Fairbairn and the self as an organized system: chaos theory as a new paradigm

2018 ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
David E. Scharff
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Schäfer ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Christian Frings

Abstract. Recently, Sui, He, and Humphreys (2012) introduced a new paradigm to measure perceptual self-prioritization processes. It seems that arbitrarily tagging shapes to self-relevant words (I, my, me, and so on) leads to speeded verification times when matching self-relevant word shape pairings (e.g., me – triangle) as compared to non-self-relevant word shape pairings (e.g., stranger – circle). In order to analyze the level at which self-prioritization takes place we analyzed whether the self-prioritization effect is due to a tagging of the self-relevant label and the particular associated shape or due to a tagging of the self with an abstract concept. In two experiments participants showed standard self-prioritization effects with varying stimulus features or different exemplars of a particular stimulus-category suggesting that self-prioritization also works at a conceptual level.


1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1043-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Bütz

This paper provides a discussion of the life cycle using a framework constructed from ideas in chaos theory. Building upon psychodynamic ideas from Freud, Jung, and Erikson, the integration of the Self is discussed from the viewpoint of Analytical Psychology. It is proposed that throughout our lives we encounter crisis points that fractionate the ego and necessitate use of more complex and adaptive psychic structures to contain or handle the seemingly disparate qualities that arise. We may say that eventually one aspires to realize Analytical Psychology's goal of integrating the superior and the inferior functions of the psyche into a cohesive Self. Jung seemed to state that the Self could never be attained, but it is argued in this paper that a form of transitory self may be realized periodically during the course of the life cycle.


1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isla Lonie

Thomas Kuhn's concept of paradigm as central to the functioning of a mature science is linked with Johnson-Abercrombie's recognition that perception itself is shaped by the schemata available to the subject. The rapidly advancing field of non-linear mathematics, in offering conceptual forms to represent complex events, may provide a useful framework in which to place various psychodynamic formulations about the development of the personality, and suggests the possibility of a new approach to research concerning the efficacy of psychotherapy. Dan Stern's latest concept of “moments” as the basic unit in structuring the personality, leading to the complex representational patterns and feed-back loops he terms “RIGS” may be viewed in this context. The paradigm may be extended to include such concepts as Peterfreund's linkage of psychodynamic theorising with aspects of information theory generated by the study of computers, and with Sullivan's concepts of repetitive patterns of behaviour recognisable, and changing, throughout the course of a therapy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209
Author(s):  
E. N. Makhmutova

On April 16th and 17th, 2021, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (MSUPE), Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education (RAE), the Philosophical Society Dialectic and Culture together with the ANO Institute of Problem Educational Policies Eureka and informational support of the journals Cultural-Historical Psychology and Voprosy Filosofii held an international scientific conference The Riddle of the Self. The scientific conference took place in MSUPE in connection with the 90th anniversary of Felix Trofimivich Mikhailov (1930-2006), Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Academician of the RAE and the author of the book under the same title. The Riddle of the Self was originally published in 1964 and advocated for a general study of human nature based on the study of cognition, consciousness, and language. This lapidary book was reprinted in 1976 and determined a whole new paradigm of multidisciplinary knowledge of person and personality across various research fields. The focus of the Self of F. T. Mikhailov came into being through his idea of appeal (obrashchenie). This concept is vivid in his works and multi-author books Public Consciousness and Individual Self-consciousness (1990), Self-Consciousness: Mine and Ours (1997), Human as Object and Subject of Medicine (1999), Selected Works (2001), Self-determination of Culture. Philosophical Search (2003), and in multiple scientific articles in the journals Voprosy Filosofii, Philosophical Sciences etc. F. T. Mikhailov viewed appeal as a mechanism of creation, development and transformation of culture, as well as the mechanism of its appropriation in ontogenesis and phylogenesis. According to F. T. Mikhailov, culture is nothing less than an antecedent, process and result of people’s creation of their appeals to each other and themselves, appeals that are essential to their very life. Culture as intersubjectivity of human collectivity is deeply rooted in the fabric of education and determines the appeals of the participants of the educational process. F. T. Mikhailov considered education a meeting point of generations, where different age groups face each other and appeal to each other in a way that generates, reconstitutes and conserves culture. The key to the above-mentioned riddle can be found in the domain of human freedom of thought, feeling and action. And every person can advance the emergence of a free and creative Self, both personal and universal. The conference comprised multiple lines of research into philosophy, culture, communication, psychology and education and made it clear that we are still students of F. T. Mikhailov.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Carvalho ◽  
Juan Gallo ◽  
David Pereira ◽  
Patrícia Valentão ◽  
Paula Andrade ◽  
...  

