Internationalization of the State under US Hegemony and Japanese Quasi-Hegemony: Promoting Industrialization and Disciplining Labour, 1945–2000

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Glassman
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Depth And Complexity ◽  
Us Intervention

The fashion in which the Thai peasantry was captured has heavily conditioned the development of the industrial labour process and labour markets. Thai workers did not simply appear at the factory gates when and where they were needed and in possession of the requisite skills. Rather, new streams of marginalized peasants began to join older streams of immigrant Sino-Thai workers as the capitalist transformation of agriculture proceeded, and the ways in which these new streams entered the industrial labour force depended in part upon the ways they were removed from agriculture. Beyond this, the state did not merely passively witness the absorption of former peasants into the industrial labour force but actively abetted the process through a variety of measures, ranging from state promotion of industrial development to investment in education and training of workers. The Thai state also actively shaped the labour market through its alternating suppression and promotion of trade unions, a matter addressed in this chapter. The state functions that are integral to the industrial transformation described here were carried out by internationalized segments of the Thai state, including one—the Department of Labour—that would typically be associated with national corporatism, thus illustrating the depth and complexity of the internationalization process. The internationalization of capital and the state around industrial manufacturing development has been more complicated than the internationalization of capital and state in the capture of the peasantry both because of this depth and complexity and because of the overlapping roles played by two hegemons. Whereas the capture of the peasantry was the product of collaboration between Thai and US elites, the disciplining of the industrial labour force involves more multifaceted collaboration among Thai, US, and Japanese elites—as well as transnational statist institutions. Furthermore, there has been some historical phasing of the relative influence of the two hegemons, with US influence declining after the mid-1970s and Japanese influence increasing. Finally, whereas the US intervention in Thailand aimed directly at transforming the structures of state power along with the economy, the Japanese state has been more inclined to make use of the existing state apparatus and to transform its functions, where necessary, through sheer economic power.

The Pitfalls of Realist Analysis of Global Capitalism: A Critique of Ellen Meiksins Wood's Empire of Capital

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Us Imperialism ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Realist Analysis ◽  
New Imperialism ◽  
Us Intervention

AbstractThe dynamics of the emerging transnational stage in world capitalism cannot be understood through the blinkers of nation-state-centric thinking. In her study Empire of Capital, Ellen Meiksins Wood exhibits the reification and outdated nation-state-centric thinking that plagues much recent work on world capitalism and US intervention, expressed in the confusing notion of a 'new imperialism'. The overarching problems in Wood's study – and, by extension, in much of the 'new-imperialism' literature – is a reified notion of imperialism, a refusal to draw out the analytical, theoretical, methodological, and epistemological implications of capitalist globalisation, and an incessant reification of the state. Instead of a 'new US empire', the current epoch is best understood as a new transnational phase in the ongoing evolution of world capitalism, characterised in particular by the rise of truly transnational capital, globalised circuits of accumulation, and transnational state apparatuses. 'US imperialism' refers to the use by tansnational élites of the US state apparatus to continue to attempt to expand, defend and stabilise the global capitalist system. US militarisation and intervention are best understood as a response to the intractable contradictions of global capitalism.

scholarly journals POLICY OF INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIALIZATION: THE CHALLENGES AND PRIORITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Kindzers'kyi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Role Of The State

