Depth and Complexity

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-49
Author(s):  
Sandra N. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Depth And Complexity

Personification Allegory in the Aeneid and Ovid's Metamorphoses

Mnemosyne ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunstan Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
First Century ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Roman Literature ◽  
Depth And Complexity ◽  
Roman Epic ◽  
Narrative Role

AbstractThis article will show that Ovid's well-known innovations in the use of personification allegory combine closely with those of Virgil, to form a distinctive 'Augustan' phase in the development of allegory in classical literature. Both Ovid and Virgil make fictional abstractions concrete and ontologically ambiguous. Innovations common to both the Aeneid and Metamorphoses constitute an important stage in the emergence of 'compositional allegory', in the wake of the Roman adoption of Stoicising interpretative reading practices in the course of the first century BC. Both epics involve Furies as models for their major personified abstractions, both in narrative role and in concrete detail. Uniquely in and to Roman literature, Furies changed from supernatural beings into personified abstractions. This change, enabled by the semantic replacement of proper names such as Erinys or Eumenis with the word Furia ('frenzy'), produced new depth and complexity in the form and metaliterary function of personifications in Roman epic and later literary traditions.

scholarly journals Integration of signals from different cortical areas in higher order thalamic neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (30) ◽  
pp. e2104137118
Author(s):  
Vandana Sampathkumar ◽  
Andrew Miller-Hansen ◽  
S. Murray Sherman ◽  
Narayanan Kasthuri
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Thalamic Neurons ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Afferent Information ◽  
Posterior Medial Nucleus ◽  
Depth And Complexity ◽  
Genetic Labeling

Higher order thalamic neurons receive driving inputs from cortical layer 5 and project back to the cortex, reflecting a transthalamic route for corticocortical communication. To determine whether or not individual neurons integrate signals from different cortical populations, we combined electron microscopy “connectomics” in mice with genetic labeling to disambiguate layer 5 synapses from somatosensory and motor cortices to the higher order thalamic posterior medial nucleus. A significant convergence of these inputs was found on 19 of 33 reconstructed thalamic cells, and as a population, the layer 5 synapses were larger and located more proximally on dendrites than were unlabeled synapses. Thus, many or most of these thalamic neurons do not simply relay afferent information but instead integrate signals as disparate in this case as those emanating from sensory and motor cortices. These findings add further depth and complexity to the role of the higher order thalamus in overall cortical functioning.

On Hardware Implementation of Balanced S-boxes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
E. A. Kurganov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Circuit Complexity ◽  
Lookup Table ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Symmetric Ciphers ◽  
Depth And Complexity ◽  
Selection Of

An S-box is a non-linear transformation that takes n bits as input and returns m bits. This transformation is most easily represented as a nm lookup table. Most often, only balanced S-boxes are used in cryptography. This means that the number of input bits is equal to the number of output bits. The S-box is an important part of most symmetric ciphers. The selection of the correct substitution makes the link between the key and the ciphertext more complex (non-linear), which makes it much more difficult to hack. This paper deals with a hardware implementation of S-boxes. This implementation can be realized by using logical conjunction, disjunction, negation and delay blocks. The main indicator of productivity of such implementations is a circuit depth, namely the maximum length of a simple way of the circuit and a circuit complexity, namely the quantity of logic elements (negation elements are not taken into account). The article considers the standard synthesis methods (based on DNF, Shannon, Lupanov), proposes a new algorithm to minimize the complexity of an arbitrary Boolean functions system and a way to reduce the complexity of the circuit obtained after simplification by the ESPRESSO algorithm of DNF of the function related to the output of the S-box. To compare the efficiency of the methods, the C++ program was created that generates a circuit in the Verilog language. The estimates of depth and complexity are obtained for the schemes produced as a result of the programs operation. The article ends with a comparison of the efficiency of S-box schemes of known cryptographic standards obtained as the output of the program (with each other and with the result of the Logic Friday program).