Self-assembled peptide hydrogels have emerged in recent years as the new paradigm in biomaterials research. We have contributed to this field the development of hydrogels based on dehydrodipeptides N-capped with naproxen. The dehydrodipeptide hydrogels can be loaded with drugs, thus being potential nanocarriers for drug delivery. In this work novel dehydrodipeptides containing tyrosine and aspartic acid amino acid residues N-capped with naproxen and C-terminal dehydrophenylalanine were prepared and characterized. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were incorporated into the dehydrodipeptide-based hydrogels and their effect on the self-assembly, structure and rheological and magnetic properties of the hydrogels was studied. Magnetic hydrogels, with incorporated SPIONs, displayed concentration-dependent T2-MRI contrast enhancement. Moreover, upon magnetic excitation (alternating magnetic field –AMF–) the SPIONs were able to generate a significant amount of heat. Hence, magnetic hyperthermia can be used as a remote trigger for release of drug cargos and SPIONs incorporated into the self-assembled dehydrodipeptide hydrogels.


2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llewellyn Negrin

Recently, there has emerged a new paradigm, informed by poststructuralist theory, for the appraisal of cosmetics. According to this approach, earlier critiques of cosmetics have been based on a mistaken premise that there exists a 'true' self independent of the masks one assumes when, in fact, the self is constituted by these very masks. Thus, in contrast to previous critics who proposed a return to the 'natural' body, these recent theorists advocate a cosmetics which openly declares its artificial nature. However, as will be argued in this paper, in their concern to dismantle 'essentialist' notions of the self, poststructuralist theorists have unwittingly fallen into the embrace of the cosmetics industry with their promotion of the notion of the self as masquerade. In our postmodern culture where the cult of appearances has become ubiquitous, the advocacy of a hedonistic experimentation with various guises is complicitous with contemporary capitalist consumer ideology.


2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Bell ◽  
Christian Kandler ◽  
Rainer Riemann

A new paradigm has emerged in which both genetic and environmental factors are cited as possible influences on sociopolitical attitudes. Despite the increasing acceptance of this paradigm, several aspects of the approach remain underdeveloped. Specifically, limitations arise from a reliance on a twins-only design, and all previous studies have used self-reports only. There are also questions about the extent to which existing findings generalize cross-culturally. To address those issues, this study examined individual differences in liberalism/conservatism in a German sample that included twins, their parents, and their spouses and incorporated both self- and peer reports. The self-report findings from this extended twin family design were largely consistent with previous research that used that rater perspective, but they provided higher estimates of heritability, shared parental environmental influences, assortative mating, and genotype-environment correlation than the results from peer reports. The implications of these findings for the measurement and understanding of sociopolitical attitudes are explored.


Author(s):  
Khalid Ahmad Yas ◽  
Arbaayah Ali Termizi ◽  
Rosli Talif ◽  
Hardev Kaur

The paper aims to utilise chaos theory as a methodology and perspective to analyse Shelagh Stephenson’s science drama An Experiment with an Air Pump thematically and structurally. It is highly pertinent to mention here that the discovery of the DNA structure in 1953 by Watson and Crick coincided with the development of a new paradigm shift in science, chaos theory.  The discovery of the DNA structure, on the other hand, led to the birth of the science of genetics which reached its peak in the late 1990s when Human Genome Project was completed. Theatre did not stand aloof from this radical shift. Mapping human genome might lead to appalling ethical dilemmas. Topics related to the cold war and nuclear-bomb were replaced with ones quoted from biology, genetics and cloning. Stephenson’s play brings to light the danger of turning from natural to artificial selection as science, now, has access not only to the DNA structure but also how to manipulate it.  The drama’s extensive debate focuses mainly on the risk of genome-related discrimination.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document