Introduction. Overcoming the phenomena of de-industrialization and structural degradation of the Ukrainian economy should be based on the development and implementation of structural and industrial policies, given the need to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the country and the corresponding transition of the economy to the tracks of inclusive and sustainable industrial development. Purpose. To analyze the key challenges facing the Ukrainian industry and propose directions for shaping national policies for inclusive and sustainable industrialization. Results. Key indices of development of the Ukrainian industry in comparison with some industrially developed countries are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the inconsistency of industrial transformation processes in our country with the world trends and trends of inclusive and sustainable industrial development, defined by the Lima Declaration of UNIDO's, in particular in the context of the dynamics and structure of production and export, technological level, the need to improve labor productivity and income of the population, approximation to social inclusivity and fair distribution of national wealth, the transfer of production to environmental safety rails. The key defects of the state economic policy which led to negative tendencies are outlined. Attention is drawn to the actual refusal of the state from industrial policy, both in the "vertical" and "horizontal" variants of it, the replacement of structural policy by deregulation and orientation to the formal improvement of the country's positions in international ratings with further deterioration of the economic situation. The institutional distortions that led to the unfair distribution of the country's wealth and the emergence of domestic peculiarities of the short-terminism phenomenon in state and corporate decision-making are shown. The model and main directions of the policy of inclusive and sustainable industrialization are offered. It is based on the principle of dualistic combination of means of "vertical" and "horizontal" industrial policy, outlines priority directions of development of domestic industry, based on the possible specialization of the country and the existing threats and challenges. The key role of the state in this process is emphasized and the conclusion is made about the necessity of its transformation into a " developmental state", whose activity will be subordinate to the interest of the whole population of the country, and public property should be considered as an effective means for reviving production and creating the "total causality effect" of inclusive industrialization and achievement social justice.

Between the State and Labour: The Conflict of Chinese Trade Unions' Double Identity in Market Reform

2003 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 1006-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
Institutional Identity ◽  
Representation Function ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Chinese Official ◽  
Chinese Trade

Chinese official union's reactions to labour contentions can be explained by its double institutional identity as both a state apparatus and the labour organization. Before the reform, the union did not confront tense conflicts between its double identity, as its representation function was absorbed by the paternalist state. As the state retreats from socialist paternalism, the union finds that its double identity becomes contradictory. What role the union is apt to play in any particular dispute issue is determined by whether and to what extent its double institutional identity is in conflict. Specifically, three patterns of the union's roles can be identified: representing, mediating and pre-empting. State corporatism remains the fundamental institutional parameter that shapes the union's behaviour. A combination of state corporatism binding the union and rampant capitalist assaults on workers tends either to produce more spontaneous protests or to force workers to seek independent organizing outside the ACFTU framework.

Experimenting in Somalia: The new security empire

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Besteman
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Territorial State ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
A Site ◽  
Us Intervention ◽  
Security Regimes

The past several decades of US intervention in Somalia produced violent destabilization, dysfunction, and uncertainty, creating refugee outflows and terrorist networks against which the US is currently tightening its security cordons. This paper argues that Somalia’s recent history as a stateless region offers a cautionary and tragic case study of the long-term damages that ensue when wealthy states that intervene in poorer states in the name of their own security instead cause insecurity and inequities that enable violence, and then in response to that violence enact further securitization to protect themselves against the consequences of that damage. But rather than focusing on the state as a site of securitization, I focus on those whose lives are made insecure by the retreat of their state government and the imposition in its place of security regimes that are not created by their own state government. Such security regimes overlap and compete, are instituted by different state and nonstate actors for different purposes, and by their incoherence and multiplicity raise questions about the definition, location, and relevance of the state in such regions. The paper explores the emergence of new, interlinked security regimes that are partially or wholly constituted through the logics of a new security empire designed to respond to US security concerns. By turning attention to the situations faced by those who live within the insecurities of stateless regions, the paper asks, what happens to the concept of securitization when the national-territorial state is not the entity that operates as a ‘state’ in the lives of people, even though their lives are overlain with multiple and overlapping regimes of securitization?

Brazil and World War II

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D. McCann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
The Us

World War II produced great change in Brazil. Its war effort improved its port facilities, left it with new modern airfields from Belém to Rio de Janeiro, as well as refurbished railroads, and stimulated manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and a burgeoning steel complex. Its army, air force, and navy gained combat experience and the latest equipment. Its international stature had reached new heights and its leaders foresaw an ever-greater role in world politics. The war era laid the foundations upon which Brazil’s remarkable development in the next half century took place. The Brazilian leadership prior to the war had linked national development and security with international trade and finance, and they were concerned not to endanger the country, but they saw themselves naturally on the side of the liberal powers, particularly the United States. Brazil’s contributions to the Allied victory were significant. Brazil hosted, at Natal, the largest US air base outside its own territory, and, at Recife, the US Fourth Fleet; and it tied its economy to the American war machine, sent its navy in pursuit of German U-boats, and provided an expeditionary force and a fighter squadron on the Italian front. It allowed the construction of the air bases before it severed relations with the Axis at the Rio conference in January 1942, and the army lost personnel, equipment, and families to submarine attacks before Brazil entered the war officially in August of that year. Brazil’s expeditionary force that saw combat as part of the US Fifth Army was the only Latin American ground force to fight in World War II. Brazil’s industrial development encouraged and supported by the United States laid the foundation for its post-war industrial transformation.

