest land donations and continuing to 1550. He organized and numbered all of them according to date and included brief descriptions and abbreviated notes concerning their location in his register. It is still used as the finding tool, orFindbuch, for Söflingen's documents at the state archive in Ludwigsburg, and Miller's numbering system gives most items their current call number. Many of the items he listed can be found at the Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg as well.


2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Steinfeld

Kunal Parker's “State, Citizenship, and Territory” can be read in at least two ways. Read one way, it tells an important story about how regulation of the poor was driven upward in Massachusetts during the nineteenth century, from the localities to the state. In the seventeenth century, Massachusetts had imposed primary responsibility for care of the poor on its towns. But during the eighteenth century, with the growth of a landless, wandering population, town poor relief budgets came under increasing pressure. The towns responded by lobbying the Massachusetts legislature to pass a series of statutes that made it more and more difficult to acquire a town settlement. People who fell into need in Massachusetts but who had not acquired a town settlement became state paupers for whom the state, rather than any town, was fiscally responsible. As it became more and more difficult to acquire a town settlement, the number of state paupers increased, shifting a portion of the fiscal burden of poor relief from the towns onto the state.


Author(s):  
Andrew Ashworth ◽  
Lucia Zedner

In her important monograph, In Search of Criminal Responsibility, Lacey explores changing relations between individual and state and charts the history of growing state ‘confidence in the possibility of shaping the habits and dispositions of citizenhood’ through the criminal law and other legal measures. She concludes, ‘we are seeing not so much a replacement of one paradigm of responsibility by another, but rather an accumulation of conceptions or “technologies” of responsibility.’ This chapter considers these controversial new hybrid legal orders such as the ASBO and its successors with which the state seeks to instil habits of respectable citizenship and to secure civil order. These diverse powers engraft new techniques of ‘responsibilization’ on to existing criminal laws, designed to police ‘irregular’ citizens who occupy precarious places at the margins, such as youth, those engaging in anti-social behaviour, the poor, and the homeless. Arguably these technologies do not signify the growth of state confidence so much as its resort to regulatory fixes to intractable problems of governance. It concludes by considering the implications of these developments for the attribution of responsibility both in and outside the criminal law.


Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.


2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.


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