Internationalization of the State under US Hegemony and Japanese Quasi-Hegemony: Promoting Industrialization and Disciplining Labour, 1945–2000

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Glassman
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Depth And Complexity ◽  
Us Intervention

The fashion in which the Thai peasantry was captured has heavily conditioned the development of the industrial labour process and labour markets. Thai workers did not simply appear at the factory gates when and where they were needed and in possession of the requisite skills. Rather, new streams of marginalized peasants began to join older streams of immigrant Sino-Thai workers as the capitalist transformation of agriculture proceeded, and the ways in which these new streams entered the industrial labour force depended in part upon the ways they were removed from agriculture. Beyond this, the state did not merely passively witness the absorption of former peasants into the industrial labour force but actively abetted the process through a variety of measures, ranging from state promotion of industrial development to investment in education and training of workers. The Thai state also actively shaped the labour market through its alternating suppression and promotion of trade unions, a matter addressed in this chapter. The state functions that are integral to the industrial transformation described here were carried out by internationalized segments of the Thai state, including one—the Department of Labour—that would typically be associated with national corporatism, thus illustrating the depth and complexity of the internationalization process. The internationalization of capital and the state around industrial manufacturing development has been more complicated than the internationalization of capital and state in the capture of the peasantry both because of this depth and complexity and because of the overlapping roles played by two hegemons. Whereas the capture of the peasantry was the product of collaboration between Thai and US elites, the disciplining of the industrial labour force involves more multifaceted collaboration among Thai, US, and Japanese elites—as well as transnational statist institutions. Furthermore, there has been some historical phasing of the relative influence of the two hegemons, with US influence declining after the mid-1970s and Japanese influence increasing. Finally, whereas the US intervention in Thailand aimed directly at transforming the structures of state power along with the economy, the Japanese state has been more inclined to make use of the existing state apparatus and to transform its functions, where necessary, through sheer economic power.

scholarly journals The importance of oceanic atoll lagoons for coral reef predators

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Skinner ◽  
Aileen C. Mill ◽  
Steven P. Newman ◽  
S. Nadia Alsagoff ◽  
Nicholas V. C. Polunin
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Underwater Video ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
Outer Reef ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Lagoonal Habitat ◽  
Depth And Complexity

AbstractPredators on coral reefs play an important ecological role structuring reef fish communities and are important fishery targets. It is thought that reef predator assemblages increase in density and diversity from inner lagoonal to outer edge reefs. Oceanic atolls may differ though, as nutrients are available throughout. Reef predator populations are declining, but there is little known about how their distributions may vary across oceanic atolls. Using a combination of underwater visual census and baited remote underwater video, this study aimed to compare reef predator populations between inner and outer reefs of North Malé Atoll (Maldives) and determine which reef metrics may drive any differences in assemblage structure. We found that predator assemblages were significantly different between inner and outer atoll. Body sizes of several predator families were consistently larger in the outer atoll, however, abundance, biomass and species richness were similar between outer edge reefs and inner lagoonal reefs suggesting atoll lagoons may be undervalued habitats. Depth and complexity were consistently important predictors of the predator assemblage. Inner atoll lagoonal habitat is equally as important for reef predator assemblages as outer reef slopes, although the dominant species differ. This study provides important information on reef predator populations in the Maldives, where detailed assessments of the reef predator assemblage are lacking but the reef fishery is thriving and annual catch will continue to increase.

scholarly journals Research and Verification of Convolutional Neural Network Lightweight in BCI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shipu Xu ◽  
Runlong Li ◽  
Yunsheng Wang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Wenwen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Original Network ◽  
Network Parameter ◽  
Network Parameters ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Depth And Complexity ◽  
Convergence Stability

With the increasing of depth and complexity of the convolutional neural network, parameter dimensionality and volume of computing have greatly restricted its applications. Based on the SqueezeNet network structure, this study introduces a block convolution and uses channel shuffle between blocks to alleviate the information jam. The method is aimed at reducing the dimensionality of parameters of in an original network structure and improving the efficiency of network operation. The verification performance of the ORL dataset shows that the classification accuracy and convergence efficiency are not reduced or even slightly improved when the network parameters are reduced, which supports the validity of block convolution in structure lightweight. Moreover, using a classic CIFAR-10 dataset, this network decreases parameter dimensionality while accelerating computational processing, with excellent convergence stability and efficiency when the network accuracy is only reduced by 1.3%.