Pengembangan Karir dan Iklim Organisasi terhadap Komitmen Karyawan (Studi Kasus pada Bank Daerah Syariah)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Fotuho Waruwu ◽  
Dematria Pringgabayu
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
The State ◽  
Development System ◽  
Work System ◽  
State Apparatus

Human Resources (HR) is a very important part in PT Bank Daerah Syariah, so that it is expected that there is an ideal and sufficient working period to optimize employee careers and increase employee commitment to the company, considering the products produced by the company are products used to facilitate the state apparatus work system and service to the wider community.This study aims to determine the effect of variable Career Development and Organizational Climate on the commitment of Employees in PT Bank Daerah Syariah. The method used in this study is a research mix method, which is a step of research by combining two forms of approach in research that is quantitative and qualitative. The population in this study were all employees in the Bank Daerah Syariah (BDS) as many as 53 employeesThe results showed that the career development variable (X1) and also the Organizational Climate (X2) had a positive and significant effect on the variable Employee Commitment (Y). The conclusion of the research shows that to increase the commitment of employees in PT Bank Daerah Syariah, the company needs to improve the existing career development system and maintain the organizational climate so that it remains conducive for all employees. 

California

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Social Cartography ◽  
Family Network ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Police Surveillance ◽  
Us Mexico Border

I utilize my situated position as anthropologist, academician, and citizen to argue not only that we should “think” California, but also that we should “rethink” our state—both its condition and its social cartography. To be clear, I see all my research and endeavors—my research on the US/Mexico border; my time among the markets and entrepreneurs I have worked and lived with; my focus on those places in which I was raised: Lemon Grove, Logan Heights; the family network and my community ethnographic work—as personal. I am in this academic game and the telling of our story because it is personal. When Lemon Grove was segregated, it was about my family; when Logan Heights was split by the construction of Interstate 5 and threatened by police surveillance, it was about our community; when the border was sanctioned and militarized it again was about the communities of which I am a part. A rethinking California is rooted in the experience of living California, of knowing and feeling the condition and the struggles we are experiencing and the crises we have gone through. We need to rethink California, especially the current failure of the state. This too is ultimately personal, because it affects each and every one of us, especially those historically unrepresented folks who have endured over the decades.

ANALISIS PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (Studi pada Dinas Penanaman Modal Pelayanan Terpadu dan Perindustrian Kabupaten Padang Pariaman)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendriko Putra Jayanda
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Linearity Test ◽  
Investment Service ◽  
Integrated Service

The purpose of this study is to test partially and simultaneously the influence of motivation and work environment on the performance of state civil apparatus in the Office of Integrated Service Investment and Industry of Padang Pariaman Regency, data collected by spreading the questionnaire directly. Test of research instrument used is test of validity and reliability test. The classical assumption test used is normality test, linearity test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. As for hypothesis test used t test and test f. The analytical method used to test the effect of motivation and work environment on the performance of civil state apparatus is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The result of the research shows that there is a significant influence between the working environment on the performance of civil apparatus of the State. Simultaneously or jointly motivation and work environment significantly influence the performance of civil apparatus of the State. Based on the research, it can be concluded that motivation has a significant effect on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus on the Integrated Service and Investment Service Department (DPMPTP) of Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. The work environment has a significant effect on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus on the Integrated Service and Industrial Service Investment Service (DPMPTP) of Padang Kabupaten Pariaman. Morality and work environment have a significant effect on the performance of State Civil Apparatus at the Department of Investment of Integrated Services and Industry (DPMPTP) of Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.

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