scholarly journals Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day: A Historiographical Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Maha Abdel Moneim Emara
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Unreliable Narrator ◽  
Depth And Complexity

<p>This paper attempts to analyze Kazuo Ishiguro’s <em>The Remains of the Day</em>, in the light of various ramifications of postmodern critical historiographical approaches. It investigates the different narrative strategies Ishiguro uses to narrate historical events and dismantle objectivity mainly; backshadowing, intermixing of historical and personal incidents, and first-person unreliable narrator. Great deal of Ishiguro’s text depth and complexity arises from the unreliability of the narrator whose narration presents several interpretive versions and controversial issues.</p>

Emancipation without Utopia: Subjection, Modernity, and the Normative Claims of Feminist Critical Theory

Hypatia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Allen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Diagnostic Analysis ◽  
Gendered Power ◽  
Depth And Complexity ◽  
Paradox Of Power

Feminist theory needs both explanatory‐diagnostic and anticipatory‐utopian moments in order to be truly critical and truly feminist. However, the explanatory‐diagnostic task of analyzing the workings of gendered power relations in all of their depth and complexity seems to undercut the very possibility of emancipation on which the anticipatory‐utopian task relies. In this paper, I take this looming paradox as an invitation to rethink our understanding of emancipation and its relation to the anticipatory‐utopian dimensions of critique, asking what conception of emancipation is compatible with a complex explanatory‐diagnostic analysis of contemporary gender domination as it is intertwined and entangled with race, class, sexuality, and empire. I explore this question through an analysis of two specific debates in which the paradoxical relationship between power and emancipation emerges in particularly salient and seemingly intractable forms: debates over subjection and modernity. Drawing on the work of Michel Foucault, I argue that a negativistic conception of emancipation offers the best way for feminist critical theory to transform the paradox of power and emancipation into a productive tension that can fuel critique.

Jan Kott in Exile: Arden and Absolute Milan

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Allen J. Kuharski
Keyword(s):  
Associate Editor ◽  
Swarthmore College ◽  
Witold Gombrowicz ◽  
American Theatre ◽  
The Tempest ◽  
As You Like It ◽  
The Us ◽  
Theatre Studies ◽  
Cross Dressing ◽  
Depth And Complexity

In this essay, Allen J. Kuharski discusses Jan Kott as an exiled Polish writer best known for his essays on Shakespeare's plays, and compares and contrasts his writings with those of a variety of other Polish émigré writers, notably Witold Gombrowicz. He argues that Kott's most important contribution was ultimately as a performance theorist, in the traditions of Wyspiański and Brecht, rather than as a traditional critic or scholar, and in consequence he reached a wider readership in English and other languages than any other Polish writer. His choice of Shakespeare as a subject belied the full depth and complexity of the Polish sources (often experiential) for his readings of the plays – sources not always acknowledged in his work. Kuharski uses Kott's own syncretic, archetypal methods to interpret his life and work, explaining his position as an exiled writer via Shakespearean characters such as Duke Senior in As You Like It and Prospero in The Tempest – and, closest to the experience of the émigré, the cross-dressing Rosalind, compelled to belie herself in order to express herself. Tracing the evolution of Kott's complex existential self-definition in various phases of his life and writing, Kuharski concludes that the key to Kott's various authorial personae is the influence of the inter-war Polish writer and critic Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński. Allen J. Kuharski, Associate Editor for Theatre Journal, is the Director of the Theatre Studies Program at Swarthmore College in Philadelphia, and has published extensively on Gombrowicz, Kott, and other aspects of contemporary Polish and American theatre in the US, UK, Poland, France, and the Netherlands. His translation and stage adaptation of Gombrowicz's novel Ferdydurke has been performed in various countries, winning a Fringe First at the Edinburgh Festival in 2001.

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